NC Farm School | NC State Extension



Chapter 5 In-Class Balance Sheet ExerciseThe Thomas family started “New Farms” a year ago. They have heard that you went through NC Farm School and they asked you for help in developing what their balance sheet should look like for their “New Farms”. You asked them to make a list of all the items that will need to be included on the balance sheet. The list of items you will need is as below.Date: January 15th, 2017Buildings and Improvements in Production (Pack House, Transplant Starter House, Deer Fence, etc.) : $14,0543 Acre Property value with farm in Production : $168,900House with 1 acre of land, Not in Production : $150,560Tractor with Implements : $10,540Cash Rollover from last year : $15,589Checking Account : $5,000Accounts Receivable : $4,000Real Estate (in Production) Debt that will come due beyond one year : $99,554Inventory (feed, fertilizer, chemicals, packaging, etc.) : $1,815Used Farm Truck : $5,000Tools and Equipment : $4,570Personal Vehicles, Not in Production : $36,000Operational Loan for the year with Interest : $5,225Tax (The business showed a loss in the first year. So, there will be no taxes owed) : $0(1) Use those items to develop their first balance sheet. You should make sure that only items related to production in “New Farms” are included in the balance sheet. That is, personal assets of the Thomas family do not need to go into the Farm Balance sheet because they are not being used in the production. (2) After you are done with developing the balance sheet, calculate some useful formulas and (3) analyze how their “New Farms” is doing financially.(1) Balance Sheet as of January 15th, 2017Current Assets :Current Liabilities :??Total Current Assets : _____________Total Current Liabilities : ____________?Fixed Assets :Long-Term Liabilities :?????Total Fixed Assets : _____________Total Long-Term Liabilities : ____________?TOTAL FARM ASSETS : _____________ TOTAL LIABILITIES : ____________ FARM NET WORTH : ___________________ (2) Analyze the Balance SheetWorking Capital (Current Assets – Current Liabilities) : __________________Current Ratio (Current Assets / Current Liabilities) : __________________Debt to Asset Ratio (Total Liabilities/Total Assets) : __________________Debt to Equity Ratio (Total Liabilities / Net Worth) : __________________(3) What can you say about the financial health of this “New Farms” (in terms of solvency and liquidity) based on the balance sheet? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________Explanation of AnalysisWorking CapitalWorking capital shows the excess amount of capital that a business would have at any point during the year. This number needs to be positive to show that the business has the ability to meet all obligations. This also allows you to measure how a business can absorb any problems, handle unforeseen expenses, or plan for growth that they may have during the year. Current RatioThis ratio says that for every X dollars of current assets you have one dollar of current liabilities. The ratio measures the ability to pay back the liabilities that would include payments that needed to be made in the next 12 months, short term. At the minimum this ratio needs to be 1:1 to ensure that the current liabilities can be paid. This is an overall measure of your ability to pay current liabilities when solely dependent on using cash assets or the cash flow of the business. If this ratio gets lower that 1:1 it would mean the business would be in danger of going out of business in the next year due to lack of cash if the situation does not change.Debt to Asset RatioThis ratio states that for every X dollars of total liabilities you have one dollar of total assets. This is similar to the current ratio only it is a long term measure of a business to pay its debts. The main difference is that this ratio includes total liabilities, which includes both debts that come due within a year and long term debts owed by a business, as well as total assets, which includes the cash assets of the business and capital equipment that could be converted to cash in an emergency if the business had to pay all its obligations. If this ratio higher than 40%, it means the business is “highly leveraged” and could fail to meet its payments on long term capital debt. The ideal ratio will depend on the interest rates of the loans, when they might come due.Debt to Equity RatioThis ratio states that for every X dollars of total liabilities you have one dollar of net worth. This shows the percentage of net worth that is being financed in comparison to all your holdings including items that may be used as collateral that a business may not directly own. A Lender could include your personal assets if they were being used to help finance your business. Another way to look at this ratio is that it is the measure of how much of your wealth is owned by the bank or investors. ................
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