THE DIGITAL NEGATIVE

THEDIGITALNEGATIVE

Raw Image Processing in Lightroom, Camera Raw, and Photoshop

SECOND EDITION

JEFF SCHEWE

theDigitalNegative

Raw Image Processing in Lightroom, Camera Raw, and Photoshop

S eco nd Ed i t i o n

Jeff Schewe

Peachpit Press

The Digital Negative:

Raw Image Processing in Lightroom, Camera Raw, and Photoshop Second Edition

Jeff Schewe

Peachpit Press

To report errors, please send a note to errata@ Peachpit Press is a division of Pearson Education.

Copyright ? 2016 by Jeff Schewe All images copyright ? 2016 by Jeff Schewe

Project Editor: Valerie Witte Senior Production Editor: Lisa Brazieal Copy Editor: Anne Marie Walker Proofreader: Patricia Pane Composition: Kim Scott, Bumpy Design Indexer: Karin Arrigoni Cover and Interior Designer: Mimi Heft

Notice of Rights All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For information on getting permission for reprints and excerpts, contact permissions@.

Notice of Liability The information in this book is distributed on an "As Is" basis, without warranty. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of the book, neither the author nor Peachpit shall have any liability to any person or entity with respect to any loss, damage, or injury caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions contained in this book or by the computer software and hardware products described in it.

Trademarks Adobe, Adobe Bridge, Adobe Camera Raw, Lightroom, and Photoshop are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and Peachpit was aware of a trademark claim, the designations appear as requested by the owner of the trademark. All other product names and services identified throughout this book are used in editorial fashion only and for the benefit of such companies with no intention of infringement of the trademark. No such use, or the use of any trade name, is intended to convey endorsement or other affiliation with this book.

ISBN-13: 9780134033174 ISBN-10: 0134033175

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound in the United States of America

Dedicated to the lasting memory and substantial contributions of Bruce Fraser. Thanks, Bruce, from all of us.

Table of COntents

Introductionxi

JJchapter 1

What Is a Digital Negative? 3

Dissecting a Digital Negative

4

Raw Versus JPEG

27

Camera Sensor Types

5

Photographic Aspects

Attributes of a Digital Negative

7

of a Digital Negative

29

Linear capture

7

Shutter speed

30

Digital exposure

11

Lens aperture

31

ETTR

14

Lens aberrations

32

Sensor noise and ISO speed

17

Sensor resolution

35

Colorimetric interpretation

21

Metadata

24

Bit depth

25

JJchapter 2

Adobe Raw Image Processing: An Overview 39

The Genesis of Camera Raw The Genesis of Lightroom The Bridge, Camera Raw,

and Photoshop System

Bridge Camera Raw Photoshop

The Lightroom Way

40

The Relationship of Camera Raw

41

and Lightroom Versions

54

Color Management Between Lightroom,

45

Camera Raw, and Photoshop

55

45

DNG File Format

46

and DNG Converter

58

48

To DNG or not to DNG?

58

50

Adobe DNG Converter

59

JJchapter 3

Fundamentals of Lightroom and Camera Raw 65

Lightroom and Camera Raw Defaults

Lightroom and Camera Raw Functionality

The Histogram

Lightroom and Camera Raw Adjustment Panels

Basic panel Tone Curve panel HSL/Color/B&W panel Split Toning panel Detail panel Lens Corrections panel Effects panel Camera Calibration panel

Lightroom and Camera Raw Tools 115

66

Lightroom and Camera Raw Crop tools

117

Lightroom and Camera Raw Spot

69

Removal tools

120

Local adjustments in Lightroom and

70

Camera Raw

126

Merge to High Dynamic Range (HDR)

71

and Merge to Panorama in Lightroom

72

and Camera Raw

142

80

83

86

87

95

105

112

vi ?The Digital Negative

JJchapter 4

Advanced Raw Processing Using Lightroom or Camera Raw 153

Tone Mapping

Flat lighting High-contrast lighting Blown skies Inclement weather Underexposure Backlit subjects

Color Correction

White balance (global) White balance (local) Color curves Color split toning Color gradients HSL color correction Lens colorcast correction

154

Color to Black-and-White

154

Conversion

192

156

Adjusting the panchromatic response

193

160

Warm toning

196

163

Split toning

198

166

Cold toning and spot of color

201

170

Optimized black-and-white tone mapping 202

174

Color toning using color curves

204

174

Maximizing Image Detail

207

177

High-frequency edge sharpening

207

179

Low-frequency edge sharpening

213

181

Mixed-frequency edge sharpening

217

184

187

188

Table of COntents ? vii

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