Overview Human Development Report 2019

Overview

Human Development Report 2019

Empowered lives.

Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Resilientnations. Inequalities in human development in the 21st century

The 2019 Human Development Report is the latest in the series of global Human Development Reports published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) since 1990 as independent, analytically and empirically grounded discussions of major development issues, trends and policies.

Additional resources related to the 2019 Human Development Report can be found online at , including digital versions and translations of the Report and the overview in more than 10 languages, an interactive web version of the Report, a set of background papers and think pieces commissioned for the Report, interactive data visualizations and databases of human development indicators, full explanations of the sources and methodologies used in the Report's composite indices, country profiles and other background materials as well as previous global, regional and national Human Development Reports. Corrections and addenda are also available online.

The cover conveys the inequalities in human development of a changing world. The dots in different colors represent the complex and multidimensional nature of these inequalities. The shadow of the climate crisis and sweeping technological change, evoked by the color of the cover background that suggests heat, will shape progress in human development in the 21st century.

Copyright @ 2019 By the United Nations Development Programme 1 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission.

General disclaimers. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Human Development Report Office (HDRO) of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement.

The findings, analysis, and recommendations of this Report, as with previous Reports, do not represent the official position of the UNDP or of any of the UN Member States that are part of its Executive Board. They are also not necessarily endorsed by those mentioned in the acknowledgments or cited.

The mention of specific companies does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by UNDP in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.

Where indicated, some figures in the analytical part of the Report were estimated by the HDRO or other contributors and are not necessarily the official statistics of the concerned country, area or territory, which may be based on alternative methods. All the figures used to calculate the human development composite indices are from official sources. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the HDRO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.

The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the HDRO and UNDP be liable for damages arising from its use.

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Overview

Human Development Report 2019

Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century

Empowered lives. Resilient nations.

Published for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Human Development Report 2019 Team

Director and lead author

Pedro Concei??o

Research and statistics

Jacob Assa, Cecilia Calderon, George Ronald Gray, Nergis Gulasan, Yu-Chieh Hsu, Milorad Kovacevic, Christina Lengfelder, Brian Lutz, Tanni Mukhopadhyay, Shivani Nayyar, Thangavel Palanivel, Carolina Rivera and Heriberto Tapia

Production, communications, operations

Botagoz Abdreyeva, Oscar Bernal, Andrea Davis, Rezarta Godo, Jon Hall, Seockhwan Bryce Hwang, Admir Jahic, Fe Juarez Shanahan, Sarantuya Mend, Anna Ortubia, Yumna Rathore, Dharshani Seneviratne, Elodie Turchi and Nu Nu Win

External contributors

Chapter 3 (by the World Inequality Lab): Lucas Chancel, Denis Cogneau, Amory Gethin, Alix Myczkowski and Thomas Piketty Boxes and spotlights: Elizabeth Anderson, Michelle Bachelet, Bas van Bavel, David Coady, James Foster, Nora Lustig and Ben Philips

ii | HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2019

HANGING. PROVING. ELIFVoreEwoRrdING.

The wave of demonstrations sweeping across further entrench inequalities and consolidate

countries is a clear sign that, for all our pro- the power and political dominance of the few.

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rising frustration with inequalities.

to prevent inequalities can follow the lifecycle.

change forUtnhdeerUstnanitdeindgNhoawtiotonsa,dwdreess todInay'2s 0di1s8- , weFrdomemproen?slatbraouter dmatrhkeattinwveestmareentsuinpthtoe

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Averages and Beyond Today," as this Human and post?labour market investments around

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nomics, fed and measured by the notion that

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life.

? even astrawneslatpeoinwtoeraelidfelUonNg inrevefostmrmentainnde,qunaoliwty,

and the fragility

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aNcoamtimonits-

of human

ess, we sparwotaagonneiswt owf athyisosftowroy:rkthinegpower of the development--to pushing the boundaries to

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developmenenontrrtme.nscehmedbeindtdeerdesdtse--epthweitshoicniaal annadti2opn0o'ls1i8toi,cradal isrutNopagtteiitnohngesrhwDoietwhvetlhwoepe1m7te0hncitnoPkurn,otigrnirevasmeasnmtde, ,tmewrarointrokarigineegs

group's history and culture.

and deliverwtoe saecrvcee.lerate sustainable development.

to Fiji, we saLwooakisnug rbgeeyoonfdintondoavy,athioen2019 Human Some 40 years ago the founding father of

people wDithevtehloepmseenrvtiRceepsotrht earytincueleatdes theTroisde aoyf ,a UNhDumPa'sn dmevieslsopiomnenht,aPsrofnesesovreAr mbaerteyanSeans,

new generation of inequalities.

asked a deceptively simple question: equality

of povertyJu, stshasatphienggapgionvbeasrincalnivcineg stancdlearadrs: iswe oafrwehahte? rHee taonswheerlepd wthiteh e17qu0alcsoimupnlitcriiteys:

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people in the world escaping poverty, hunger we aspire to.

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A new gap has opened, such as in tertiary understand why people take to the streets in

be n.

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considered critical to compete andlabbeloornagt,ionthoins jothurenejyooufrenxeplyo.ration with us over the past

pages ypaonauritniwccuriellaalrslisynegiennuasmkobnmeorweolfeodyogf eutnhegceopneoomplye,awreheedre- 12 months, and I encourage you to read on.

ts we achuiecavteedd, cionnn2e0ct1e8d.aTndhestyucrkewinit-h no ladder of

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failure to address these systemic challenges will

Achim SteAincehr im Steiner AUdnmiteindisNtAraatdtioomrnsinDisetvrealotpomr ent Programme

United Nations Development Programme

Foreword | iii

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