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Obliterating Our Oceans: Evaluative Annotated BibliographyChasing Coral. Directed by Jeff Orlowski, Exposure Labs, 2016.Chasing Coral is a Netflix Original documentary. It follows the lives of several divers and scientists around the world to document the overwhelming amounts of dying coral reefs. Throughout the movie, they reiterate how climate change and carbon dioxide output is directly linked to the global epidemic. Their argument is that humanity alone is destroying our oceans. Some of the conventions of Chasing Coral are statistics that are written across the screen, before and after time lapses of bleached coral, titles at the bottom of the page to introduce important people and animated maps that pinpoint different locations in the world that are facing this problem. One of the most apparent rhetorical appeals given throughout this video is Pathos. Pathos was used in many ways to make the watchers feel connected, affected, and emotional. For example, background music changed with how they wanted the audience to feel, often inspiring or depressing. When time-lapse clips were shown, they went back and forth between the beautiful bright colored coral in the beginning to the dark and lifeless coral at the end. This comparison was emphasized for dramatic effect and helped to get the point across.The authors of Chasing Coral are Davis Coombe, Vickie Curtis, and Jeff Orlowski. Coombe is an Academy Award-winning filmmaker who has assisted in the creation of several movies. Curtis is a Story Architect who specializes in powerful stories. Orlowski is a filmmaker who founded Exposure Labs, a production company that is geared towards socially relevant films. Although these authors are well-known filmmakers, they do not have any background education of coral reefs. Some of the bias in this film could be based on money in the filmmaking industry. The authors likely do everything they can to make people watch this documentary for more profit. Since Chasing Coral is published on Netflix, a popular movie streaming website, the targeted audience is aimed towards a variety of ages, including a majority of young adults. This is likely because this age group can be heavily influenced to get involved in saving coral reefs. The relationship this source has to my research question is it gives another standpoint of what is happening in our oceans because of humans. Chasing Coral adds more variety is the genre of my sources. This documentary gave me thorough information on coral reefs through another platform that was presented in a non-political way.Clark, Brett and Rebecca Clausen. “The Oceanic Crisis: Capitalism and the Degradation of Marine Ecosystems.” Monthly Review, Jul./Aug. 2008, pp.91-111.“The Oceanic Crisis: Capitalism and the Degradation of Marine Ecosystems,” is an article published in the Monthly Review magazine. Monthly Review is a socialist magazine in New York. Clark and Clausen’s main argument is that capitalism and overproduction for profit are causing catastrophic negative changes in our oceans biodiversity. They back their argument up with multiple examples, including groundfishing, trawlers, bycatch, deforestation, global warming, marketing, and technology allowing fisherman to go deeper and further into the ocean. The authors use several forms of rhetorical appeals to attempt to get their point across. Pathos is achieved through intense diction that serves to make readers feel as if they are at fault and can easily help to stop the collapse of ocean life. Brett Clark and Rebecca Clausen are both sociology professors. Clark teaches at the University of Utah, and Clausen teaches at Fort Lewis College. The two of them have written several books and been published in many different academic journals. Clausen is also involved in institutional committees and is a regular guest speaker. “The Oceanic Crisis” is a credible source because the authors have immense knowledge in the subject and use a dense variety of examples and sources. Clark and Clausen use their sources by including many passages of books, articles, and quotes from experts in the field. The quotes and facts are followed by a number that corresponds to the complete bibliography at the end. The targeted audience for this article are adults that are well educated yet unaware of the topic. This can be concluded because the authors are writing at a level not everyone can understand, with a moderate amount of advanced vocabulary, while still allowing the readers to get a clear idea of what the oceanic crisis is without much background knowledge. This source includes bias because it does not acknowledge any other sides of the argument. “The Oceanic Crisis” is relevant to my research question because it provides a lot of information on how overfishing contributes to global sea life loss. Although I am not writing an essay specific to capitalism, it allows me to gather a wider set opinions to become more educated on the topic. This articles information was surprising to me because it gave me insight on the direct link between capitalism and our oceans.Duhaime, Melissa. "Efforts on Marine Debris in the Oceans and Great Lakes." Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard Hearing. 25 Jul 2017. Russel Senate Office Building, Room 253, Washington, D.C. Hearing.The arguments given by Melissa Duhaime in a court hearing speech are that plastics are filling our oceans and lakes. As a result, toxins are accumulating and aquatic life is mistaking it for food and ingesting it. Duhaime claims that not only is this affecting the fish that directly eat it, but it is moving up the food chain all the way to humans. The speech included a summary statement in the beginning that introduces her and background information about plastic, an introduction on the discoveries of high plastic concentration in the oceans and Great Lakes, a section called “Plastic Pollution In The Great Lakes”, which describes specific findings of plastics in the Great Lakes along with pictures and infographics, and a conclusion which encapsulates what Duhaime talked about and what will happen in the future if humans don’t stop plastic pollution now. Duhaime appeals to her audience with logos. Her main form of persuasion is by giving reason and facts. For example, she states that eight million tons of plastic enter the ocean yearly. Duhaime is an assistant profession in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Michigan. She created “The Duhaime Lab”, which is a team of lab members who research microscale interactions in aquatic ecosystems. Duhaime’s speech is bias because she is purposely trying to persuade a group of people into thinking a certain way. She does not discuss any other sides of the argument, such as the positives of plastic. She cites her evidence both in her presentation and in a Works Cited list at the end. The targeted audience for this source is a subcommittee of Congress that is interested in plastic pollution. Duhaime’s speech is important to my research project because it gives both opinion and fact on how plastic produced by humans has and will continue to affect the ocean. Her speech also gave me insight on what is happening in fresh water, such as the Great Lakes. What stood out to me the most about this source is that it didn’t zoom in on one specific topic. Duhaime discussed plastic pollution on land, in the ocean, and in the lakes.Earle, Sylvia. “Should We Stop Eating Fish?” Interview by Natasha Scripture. Ideas., 20 Aug. 2014, ideas.should-you-stop-eating-fish-2/“Should we stop eating fish?” is an interview by Natasha Scripture that asks for Sylvia Earle’s opinion on eating fish. Scripture asks questions about eating fish responsibly, health and moral reasons, privatized and localized fishing, and even the personalities of a fish. Earle’s main response is that although it all comes down to your personal choice, it is not “eco-conscious” to eat seafood. She gives a variety of background knowledge, including the importance of fish in our ecosystem, overfishing and bottom trawling, bioaccumulation of ocean life, and how she chose to stop eating seafood. As this is an online published interview, some of the conventions of the source include pictures, the ability to “share this idea” on many social media platforms, a link to more information about the author, and a list of videos and articles similar to the one you are looking at. Scripture uses ethos to gain authority and trust for herself and Earle by listing some basic information about their credentials. Natasha Scripture, the interviewer, is a TED Prize storyteller and has written for many well-known publications such as The Boston Globe. She has degrees in communication from New York University. She gains her credibility not from extensive knowledge toward a specific subject, but from journalistically providing honest information to a wide range of people. Sylvia Earle, the interviewee, is an oceanographer. She has won many awards and has a Netflix documentary about her organization, “Mission Blue”. Earle is credible because she is an expert with extensive education in her field. Opposing sides are touched on when Scripture asked Earle about her opinion on local fishermen who make a living off of ocean agriculture. Earle mentions that she does sympathize them and acknowledges that they aren’t part of the groups being targeted. Bias in the interview is present because Earle has her own organization dedicated to this topic. She also has been in Ted Talk videos. Because of this, one could argue that money has swayed her to only talk about certain aspects, instead of her whole and honest opinion.The relationship of “Should we stop eating fish?” to my research paper is that they both target the same issue on a broad scale: How humans are affecting sea life. Although the interview zeros in on some very specific arguments, they all play roles in the answer to my research question. This source stood out to me because it obtains very opinionated information and made me change the way I think about eating seafood. Mcgrath, Triona. “How Pollution is Changing the Ocean’s Chemistry.” TEDxFulbrightDublin, Ted Talks, Feb. 2016. Conference Presentation, talks/triona_mcgrath_how_pollution_is_changing_the_ocean_s_chemistry#t-400566“How pollution is changing the ocean’s chemistry” is a Ted Talk video given by Triona Mcgrath. Mcgrath is trying to inform the public of the dangers of ocean acidification throughout her speech. She explains that as humans are emitting more greenhouse gases into the earth, the ocean is absorbing more and more carbon dioxide which causes the pH of the seawater to drop and become more acidic. She follows up with examples of how this is affecting all forms of sea life, from tiny carbonate ions to giant coral reefs. Throughout her speech, she presents many conventions and rhetorical appeals to make it more effective. Multiple pictures and short video clips are shown behind her on a large screen throughout her presentation. These pictures are intriguing to the audience and can break down some of the information to make it more understandable. Mcgrath achieves logos upfront by giving a large list of how the ocean benefits us which gives the watchers a logical reason to want to get involved and help slow down ocean acidification.Triona Mcgrath is a chemical oceanographer who researches how oceans are responding to climate change and other human activities. She researches at the National University of Ireland. She and her colleagues took the first samples of Irish oceans to provide evidence of spreading ocean acidification. She recently started a research project that was developed to continue research on ocean acidification throughout other areas of the world. Mcgrath is a credible source because she has completed a lot of schooling and education to become extremely knowledgeable in this topic. She proves this by giving multiple speeches and writing articles to inform the public about our oceans current state. She is also actively involved in research groups dedicated solely to learn more about it. Mcgrath shows bias because she is most likely receiving a large profit for speaking to such a large crowd; in person and online. This probably makes her more willing to persuade her audience a certain way. The targeted audience is someone who is curious and loves learning. is known to have intriguing videos that teach you about specific and interesting topics, therefore the people that view these videos are most likely willing to learn. This video relates to my research question because it gives another side to ways humans are impacting the ocean. After watching the video, I realized that the high rate of ocean life that is dying is not just local, it is global. The author provides another side to the topic by explaining that it isn’t always bad that humans rely on the ocean, we just can’t keep taking it for granted or else we won’t have it at all. ................
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