Worksheet: Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions
Worksheet: Atoms, Isotopes, and Ions
Atoms
• The number of protons in an atom determines the identity of the atom. Atomic # = # Protons
• In a neutral atom, the number of positive protons equals the number of negative electrons. # Protons = # Electrons
• Protons and neutrons both have a mass of 1 amu. The mass of the electron is negligible compared to the mass of the proton and neutron. Thus the mass number, or the mass of the atom, is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons. Mass # = # Protons + # Neutrons
|Name |Symbol |Atomic # |Mass # |# Protons |# Neutrons |# Electrons |
|Selenium | | | | |46 | |
| | | |222 |86 | | |
| | | | | |118 |79 |
| | |11 | | |12 | |
Isotopes
• The number of neutrons in any specific type of atom can vary. Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons are called isotopes.
• Isotopes are distinguished from each other by including the mass number with the name or symbol.
|Name |Symbol |Atomic # |Mass # |# Protons |# Neutrons |# Electrons |
| |235U | | | | | |
| |238U | | | | | |
|Carbon-12 | | | | | | |
|Carbon-13 | | | | | | |
Ions
• As we have seen, in a neutral atom, the number of protons and the number of electrons is equal.
• Atoms can gain or lose electrons to become ions. Ions are charged atoms resulting from the difference in number of positive protons and negative electrons.
• A cation is a positive ion. A cation results when an atom loses electrons. # Protons > # Electrons
• An anion is a negative ion. An anion results when an atom gains electrons. # Electrons > # Protons
• Ions are distinguished from atoms by including the ion charge as a superscript in the symbol.
|Name |Symbol |Atomic # |Mass # |# Protons |# Neutrons |# Electrons |Cation or Anion? |
| |Al+3 | | | |14 | | |
|Iron | | |56 | | |24 | |
|ion | | | | | | | |
| | | | |15 |15 |18 | |
| |F-1 | |19 | | | | |
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