Syllabus Template



University of Southern California

Rossier School of Education

Course Syllabus

EDUC 543A-T: Instruction for Limited-English Proficient Students

March 2011

Faculty: Christian W. Chun, Ph.D.

Phone:

Class Time:

Office Hours:

Email: chuncw@usc.edu

Course Overview

Students who speak languages other than English are a growing presence in U.S. schools. Such students need assistance to successfully learn academic content and skills through English while at the same time developing proficiency in English. Many teachers however – subject teachers and instructors in TESOL - have limited awareness of the social, instructional, and policy environment that surrounds this growing population of English language learners in the U.S. There is therefore an important body of knowledge and skills concerning the provision of linguistically and culturally relevant instruction to English learners in U.S. schools. This is also an issue that bears increasing relevance for educational systems in many other countries where content instruction in English is being mandated at earlier and earlier grade levels, and where urban school systems are dealing with greater influxes of immigrant students and non-dominant language speakers.

This course is designed to provide an understanding of the instructional needs and challenges of language minority students who are learning English in the U.S. It will engage students in exploring a variety of theories, issues, procedures, methods and approaches for use in bilingual, English as a second language, and other learning environments. It provides an overview of the historic and current trends and social issues affecting the education of language minority students. Major units of the course include: language learning theories; socio-cultural contexts of language development, principled selection of instructional strategies for teaching language and non-language subjects; a focus on the development of academic language, assessment of language and non-language competencies; and selected issues in teaching language minority populations.

Course Objectives/Outcomes

Students completing this course will be able to:

• demonstrate greater familiarity with various theories and instructional methodologies in English language instruction and how they are relevant for English language learners in U.S. school contexts;

• demonstrate familiarity with past and current methods for teaching English learners;

• identify the major types of bilingual programs;

• describe other interventions designed to address the needs of English learners in a traditional classroom environment;

• demonstrate awareness of the issues involved in language assessment and testing for instructional purposes;

• demonstrate awareness of local and national legal, political and socio-cultural issues related to the education of English learners; and,

• exhibit greater appreciation for the needs and challenges that individual English learners face.

COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Performance in this course is measured heavily on the quality of the candidate’s written work and participation during class sessions. Written assignments must be typed and proofread and conform to APA standards. All of these readings should be completed before each class session as a basis for an informed and penetrating analysis of the issues of this course and contribute to purposeful academic discussion and reflection.

• CLASS TIME – During class time, candidates will experience a variety of activities. During Class Time, students have opportunities to talk with their instructor about key topics and issues. Candidates are encouraged to ask questions and actively participate in both planned and impromptu class discussions as long as the discussion forwards the purpose of the class. Participation in class time is required by all students and must include original thought supported by course readings.

Class Time will last approximately 90 minutes most weeks. You will receive a total of 20 points for full participation (2 points per Class Time). To receive full credit, candidates must arrive to class on time and participate for the full session. On-line candidates are responsible for logging in promptly and making sure their camera is on at all times. To receive full credit each week, candidates must also be fully engaged in all activities.

• FORUM DiscussionS/Student-led forums – In weeks 3 and 6 you will participate in a forum discussion around course readings, videos, assignments, and field experiences for the assigned week. Candidates must cite specific readings, theory, and videos to support assertions in the Forum narratives. In assigned “Forum Teams” (professor will post a roster for team assignments), members will alternate responsibility for posting questions, reflections, learning experiences, or “lessons learned” from the readings and/or activities for discussion on the course discussion board. All team members will respond to the original question or reflection and reply to at least two group members’ original responses as well. This activity is about constructing knowledge in a collaborative, social constructivist manner. Forum participation is worth 10 points (5 points each).

• T.V. Project JOURNAL and SUMMARY – Each student must select a non-English language television show or film in a language she/he does not know (ex: soap operas, dramas or other programs with plots and human interactions). You must watch two (2) hours of this program in two to four episodes (example: four half hour TV episodes, or four half hour segments of a single video or film), so that you can watch it over several presentations. You should start your viewing as early in the semester as possible. A TV program is preferred, however, a foreign film, without English subtitles, is permissible. Keep a journal record for EACH of your viewings. You should write in your journal as soon as you can after watching each viewing of the program.

The JOURNAL should include the following 3 parts FOR EACH VIEWING:

(a) a detailed descriptive narrative of the program action, characters, settings, mood, etc.

(b) a detailed description of your own reactions, feelings and emotions about the experience and process of watching a program in a language you do not understand. This section is about self-reflection. Thoroughly discuss the effects of the exercise, not the show itself.

(c) a comprehensive identification of all the strategies and clues you used for each viewing to make sense of what is going on in the program (including your use of the verbal, visual, graphic, and behavioral clues/evidence of the program).

The SUMMARY should adhere to these guidelines:

In addition to parts a, b, and c above, for each of your viewings, you should also write one overall summary/synthesis that provides your reflection on the overall experience and process of this exercise. Your summary should address what you learned from this process that is relevant for your own teaching. This section should also be written in a scholarly manner, making references to readings and relevant theories that you have encountered in this course or in other courses. Include this summary with the journal you submit to your professor. This exercise is designed to provide insights into the activities, feelings and strategies that language minority students experience and employ daily in classrooms. Your Journal is to be downloaded to your instructor by end of Week 5. All candidates will make a presentation of their TV Project during Class Time in Week 5. The TV Project Journal is worth 20 points. The TV Project Presentation is worth 5 points

• LaNGUAGE MINORITY Case Study Project – This case study project represents the main assignment in this course. (The project begins in 543-A and will be completed in 543-B.) It is designed to help you get inside the thinking and experience of a current or former English language learner. It will provide a rare opportunity to get to know one learners experience in detail. Many teachers who have taught for many years attest to never really having the change to understand one student’s experience in depth.

Each candidate will be responsible for conducting a mini-ethnographic case study of an individual English Language Learner (ELL). To complete the case study each candidate will need to begin thinking about a person to be the subject of the case study. Use the following guidelines to help identify a suitable participant:

• Someone who is currently an English language learner in a K12 school environment in U.S., or in an English-medium school environment outside of the U.S.; OR, someone who was previously in one of these situations and can adequately reflect on their experience.

• Someone who is accessible to you – this means someone who you will be able to interview on different occasions in some depth, and a student who you will be able to learn more about in other ways, if possible, such as by talking to their teacher or parents, and observing in the classroom.

• If possible look for someone who is going to provide an “interesting” case to learn from. This might be a student who is/was low-performing, or one who is particularly successful. It might mean finding a current or former English language learner whose educational background has unusual features such as educational interruption due to immigration, low literacy in their first language, or someone who was faced with English in school in the later grades.

Next, candidates will generate a first “draft” list of questions for your potential interviewee. The goal is to discover as much as you can about the person’s experience as a second language learner: socio-cultural and political factors that he/she might have been aware of, or that might have affected his/her experience; type of organizational strategies that were utilized in his/her program; issues in assessment of progress experienced in his/her program; and any other information that will give you insight into the person’s experience as a language minority student. Your list of questions will be due to your instructor as part of your case study abstract in week 4.

Next, you will start the procedures for securing your case study candidate. You will need to make contact with your school, get permission from the school administrator, teacher, and parents to conduct your study. It is important to follow all the ethical protocols to protect yourself and the participants of your study. Once this has been accomplished, then, you can start the process of selecting the best student for your study.

In Week 4 you will submit an abstract (5 points) that includes:

• School, classroom demographics, and background information on the student

• List of interview questions (student, parent, teachers…)

In Week 8 you will submit a draft (20 points) of your case study to date, including but not limited to:

• Purpose or aim of paper (introductory set-up or “roadmap” for the reader)

• Demographics of community, school, classroom

• Background of the student, including information gathered from interviews

• Why you selected student

• The student’s language proficiency in their L1 and English

• Student’s instructional program

• Reference to theories covered thus far and their role on your case study student

• Relevant information about the student’s language proficiency and academic achievement based on informal observations and student work

• Relevant information about the student’s language proficiency and academic achievement based on interviews (family, teacher, student, peers, siblings, instructional support personnel)

• All of these areas should be linked to literature and theory read and discussed in the class as well as any other found in your review of the literature. Your Case study draft will be due to your instructor by the end of week 8 for a total of 20 points.

Continuing into EDUC543B, you will be required to submit a Final Case Study Written Assignment. Unlike a traditional ethnographic study, this project will not result in a comprehensive, longitudinal analysis. Ethnographic research studies can take several months to years to conduct. This is well beyond the scope of this course.

The resulting product should be an 8-10 page written analysis that describes the main issues/themes that emerged in the case study and links these to the relevant literature. Additionally, a brief self-reflective summary focused on the process and experience of creating a Case Study should be included. This will not be easy given the limited number of pages. So be concise and thoughtful by providing an in-depth look at your student. This final paper is NOT due in 543A. Only your abstract and case study draft will be due during EDUC543A. This final paper will be due near the end of 543B.

Your final descriptive report and analysis of your interviewee will include the following components:

1. Cover Sheet

2. Introduction

a. Purpose or aim of paper (introductory set-up or “roadmap” for the reader)

b. Why selected student

c. Brief methodology section - steps you took to complete the project

d. Background of student

e. Demographics of community, school, classroom

f. Limitations of Study

3. Analysis of major themes that emerged in your study of the case student concerning the educational, social-cultural and political influences that affected the person’s academic achievement.

4. Conclusion

5. Personal Reflection on Case Study Experience

6. References

Grading

| |

|Grading Rubric for Assignments |

|A |B |C |D |

|All parts of assignment or presentation |All parts of assignment or |Assignment is not complete, |Assignment does not meet criteria|

|are done completely, showing evidence of|presentation are done completely; |and/or shows considerable lack |and reflects lack of preparation.|

|depth of thought, preparation, |however, depth of thought, |of depth, clarity preparation |Assignment needs to be redone in |

|organization and clarity. |preparation, organization and/or |or organization. |consultation with instructor. |

|Presentation or assignment shows |clarity could be improved. |Does not integrate literature, | |

|knowledge of pertinent literature or |Individual parts lack some degree |pertinent information or class | |

|information, and integrates this and |of connection to literature, |work in a comprehensive way. | |

|class work in an original manner. |pertinent information or class | | |

| |work. | | |

Assignments and Points

|Assignment |Points Possible |Due Date |

|Class Time |20 |Weeks 1-10 |

|Forum Discussions/Student Led Discussions |10 |Weeks 3 and 6 |

|Case study abstract |5 |Week 4 |

|TV Project Journal |20 |Week 5 |

|TV Project Presentation |5 |Week 5 |

|Language Minority Case Study Draft |20 |Week 8 |

|TOTAL: |80 | |

Grading Scale

A 100-95% B+ 89-86% C+ 79-76% D+ 69-66% F 59-0%

A- 94-90% B 85-83% C 75-73% D 65-63%

B- 82-80% C- 72-70% D- 62-60%

TEXTBOOKS AND OTHER MATERIALS

Required:

Crawford, J. (2004). Educating English Learners: Language Diversity in the Classroom (5th edition). Los Angeles: Bilingual Educational Services (BES).

ISBN: 0-89075-999-5

Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2008). Reading, Writing, & Learning in ESL: A Resource Book, for K-12 Teachers (5th edition). NY, Allyn & Bacon Publishers.

ISBN: 978-0-205-59324-8

COURSE READER

Recommended:

Cummins, J. (2001). Negotiating Identities: Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society. Sacramento: California Association for Bilingual Education.

ISBN: 1-889094-01-3

Cummins, J. & Sayers, D. (1997). Brave New Schools: Challenging Cultural Illiteracy. St. Martins Press, NY.

ISBN: 0-312-16358-4

Krashen, S. (1993). The Power of Reading. Englewood, CO: Libraries Unlimited Inc.

ISBN: 1-56308-006-0

Krashen, S. & Biber, D. (1988). On Course: Bilingual Education’s Success in California. Sacramento: California Association for Bilingual Education.

ISBN: 0-317-30175-6

Krashen, S. & Terrell, T.D. (1983). The Natural Approach. Haywood, CA: The Alemany Press.

ISBN: 0-13-609934-3

Mora-Flores, E. (2008). Writing Instruction for English Learners: A focus on genre. Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks: CA

ISBN-10: 1412957281

Richard-Amato, P.A. & Snow, M.A. (1992). The Multicultural Classroom: Readings for Content-Area Teachers. White Plains, NY: Longman.

ISBN: 0-8013-0511-X

Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (2nd edition). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

ISBN: 0-521-00843-3

Zwiers, J. (2007). Building Academic Language: Essential Practices for Content Classrooms, Grades 5-12. Wiley, John & Sons Inc.

ISBN: 978-0-7879-8761-9

Distance Learning

This course is offered both on-line and on campus. The activities, expectations and requirements are identical between the two versions.

In the Event of Technical Breakdowns

Students must submit assignments to the instructor via e-mail by the posted due date. Class times for online students may still be held if LMS is down using conference call. Remember to back up your work frequently.

Standards of Appropriate Online Behavior

The protocols defined by the USC Student Conduct Code must be upheld in Distance classes. Students are not allowed to post inappropriate material, SPAM to the class, use offensive language or online flaming. For more information, please visit:



Academic Accommodations

The University of Southern California is committed to full compliance with the Rehabilitation Act (Section 504) and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). As part of the implementation of this law, the university will continue to provide reasonable accommodation for academically qualified students with disabilities so that they can participate fully in the university’s educational programs and activities. Although USC is not required by law to change the “fundamental nature or essential curricular components of its programs in order to accommodate the needs of disabled students,” the university will provide reasonable academic accommodation. It is the specific responsibility of the university administration and all faculty serving in a teaching capacity to ensure the university’s compliance with this policy.

Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester. A letter of verification for approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP. Please be sure the letter is delivered to the instructor as early in the semester as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and is open 8:30 a.m. - 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. The phone number for DSP is (213) 740-7766.

Incompletes

IN – incomplete (work not completed because of documented illness or some other emergency occurring after 85% completion of the course; arrangements for the IN and its removal should be initiated by the student and agreed to by the instructor prior to the final exam); IX – lapsed incomplete.

Conditions for Removing a Grade of Incomplete

If an IN is assigned as the student’s grade, the instructor will fill out the Incomplete (IN) Completion form which will specify to the student and to the department the work remaining to be done, the procedures for its completion, the grade in the course to date and the weight to be assigned to the work remaining to be done when computing the final grade. A student may remove the IN by completing only the portion of required work not finished as a result of documented illness or emergency occurring after 85% completion of the course. Previously graded work may not be repeated for credit. It is not possible to remove an IN by re-registering for the course, even within the designated time.

Time Limit for Removal of an Incomplete

One calendar year is allowed to remove an IN. Individual academic units may have more stringent policies regarding these time limits. If the IN is not removed within the designated time, the course is considered “lapsed,” the grade is changed to an “IX” and it will be calculated into the grade point average as 0 points. Courses offered on a Credit/No Credit basis or taken on a Pass/No Pass basis for which a mark of Incomplete is assigned will be lapsed with a mark of NC or NP and will not be calculated into the grade point average.

Academic Integrity

The University’s Student Conduct Code articulates violations that are most common and readily identifiable. Conduct violating university community standards that is not specifically mentioned still may be subject to disciplinary action. General principles of academic honesty include and incorporate the concept of respect for the intellectual property of others, the expectation that individual work will be submitted unless otherwise allowed by an instructor, and the obligations both to protect one’s own academic work from misuse by others as well as to avoid using another’s work as one’s own. All students are expected to understand and abide by these principles.

Sanctions for violations of the university Student Conduct Code are assessed appropriately for the cited violation. Sanctions will be considered in light of students’ entire conduct records at the university and will be designed to hold students accountable for their actions and the resulting or potential consequences of such actions, to promote the educational well being of students and to protect the educational environment of the university and the safety of its community.

All academic integrity violations will result in an academic consequence. Failure to comply with the terms of any imposed sanctions may be considered an additional violation.

Scampus, the USC student guidebook contains the Student Conduct Code and information on Academic Integrity. It is the student’s responsibility to be familiar with and abide by these guidelines, which are found at:



A summary of behaviors violating University standards can be also found at:



Overview of Units

All readings must be completed prior to Forum Discussions or Class Time. You are always reading a week ahead. Be sure to complete Unit 1 readings prior to Week 1. Also, in preparation for your case study, you will frequently be asked to conduct focused observations and other relevant activities in your fieldwork site. Details of when these take place and the focus can be found in the detailed unit overviews that follow the chart below. These are not turned in, but should be completed in preparation for your case study draft due in week 8.

| |Unit | |

|Week | |Assignments |

| |Unit 1 |Class Time |

|Week 1 |Introduction of Course: Understanding “the self” as a Learner |Required Reading for Unit 2 |

| |of Language |TV Project- Getting Started |

| | |Case Study Observations-Selecting a student |

| | |Class Time |

| |Unit 2 |View Video: “Why Education for Language Minority Students: A|

|Week 2 |Getting to know English-language learners: History, Politics, |Theoretical Framework.” |

| |Practices, and Programs |Required Reading for Unit 3 |

| | | |

| | |Week 3 |

| |Unit 3 – Part I |Class Time |

|Weeks |Theoretical Foundations of Language Acquisition |Small Group Forum Discussion |

|3 and 4 |Language Proficiency and the Dimensions of Language, |View video lecture on language proficiency |

| |Conversational and Academic Language |Required Reading for Unit 4 |

| | | |

| |Unit 3 – Part II | |

| |Theoretical Foundations of Language Acquisition |Week 4 |

| |Conceptualizing Bilingual Proficiency: What does it mean? |Class Time |

| |What are the implications? |View video lecture |

| | |Case Study Abstract Due |

| | |Required Reading for Unit 4 Part 1 |

| | | |

| | |Week 5 |

| |Unit 4 – Part I |Class Time |

| |Second Language Acquisition Theory |View video- Immersion |

|Weeks | |Required Reading for Unit 4 Part 2 |

|5 and 6 | |TV Project Due |

| | | |

| |Unit 4 – Part II |Week 6 |

| |Second Language Acquisition Theory Continues |Class Time |

| | |Forum/Live Session (building of Graphic Organizer) |

| | |Required Reading for Unit 5 |

| | | |

| |Unit 5 |Class Time |

|Week 7 |Application of Theory into Practice: Programs and Outcomes |View video lecture - Krashen’s Theory |

| | |Required Reading for Unit 6 |

| | | |

| |Unit 6 |Week 8 |

|Weeks |Sociocultural Theory of Language and Learning: Tapping into |CASE STUDY OFFICE HOUR |

|8 and 9 |Community Funds of Knowledge |View Video Presentations on Socio-Cultural & Funds of |

| | |Knowledge |

| | |Required Reading for Unit 7 Part 1 |

| | |CASE STUDY DRAFT DUE |

| | | |

| | |Week 9 |

| | |Class Time |

| | | |

| | | |

|Week |Unit 7 Parts 1a |Class Time |

|10 |Models of Teaching English as a New Language |Required Reading for Unit 7 Part 2 |

| | | |

| | | |

| | |Class Time: Discuss transition to second semester 543-B |

| | |Discuss readings on communicative approaches |

| |

|The remainder of the table below provides a TENTATIVE PREVIEW of Units 1-10 in EDUC 543B. The following is subject to change. |

|Dates |Modules |Assignments |

| |EDUC 543-B Begins | |

| |Unit 1 |543-B Intro |

|Week 1 |Models for Teaching English as a New Language continues |Class Time |

| |Part 3 |View Classroom Video: Complete Checklist |

| |*Note: This unit began in |Required Reading |

| |Part A of this course. | |

| |Unit 2 |Week 2 |

|Weeks |Parts 1 and 2 |Class Time |

|2 and 3 |Reading and Writing Instruction |Fieldwork Journal |

| |for ELLs |Required Reading |

| | | |

| | | |

| | |WEEK 3 |

| | |Class Time |

| | |Fieldwork Journal |

| | |View SDAIE Lecture Slides and complete SDAIE sort |

| | |Required Reading |

| |Unit 3 | |

| |Content Area Instruction for ELLs |Class Time |

| | |Decision Making-The SDAIE vs ELD instructional approach |

|Week 4 | |Journal |

| | |Required Reading |

| | | |

| |Unit 4 |WEEK 5 |

| |Content Area Literacy |Class time |

| | |Genre Analysis Due: Post to Forum |

|Week 5 | |Required Reading |

|& | | |

|Week 6 | |WEEK 6 |

| | |NO FORMAL CLASS TIME |

| | |Guided Genre Analysis Forum |

| | |Required Reading |

| |Unit 5 |WEEK 7 |

| |Multimedia Strategies for Literacy Development |Class Time |

| | |View Podcast: Multi-media literacy in Teacher Education |

|Week 7 | |Required Reading |

|& | | |

|Week 8 | |WEEK 8 |

| | |NO FORMAL CLASS TIME |

| | |Office Hours: Case Study |

| | |Language Minority Case Study Due |

| |Unit 6 | |

| |Case Study Presentations |Week 9 |

| | |Class Time |

|Week 9 | |Present Case Study Project (Peer review- “Appraising a Case |

|& | |Study”) |

|Week10 | | |

| | |Week 10 |

| | |Class Time |

| | |Present Case Study Project (Peer review- “Appraising a Case |

| | |Study”) |

Due Dates

All noted assignments are due the week they are listed. Each week begins on Monday and ends on the following Sunday. With the exception of Class Time, you may post your assignments at any time during the week they are assigned unless otherwise specified. Assignments must be submitted no later than the end of the assigned week on Sundays. No late assignments will be accepted unless prior permission has been granted by your instructor.

Introduction to Course

Understanding “The Self” as a Learner of Language

Week 1

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this unit is to introduce the course. Organization, course syllabus, requirements and other topics concerning the management and fulfilling of course requirements will be discussed. Discussion of students’ background, expectations, needs and other related topics will also be discussed.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Candidates will:

• Understand organization of course: course syllabus, management, course requirements, etc.

• Recognize the unique aspects of classmates: backgrounds, experience, aspirations, etc.

• Contribute their own expectations and needs for the course.

• Understand the role the course plays in meeting the needs of language-minority populations.

• Understand the role of shared inquiry and discussion in the construction of knowledge in this course.

READINGS (to be read before next class session)

Course Syllabus

Crawford, J. (2004). Bilingualism in America: Ch. 1-3. Educating English Learners: Language Diversity in the Classroom. Pp. 2-77.

Chapter 1 discusses immigration and its impact, making sense of the Census in 2000, diversity in historic perspective, causes of language shift, LEP enrollment growth, challenges for educators, achievement (Data) Gaps, dropout Rates, patterns of acculturation, and costs of Language Loss.

Chapter 2 addresses diverse needs, mandates vs. realities, key terms, program Labeling, submersion, ESL pullout, structured English immersion, transitional bilingual education, developmental bilingual education, two-way bilingual education, newcomer models, and making program choices.

Chapter 3 covers mixed feelings about diversity, language policies elsewhere, American exceptionalism, linguistic laissez-faire, language ideologies, national myths – bilingual double standard, questions of power, assimilationism vs. pluralism, multicultural anxieties, school policies and politics, ‘Orientations’ in language planning, and group rights or individual rights.

Lucas, T., Villegas, A.M., & Greedson-Gonzalez, M. (2008). Linguistically Responsive Teacher Education: Preparing classroom teachers to teach English Language Learners. Journal of Teacher Education. 59 (4), 361-373.

URL: usc.edu/dept/education/CMMR/FullText/Lucas_Villegas.pdf

In this article, the authors identify a small set of principles that can serve as the linguistic foundation for the teaching of English language learners in mainstream classes. The authors outline linguistically responsive pedagogical practices that flow directly from these principles. They conclude with concrete suggestions for how teacher education programs can incorporate the knowledge and skills that will prepare all pre-service teachers to be linguistically responsive.

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class Time: Review course requirements and engage in an initial small group discussion around your initial understanding of bilingual education.

• TV Project – Getting Started

• Case Study Observations – Getting Started, Selecting a Student

Unit 2

Getting to Know English-language Learners:

History, Politics, Practices and Programs

Week 2

INTRODUCTION

In this unit candidates will learn about the history of education of language minority students. The unit includes an overview of the academic, social, economic and strategic rationale for specially designed programs for this student population. We will discuss programs and practices to meet the needs of this population of students and define who English learners are.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Students will be able to discuss the history of education for language minority populations.

• Students will display an understanding of the social, economic, political, and other reasons for the specially designed programs for ELL students.

• Students will have a preliminary understanding which students these programs are designed for.

• Students will have a general idea of why special programs for ELLs are needed.

READINGS (to be read for next class session)

Crawford, J. (2004). Ch. 4: A Forgotten Legacy. Educating English Learners: Language Diversity in the Classroom. Pp. 80-104.

This chapter discusses bilingualism in colonial America, no official tongue, annexing diversity, 19th century bilingual schooling, Americanization campaigns, ‘new’ immigrants, controlling conquered peoples, language restrictionism, Meyer v. Nebraska, ‘civilizing’ the Indian, Spanish language rights, ‘cultural deprivation’ era, and the rebirth of bilingual education.

Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2008). Ch. 1: English Language Learners in School. Reading, Writing, & Learning in ESL. Pp. 1-32.

This chapter discusses the concerns of teachers when they first encounter students who are new to English in their classrooms. The chapter covers such issues as how cultural differences affect teaching and learning, how to become an effective participant observer in your own classroom, and “who am I” in the lives of my students, etc.

RECOMMENDED

Addelson-Rodriguez, N. (2000). All English Language Learners are Capable of learning to high standards if optimal teaching and a supportive environment are provided. In A. Walqui-van Lier & Hernández, A. (Eds.), A scaffold for change: Professional development for teachers of English language learners. (pp. 28-39) San Diego County Office of Education.

URL: < >

This article discusses various principles for the instruction of English Language Learners. Twelve principles are presented that cover various aspects of quality programs for ELLs with anecdotal examples of student learning.

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class Time: Bilingual Education and our Personal Experiences with English language learners and as language learners.

• Case Study Focus: Gathering Demographic Data and identifying local definitions.

• View Video: “Why Education for Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework.”

Unit 3 Part I

Theoretical Foundations of Language Acquisition:

Language Proficiency and the Dimensions of Language -

Conversational and Academic Language

Week 3

INTRODUCTION

This unit will focus your studies on first and second language learning theories, notions of language and the relationship to school achievement and on what is meant by language proficiency.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Students will be able to discuss various first and second language learning theories.

• Students will be able to converse about language and it’s relationship to school achievement.

• Students will have a preliminary understanding of what is meant by language proficiency.

READINGS (to be read for next class session)

Cummins, J. (2005). Teaching the Language of Academic Success: A Framework for School-Based Language Policies. In: Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework (3rd edition). pp. 3-32.

This chapter provides a framework for understanding how the interactions that bilingual students experience in schools can create the conditions for academic success or failure. Among the relevant linguistic and cognitive issues are the nature of language proficiency and its relationship to the development of reading abilities, the effects of bilingualism on cognitive and educational development, and the relationship between students’ first and second languages.

Brown, D.H. (2007). First Language Acquisition. In the Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, pp. 24-51.

In this chapter, Professor Brown discusses theories of first language acquisition and the various methodology that has come from these theories such as behavioral approaches, the Nativist Approach, Functional Approaches, etc. He, then, continues with the discussion of issues in first language acquisition, such as competence and performance, comprehension and production, universals, practice, frequency, and more.

RECOMMENDED

Cummins, J. Language Proficiency, Bilingualism, and Academic Achievement.

In: Richard-Amato, & Snow (1992). The Multicultural Classroom: Readings for Content-Area Teachers. Pp. 16-26.

In this chapter, Dr. Cummins proposes a distinction between two levels of language proficiency: surface-level conversational proficiency and the deeper level of cognitive academic language proficiency. This distinction has far-reaching implications for both teaching and testing and is an important consideration for content-area instruction.

King, K. & Fogle, L. (2006). Raising Bilingual Children: Common Parental Concerns and Current Research. Center for Applied Linguistics.

URL: < >

The purpose of this digest is to help pediatricians, speech language pathologists, classroom teachers, and other professionals who work with bilingual children and their parents understand common parental concerns related to bilingual childrearing and become familiar with the current science on bilingual child development. Greater insight into both issues will allow these professionals to provide more effective and scientifically sound advice to parents.

Snow, M.A. (2005). Primary Language Instruction: A Bridge to English Language Development. In: Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework (3rd edition). pp. 119-160.

This chapter makes a case for the use of the primary language in the schooling of English language learners by exploring relevant research in the second language acquisition and language education literature and suggests ways in which teachers can support the use of the primary language while their students are developing their English language skills.

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class Time: Discuss unit 3 readings and video, “Why Education for Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework.”

• Video Lecture – What is meant by language proficiency?

• Small group forum: What is meant by language proficiency? James Cummins suggest that in order to assess the role of language minority student’s primary language in the acquisition of English Academic skills, it is necessary to consider two questions:

1) What is meant by language proficiency? and

2) What are the cross-lingual dimensions of language proficiency? In other words how does the development of proficiency in L1 relate to the development of L2 proficiency?

Post an initial forum entry that shares your response to the 2 questions above and

respond to at least 2 classmates postings.

Unit 3 Part II

Theoretical Foundations of Language Acquisition Continues: Conceptualizing Bilingual Proficiency - What does it mean? What are the implications?

Week 4

INTRODUCTION

In this part of the unit, candidates will continue their study of language learning theory. The discussions in this unit will help candidates distinguish between two levels of language proficiency: the surface-level conversational proficiency and the deeper level of cognitive academic language proficiency. Candidates will expand their understanding of language learning through discussion of the common cross-lingual dimensions of bilingual language proficiency. Candidates will explore the interdependence or common underlying proficiency principle and look at how an understanding of one language can promote the development of proficiency underlying another language.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Students will be able to discuss the cross-lingual dimensions of language proficiency for those who speak two languages.

• Students will have an understanding of how various types of programs or practice can influence the success of ELL students.

• Students will have a preliminary understanding of important factors that indicate potential for success in these programs such as age and length of residency.

READINGS (to be read for next class session)

Krashen, S. (2005). Bilingual Education and Second Language Acquisition Theory. In: Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework. pp. 33-61.

The chapter describes the various issues, and points of contention about bilingual education. It reviews what is known today about the process of second language acquisition and, then, shows how research in bilingualism and bilingual education helps to resolve some of the issues facing parents and educators today.

Crawford, J. (2004). Ch. 8. Basic Research on Language Acquisition. Educating English Learners: Language Diversity in the Classroom. pp. 182-212.

This chapter focuses on language-learning methodologies, the Chomskyan revolution and the critical period hypothesis, the input hypothesis, interdependence hypothesis, BICS and CALP, the threshold hypothesis, empowering minority students, the notion of ‘semilingualism’ and deficit models, challenge to BICS/CALP distinction and Krashen’s critics, and cognitive effects of bilingualism.

Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2008). Ch 2: Second Language Acquisition. Reading, Writing, & Learning in ESL. pp. 33-71.

In this chapter, the authors describe theories about how people acquire a second language, focusing on children and young people learning English in school. The chapter helps to define language proficiency and communicative competence. The chapter also discusses how language can function as a symbol and instrument of power, social, standing, and personal identity. Overall, it contributes to the discussion on the social, emotional, cultural, and educational factors that influence English Language Learners acquisition experience in school.

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class Time: What is meant by language proficiency? Unpacking the ELD standards.

• View Video Lecture – What are the cross-lingual dimensions of language proficiency?

• CASE STUDY ABSTRACT DUE!

• Case Study Focus: Informal Observations- language proficiency and academic achievement. “What does it means to be proficient in a language on your campus (or case study location)? What are the indicators (i.e., success on a standardized test, oral proficiency, ability to write an essay)? In other words, how does your school context define language proficiency? Compare your school's expectations with your own expectations as an educator. Which of these week's readings supports your beliefs about language proficiency?

Unit 4 Part I

Second Language Acquisition Theory

Week 5

INTRODUCTION

In this unit candidates continue their study of language learning theories and language acquisition and learning issues in the classroom related to bilingual and English as a second language. Candidates will build their understanding of bilingual education programs, comparison of submersion and immersion programs, age factors in second language acquisition, and language learning hypothesis.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Students will be able to discuss some of the aspects of second language learning theory.

• Students will be able to reflect on their own language learning experiences through the lens of this language learning theory.

• Students will have a preliminary understanding of how these theories can influence their

own instructional planning and practice.

READINGS (to be read for Week 6 Class session)

Hakuta, K. Butler, Y. & Witt, D. (2000). How Long does it take English Learners to attain proficiency? The University of California Linguistic Minority Research Institute Policy Report 2000- 1.

URL:

One of the most commonly asked questions about the education of language minority students is how long they need special services, such as English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) and bilingual education. This study reports on data from four different school districts to draw conclusions on how long it takes students to develop oral and academic English proficiency.

Collier, Virginia P. (1995). Acquiring A Second Language For School. This short publication is written to guide the reader through the substantial research knowledge base that the field has developed over the past 25 years.

URL:

This short publication is written to guide the reader through the substantial research knowledge base that the field has developed over the past 25 years. The conceptual model that has emerged from the author’s research helps to explain many complex interacting factors that the school child experiences when acquiring a second language during the school years, especially when that second language is used in school for instructional purposes across the curriculum.

Cummins, J. & Genzuk, M. (1991). Analysis of final report: Longitudinal study of structured English immersion strategy, early exit and late-exit transitional bilingual education programs for language-minority children (Internet article) from the Center for Multilingual, Multicultural Research, University of Southern California.

URL: < >

This analysis reports on the final report of a longitudinal study of structured English immersion strategy, early exit, and late-exit transitional bilingual education programs for ELL students. It summarizes that, although the report may not have provided definitive answers to all the questions concerning the education of Latino children, it has achieved at least two important outcomes: it has demonstrated that sustained promotion of children's primary language can be an effective route both to academic excellence and literacy in two languages; second, it has refuted the notion that intensive exposure to English is the best way of teaching language minority children.

RECOMMENDED

Crawford, J. (2004). Ch. 12. Two-Way Bilingualism. Educating English Learners: Language Diversity in the Classroom. pp. 286-309.

This chapter addresses costs of Monolingualism, impetus for two-way programs, the Oyster experiment, Federal and State policies, criteria for effectiveness. 90/10 model, 50/50 model, research questions, grounds for optimism, and power relationships.

Thomas, W. P. & Collier, V. P. (2003). A National Study of School Effectiveness for Language Minority Students' Long-Term Academic Achievement Final Report:

URL: < >

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class Time: TV project presentations

• View video: Go to Find BROWSE FILMS BY ISSUE box (right-hand side); click on immigration tab; click on immersion video. After viewing the video write a personal reflection where you make connections between the video and relevant aspects of the class covered to date. Be prepared to discuss your reflection during class time next week. This assignment is ungraded but must be completed prior to class time and will impact your class time grade in week 6 if you are not prepared to discuss the video and your reactions.

• TV PROJECT DUE!

Unit 4 Part II

Second Language Acquisition Theory

Week 6

INTRODUCTION

Language learning theories (cont.). Language acquisition and learning issues in the classroom related to bilingual and English as a second language. Bilingual education programs, comparison of English immersion, early-exit, and late-exit programs, age and residency factors in second language acquisition, length of time required to acquire a second language, and language learning hypothesis are continued.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Discuss second language learning theory in the context of Krashen’s 5 hypothesis on second language learning.

• Be able to apply elements this theory to your observations and analysis of your field observations.

READINGS (to be read for next class session)

You are to read and respond to the Group Forum Posts and view Graphic Organizers posted for this weeks assignments.

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class time-Discuss immersion video, connect to class readings and ethnographic case study

• Live Session and Forum Discussion: Each group/team will be responsible for reviewing, analyzing, and posting a graphic organizer on one of the two readings (Hakuta, or Collier) required for this week’s class (Week 6). The brief Genzuk & Cummins article should also be used to supplement your Group’s assigned article. (Your group has been assigned one of the articles by the professor). Come together as a group and discuss your assigned article and how you will organize your thinking through a graphic organizer. You should engage in this initial discussion through a live session on 2sc. Assign 1 group member to set up the live session and another to post your final graphic organizer to this week’s Group Forum. Each student is expected to review the posts in all forums and respond at least once to a Forum on the Hakuta article, and once to a Forum on the Collier article.

Each group is to discuss their posted written reflections with the rest of the class during class time next week.

• Case Study Focus: Conducting interviews (student, family, teacher, support personnel, etc.)

Unit 5

Application of Theory into Practice: Programs and Outcomes

Week 7

INTRODUCTION

Sociocultural factors in teaching language minority students. Emphasis is placed on the study of diverse cultural patterns among families and appropriate mechanisms for involving all families in the school program. This class will emphasize the self-examination and evaluation of attitudes towards people of different cultures and ethnic backgrounds.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Students can recognize and discuss the various language learning theories as they apply to their observations in the field (through synthesis, analysis, and evaluation of how they are, or not applied from the theory into practice).

READINGS (to be read for next class session)

North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, NCREL. (1994). Funds of knowledge: A look at Luis Moll’s research into hidden family resources. CITYSCHOOLS, 1(1), 19-21. Retrieved from:

URL:

Moll contends “that existing classroom practices underestimate and constrain what Latino and other children are able to display intellectually.” He believes the secret to literacy instruction is for schools to investigate and tap into the ‘hidden’ home and community resources of their students. This article points out that his research calls the “deficit model” of student assessment into serious question.

U.S. Department of Education (1995). Model Strategies in Bilingual Education: Professional Development - 1995 Funds of Knowledge for Teaching. Office of Bilingual Education and Minority Language Affairs. Washington D.C.

URL:

This report illustrates research-supported principles of professional development with the experiences of communities of scholars, practitioners, and teacher aspirants at selected sites. From the project described in this report educators can learn much about how to develop a highly qualified instructional workforce for language minority students through the use of Funds of Knowledge techniques.

RECOMMENDED

Cummins, J. (1995). Negotiating Identities: Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society.

Banks, J.A. The Stages of Ethnicity. In: Richard-Amato, & Snow (1992). The Multicultural Classroom: Readings for Content-Area Teachers. pp. 93-101.

In this chapter, Professor James Banks from the University of Washington discusses the stages of ethnic identity and their curricular implications.

Heath, S.B. Sociocultural Contexts of Language Development: Implications for the Classroom. In: Richard-Amato, & Snow (1992). The Multicultural Classroom: Readings for Content-Area Teachers. pp. 102-125.

In this chapter, Dr. Brice Heath broadens the scope of our investigation by comparing the types of language used in school with those of the homes and communities of language minority students.

Scarcella, R. Providing Culturally Sensitive Feedback. In: Richard-Amato, & Snow (1992). The Multicultural Classroom: Readings for Content-Area Teachers. pp. 126-141.

In this chapter, Robin Scarcella provides many helpful tips for giving culturally sensitive feedback in the content-area classroom.

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class Time: Discuss Collier and Hakuta readings and graphic organizers

• View video: Krashen’s Theory of Second Language Acquisition

• Case Study Focus: Think about Krashen’s 5 hypotheses. How have you seen them represented in your case study classroom? How have they impacted your case study student’s language development and academic achievement?

Unit 6

Socio-cultural Theory of Language and Learning –

Tapping into Community Funds of Knowledge

Week 8

INTRODUCTION

Socio-cultural factors in teaching language minority students will now be highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the study of diverse cultural patterns among families and appropriate mechanisms for involving families and community in the school program. This unit will emphasize the self-examination and evaluation of attitudes towards people of different cultural, ethnic, and linguistic backgrounds including review of topical issues confronting educators of language minority populations and an introduction to Funds of Knowledge Teaching. This will provide focus on the techniques and theories that teachers can adopt in an attempt to tap into the “funds of knowledge” that are present within their students’ households and communities.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Students can discuss some of the basic sociocultural factors in the teaching of language minority students.

• Students can identify and discuss various cultural patterns among families and communities that schools serve.

• Students can discuss “Funds of Knowledge” as a concept.

• Students can recognize, discuss, and prescribe effective interventions such as Funds of Knowledge teaching for students .

NOTE: There will be no formal Class Time this week to allow all groups to hold Student Hosted Study Groups and fully participate in Group Forum Discussions.

ASSIGNMENT

• Case Study Office Hours

• View Video- Sociocultural Factors in the Education of Language Minority Students and Tapping into Community Funds of Knowledge

• Complete the culture in the home and culture in school documents: come prepared to discuss them during class time next week.

• Case Study Draft Due

Unit 7 Part 1

Models of Teaching English as a New Language

Week 9

INTRODUCTION

The focus on sociocultural factors in teaching language minority students is brought to a conclusion. Methods and strategies for taking field notes, gathering field notes, and providing comprehensible instruction are highlighted to inform instructional planning and practice.

Overview of methods: Communicative and grammar based approaches to second language acquisition are introduced. Differences in theory, procedures, techniques, methods, and approaches are covered including: Grammar-translation approach; direct method (approach); the Concurrent Translation approach; Reading approach; Audio-lingual approach; Cognitive approach, Total Physical Response method, the Natural approach; Suggestology; the Silent Way; Confluent education method, Community language learning.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES FOR THE WEEK

• Highlight methods and strategies for taking field notes, gathering qualitative data, and providing comprehensible instruction to inform instructional planning and practice (via TV Project)

• Provide an overview of grammar-based approaches to second language learning.

• Discuss historical perspectives of second language learning theories, approaches, and methods.

READINGS (to be read for next class session)

Crawford, A.N. (2005). Communicative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition. In Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework (3rd edition), pp. 65-117.

In this chapter, Dr. Crawford links the constructivist paradigm to communicative approaches to second language acquisition and to related instructional strategies for English language learners. Access to core curriculum through specially designed academic instruction in English (SDAIE) is highlighted.

Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2008). Ch. 4: Oral Language Development in Second Language Acquisition. Reading, Writing, & Learning in ESL. pp. 115-151.

In this chapter, the authors discuss oral language development and its relationship to literacy and academic development. Suggestions are provided for promoting and assessing oral language development in second language acquisition.

RECOMMENDED

Galloway, A.(1993). Communicative Language Teaching: An Introduction and Sample Activities. (Internet Article) Center for Applied Linguistics.

URL: < >

This digest takes a look at the communicative approach to the teaching of foreign languages. It acts as an introduction to the communicative approach for teachers and teachers-in-training who want to provide opportunities in the classroom for their students to engage in real-life communication in the target language. Examples of exercises that can be used with a communicative approach are described, and sources of appropriate materials are provided.

Krashen, S. & Terrell, T.D. (1983). The Natural Approach. Haywood, CA: The Alemany Press.

This book is derived from the empirically grounded theory of second language acquisition for which Krashen is famous. It’s objective is to translate theory into practice, and the two authors have done so by adapting a variety of situations and modifications to teaching for the teacher of diverse student populations. A wonderful example of communicative language teaching.

Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching (2nd edition). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

This book surveys the major approaches and methods in language teaching such as grammar translation, audiolingualism, communicative language teaching, and the natural approach. The book examines each approach in terms of its theory of language and language learning, goals, syllabus, teaching activities, teacher and learner roles, materials and classroom techniques. It also contains coverage of whole language, multiple intelligences, neurolinguistic programming, the lexical approach, competency-based language teaching, cooperative language learning, context-based instruction, task-based language teaching and the post methods era

ASSIGNMENTS

• Class Time: Discuss the impact of socio-cultural learning theory and funds of knowledge on second language acquisition. Be prepared to discuss your culture in the home and school documents

• Case Study Focus– Socio-cultural learning theory and second language acquisition

Unit 7 Part 2

Models for Teaching English as a New Language

Week 10

INTRODUCTION

This unit will focus on the following: Overview of methods. Communicative and grammar based approaches to second language acquisition. Difference in theory, procedures, techniques, methods, and approaches. Grammar-translation approach; direct method (approach); the Concurrent Translation approach; Reading approach; Audio-lingual approach; Cognitive approach, Total Physical Response method, the Natural approach; Suggestology; the Silent Way; Confluent education method, Community language learning.

LEARNING OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES

• Provide an overview of the grammar based approaches to second language learning

• Discuss historical perspectives of second language learning theories, approaches, and methods.

NOTE: Your next class will be held in your EDUC 543-B sections.

REQUIRED READINGS (to be read for first session of EDUC 543-B)

Wong Filmore, L. & Snow, C. (2002). What teachers need to know about language. In C.T. Adger, C.E. Snow, & D. Christian (Eds). What teachers need to know about language (pp. 7-43). Delta Systems Co., Inc, and the Center for Applied Linguistics.

The two distinguished authors, from U.C. Berkeley and Harvard respectively, discuss the need for teachers to be able to access the wide range of information to function well in the classroom. The competencies required by the various state certification standards add up to a very long list for teachers to acquire. This article addresses the challenge of providing excellent new teacher preparation and ongoing professional development for teachers for immigrant and limited-English proficient students. The topic is very well covered in this chapter.

URL: < >

Dutro, S. and Moran, C. (2003). Rethinking English language instruction: An architectural approach. In G. Garcia (Ed.) English learners: Reaching the highest level of English literacy pp. 227-258. International Reading Association, Newark, Delaware.

This chapter presents an approach for rethinking English language instruction using an architectural metaphor. The authors lay out a blueprint for infusing English language development (ELD) throughout the instructional program, and describe the design features and general instructional principles that underpin high-quality, rigorous second-language teaching.

RECOMMENDED READINGS

Haas, M. (2000). Thematic, Communicative Language Teaching in the K-8 Classroom.

URL: < >

This brief digest suggests that foreign language instruction for children can be enriched when teachers use thematic units that focus on content-area information, engage students in activities in which they must think critically, and provide opportunities for students to use the target language in meaningful contexts and in new and complex ways. The national standards for foreign language teaching and learning support this approach to language instruction.

Kerper-Mora, J. Principles of L2 teaching methods and approaches

URL: < >

This online piece provides useful descriptions of the basic principles and procedures of the most recognized methods for teaching a second or foreign language including: Grammar-Translation Approach, Direct Approach, Reading Approach, Audiolingual Method, Community Language Learning, The Silent Way, Communicative Approach--Functional-Notional , and Asher’s Total Physical Response Approach.

Asher, J. What is TPR?

URL:

This article provides you with the basic concepts and philosophy of this superb approach for beginning language students, and will also answer some of the questions most frequently asked by teachers and administrators.

Assignments

Class Time- Preparing for EDUC543B

Course Evaluation

Getting Ready for EDUC 543-B

Prior to beginning EDUC 543 Part B candidates must complete the assignments below:

Reading Review

These reading assignments were required in Part A of this course. Please review these prior to Week 1.

Crawford, A.N. (2005). Communicative Approaches to Second Language Acquisition. In Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework (3rd edition), pp. 65-117.

Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2008). Ch. 4: Oral Language Development in Second Language Acquisition. Reading, Writing, & Learning in ESL. pp. 115-151.

Required Reading

These reading assignments are new and should be completed prior to your first Class Time session in Part B – Week 1.

Wong Filmore, L. & Snow, C. (2002). What teachers need to know about language. In C.T. Adger, C.E. Snow, & D. Christian (Eds). What teachers need to know about language (pp. 7-43). Delta Systems Co., Inc, and the Center for Applied Linguistics.

URL:

Dutro, S. and Moran, C. (2003). Rethinking English language instruction: An architectural approach. In G. Garcia (Ed.) English learners: Reaching the highest level of English literacy pp. 227-258. International Reading Association, Neward, Delaware.

Preparing for EDU 543 – Part B

The following assignments found in EDU 543 A must be completed prior to your first Class Time session in Part B of this course.

1. Review the Power Point/video on Grammar Based vs. Communicative Language Teaching. Be prepared to discuss your own language learning experiences.

2. Case Study Focus: What have you seen in your fieldwork placement? Have you seen any of the approaches or methods discussed in the assigned readings or lecture for this week? Describe what you have observed. Connect these observations to the content of this week’s topic. Can you make any connection to the theory we have covered class? Put them in your Case Study portfolios.

3. Be ready to share your own second language learning experience in a Break-out-Group in your new class. Did you have much conversational experience or did you spend your time primarily on grammar exercises? Recall and share the kind of exercises you remember and your reaction to them. Prepare to share with your classmates in Unit 1 of 543-B.

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