Health and Safety in the Child Care Setting

[Pages:171]Health and Safety in the Child Care Setting:

Prevention of Infectious Disease

A Curriculum for the Training of Child Care Providers

Module 1

Second Edition

Health and Safety in the Child Care Setting:

Prevention of Infectious Disease

A Curriculum for the Training of Child Care Providers

Module 1

Second Edition

Developed by The California Child Care Health Program 1322 Webster Street, Suite 402 ? Oakland, CA 94612-3218 (510) 839-1195 Funded by a grant from The California Department of Education, Child Development Division June 1998

Editorial Staff

A. Rahman Zamani, MD, MPH Judy Calder, RN, MPH Adena Cohen, MPH

Bardy Anderson, Graphic Artist Sara Evinger, Editorial Assistant Designed and edited by e.g. communications Photography by Jennifer Cheek Pantaleon and Joe Sanberg Cover photo by Jennifer Cheek Pantaleon

In addition, we want to thank the staff and board members of the California Child Care Health Program

for their support, ideas and patience during this labor of love.

The California Child Care Health Program is a community-oriented, multidisciplinary team dedicated to enhancing the quality of child care for California's children by initializing and strengthening linkages among the

health, safety and child care communities and the families they serve.

This curriculum was revised March 2001

Acknowledgments

Lynn Anderson, Policy Analyst California Department of Social Services

Community Care Licensing Division

Betty Bassoff, DSW, Consultant California Child Care Health Program

Luci Chaidez, Day Care Program Analyst Emergency Medical Services Authority

Lyn Dailey, PHN, Child Care Health Consultant California Child Care Health Program

Sandra Edelbrock, Coordinator Children's Services Unit

Riverside County Office of Education

Gail Gonzalez, RN Child Care Health Consultant California Child Care Health Program

Diane Hinds, Coordinator Child Development Center, Citrus College

Glendora, CA

Roberta Larson, RDH, MPH Children's Dental Health Consultant California Department of Health Services

Pamela Murphy, Coordinator Child Development, Children's Services Unit Riverside County Office of Education

Pamm Shaw, MS, Child Care Health Consultant California Child Care Health Program

Marsha Sherman, MA, MFCC, Director California Child Care Health Program

Karen Sokal-Gutierrez, MD, MPH The Center for Health Training San Francisco, CA

Rick Tobin, Coordinator of Emergency Services Governor's Office of Emergency Services Planning and Technological Assistance Branch

Some materials in this manual were adapted from materials obtained from the following organizations:

American Public Health Association and American Academy of Pediatrics under a grant from the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration. Caring for Our Children--National Health and Safety Performance Standards: Guidelines for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs. Washington, DC: APHA & APA, due to be published 2001.

American Academy of Pediatrics. 2000 Red Book: Report of the Committee on Infectious Disease. 25th Ed. Elk Grove Village, Il.

The California Department of Education and The Center for Health Training. Keeping Kids Healthy--Preventing and Managing Communicable Disease in Child Care. San Francisco, CA, 1995.

Canadian Paediatric Society. Well Beings: A Guide to Promote the Physical Health, Safety and Emotional Well Being of Children in Child Care Centres and Family Day Care Homes. Ontario: Creative Premises Ltd., 1992.

Department of Health and Human Services, U.S. Public Health Service, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The ABCs of Safe and Healthy Child Care: A Handbook for Child Care Providers, 1996.

Shapiro Kendrick, A., Kaufmann, R. and Messenger, K.P., eds. Healthy Young Children. Washington, DC: National Association for the Education of Young Children, 1995.

Department of Health and Human Services, Immunization Branch. California Immunization Handbook For Schools and Child Care Programs. Berkeley, CA, 1999.

Table of Contents

About the Curriculum ............................................................................................................................... 1 Trainer's Guide ........................................................................................................................................... 2 How to Use this Module ........................................................................................................................... 3 Important Topics to Cover ........................................................................................................................ 5

Section 1: Understanding the Spread of Disease ? Understanding the Spread of Disease ......................................................................................... 8

Section 2: Preventive Health Practices ? The Daily Morning Health Check ............................................................................................. 16 ? Universal Precautions ................................................................................................................. 19 ? Hand Washing .............................................................................................................................. 21 ? Cleaning and Disinfecting .......................................................................................................... 26 ? Disposable Gloves ....................................................................................................................... 35 ? Disposal of Garbage .................................................................................................................... 38 ? Diapering/Toileting .................................................................................................................... 40 ? Food Safety and Infant Feeding ................................................................................................. 47 ? Oral Hygiene ................................................................................................................................ 55 ? Open Space and Air Quality ...................................................................................................... 58 ? Water Supply ................................................................................................................................ 60 ? Other Issues Related to a Healthy Environment ..................................................................... 62

Section 3: Preventive Health Policies ? Health and Safety Policies .......................................................................................................... 68 ? Health History and Immunization Policy for Children ......................................................... 72 ? Health History, Immunization and Preventive Health Needs of Providers ....................... 75 ? Keeping Health Records ............................................................................................................. 79 ? Exclusion for Illness ..................................................................................................................... 81 ? Caring for Children with Mild Illness ...................................................................................... 87 ? Medications Administration Policy .......................................................................................... 90 ? Communication about Illness in Child Care ........................................................................... 94 ? Children with Special Needs ...................................................................................................... 97 ? Emergency Illness and Procedures .......................................................................................... 100

Section 4: Appendices ? Appendix A: Resources ? Appendix B: Forms/Records/Lists ? Appendix C: Information on Specific Diseases ? Appendix D: Bibliography

Introduction

About the Curriculum

This curriculum was first published in June 1998 to be used by a qualified health and safety trainer to fulfill part of the learning needs and licensing requirements of child care providers (Health and Safety Code, Section 1596.866) in California.

The core content of the Health and Safety training (excluding pediatric CPR and First Aid) is arranged into the following two modules:

Module I Module II

Prevention of Infectious Disease Injury Prevention

Each module stands on its own and has its own educational objectives and handouts. Depending on the specific requirements (seven-hour version or broader version), a smaller or larger number of learning objectives can be selected and the sequence of modules changed, or the objectives may be modified. Contents of the curriculum and handouts are in agreement with the current child care licensing regulations in California.

This second and updated edition of Module I, "Prevention of Infectious Disease," covers the content of the Emergency Medical Services Authority Child Care 7 Hours Preventive Health and Safety Training Course and will provide information and guidance on how to control communicable and infectious disease in the child care setting. It also reflects current changes in the National Health and Safety Performance Standards for Out-of-Home Child Care Programs and new information on infectious disease.

By using this module, trainers and child care health consultants will be able to:

1. Increase awareness of the ways illnesses are spread in the child care setting and how to reduce this spread.

2. Encourage providers to accept responsibility for preventing the spread of disease in their child care setting.

3. Assist providers in establishing, developing and promoting written policies regarding health and safety in their child care setting.

4. Help providers to understand and follow universal precautions and other preventive health practices. 5. Provide materials that can be used as resources for child care providers as well as parents. 6. Connect child care providers with local health and safety resources. 7. Help child care providers understand how to protect themselves against exposure to infectious

diseases including HIV/AIDS, CMV, and hepatitis B and C.

Prevention of Infectious Disease

1

Introduction

Trainer's Guide

Target Audience: Group Size: Who Can Train? Materials Needed:

Length of Training:

Child care providers

15 to 20 (ideal)

Experienced health and safety trainers, child care health consultants, and other registered nurses or licensed physicians with professional experience in infection control and child care knowledge and certification by the Emergency Medical Services Authority

Handouts and overheads. The handouts, overheads and charts in this curriculum can be copied onto transparencies or copied for handouts to the students. VCR and monitor (if showing video) Overhead projector (if using transparencies) Glo-GermTM kit Disposable gloves Flip chart/chalkboard/whiteboard

Four to seven hours. Current California child care regulations require 15 hours of health and safety training--eight hours for CPR and First Aid and seven for prevention of infectious disease and injuries. The training in prevention of infectious disease is estimated to be four hours. This curriculum is designed to assist the trainer in meeting the requirement and in providing sufficient information and resources to broaden the training to seven hours or more. The amount and focus of material selected is to be determined by the trainer.

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California Child Care Health Program

Introduction

How to Use This Module

The target audience for this module is the child care community. This module is simple to use, and the subject can be taught easily through instructions and suggestions provided in the trainer sheets.

The module is divided into 5 sections:

? Section I: Understanding the Spread of Disease ? Section II: Preventive Health Practices ? Section III: Preventive Health Policies ? Section IV: Appendices

There is a trainer sheet at the beginning of each topic which covers goal/rationale, learning objectives, methods (learning strategies) to be used, materials and equipment required, and training time for each topic or section.

All handouts and overheads can be copied and distributed to participants. Some can be used as posters.

Providers with questions on child health issues are encouraged to contact the Child Care Healthline at (800) 333-3212, or their county child care health consultant or health department.

Including Parents in Creating a Healthy Environment

Parents are the primary teachers and role models for young children. When parents are asked what is the most important thing they look for when seeking child care, a healthy and safe environment is at the top of the list. With this in mind, child care providers must include parents in their efforts to create healthy environments and teach healthy habits to the children in their child care program

The child care providers enrolled in the health and safety class may be new providers or experienced providers who are taking the course for the first time or repeating the class to refresh their knowledge and assure they are up-todate. Whatever their knowledge level is, they must be encouraged to communicate all health and safety messages in the curriculum to parents.

Prevention of Infectious Disease

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