DOING BUSINESS IN THE NETHERLANDS 2020-2021
DOING BUSINESS IN THE
NETHERLANDS 2020-2021
Doing Business in The Netherlands
Editorial Contributions
Andre Walter
Merel Roest
Anna van Bracht
Michiel Bijloo
Anne-Carien Smale
Michiel Kloes
Aukje Strik
Mirko Marin?
Christiaan van der Meer
Narine Movsisian
Corinne Schot
Nathalja Doing
Danielle Pinedo
Niels Matze
Denise Ozmis
Pauline Bakker
Derk Christiaans
Ralph Potgieter
Don-Tobias Jol
Rebecca Kuijpers-Zimmerman
Fedor Tanke
Remke Scheepstra
Fons Ravelli
Richte van Ginneken
Frank Kroes
Robert van Agteren
Frederik Harms
Roderick Beudeker
Gillis Kempe
Roger van de Berg
Ilya Hoekerd
Steffen Hagen
Itse Oosterhoff
Troy Pickard-Taylor
Ischa Gobius du Sart
Wibren Veldhuizen
Jan Snel
Wouter Seinen
Jan Willem Gerritsen
Yassine el Bojaddaini
John Paans
Lin Yuen
Maarten Hoelen
Margreet Nijhof
Baker McKenzie
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Doing Business in The Netherlands
Table of Contents
The Netherlands................................................................................................... 11
1.1
Country and cities .............................................................................. 12
1.2
Infrastructure, traffic and transport ............................................ 15
1.3
Government ...........................................................................................17
1.4
Economy ................................................................................................ 18
1.5
Dutch people and culture ................................................................ 19
Legal Forms of Doing Business ..................................................................... 27
2.1
Branch .................................................................................................... 28
2.2
Subsidiary ............................................................................................. 29
2.3
Branch versus subsidiary ................................................................ 30
2.4
Cooperative (Co?peratie)................................................................. 31
2.5
European company / Societas Europaea (SE) .......................... 32
2.6
Societas Cooperativa Europaea (SCE)......................................... 33
2.7
Partnership ............................................................................................ 33
2.8
Formal foreign companies ............................................................. 34
Tax Benefits of Regional Headquarters/ Coordination Centres ....... 35
3.1
General advantages ...........................................................................36
3.2
Tax ruling ............................................................................................... 37
3.3
Holding of shares ...............................................................................39
3.4
Group financing and group licensing......................................... 40
3.5
Anti-abuse provisions ...................................................................... 43
The Subsidiary .....................................................................................................45
4.1
Incorporation of N.V. and B.V. ...................................................... 46
4.2
Incorporation of a cooperative ..................................................... 47
4.3
Capitalization .......................................................................................47
4.4
Transfer of shares and membership interest .......................... 48
4.5
Shareholders' register and members' register ....................... 49
4.6
Issuance of new shares ................................................................... 49
4.7
Board of managing directors ........................................................ 50
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4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
Board of supervisory directors ...................................................... 51
Proxy holders ....................................................................................... 51
Large companies regime .................................................................. 51
One-Tier Board ....................................................................................52
Developments ...................................................................................... 53
Reporting, Auditing and Publication Requirements ............................. 55
5.1
Financial statements ........................................................................ 56
5.2
Director's report .................................................................................. 57
5.3
Accounting principles ....................................................................... 58
5.4
Other information ............................................................................. 58
5.5
Language .............................................................................................. 59
5.6
Currency ................................................................................................ 59
5.7
Classification........................................................................................ 59
5.8
Exemption for group companies ................................................. 60
5.9
Consolidated accounts ..................................................................... 61
5.10
Auditing requirements ..................................................................... 62
Corporate Governance Code ..........................................................................65
6.1
Long-term value creation................................................................ 67
6.2
Effective management and supervision ................................... 69
6.3
Remuneration....................................................................................... 73
6.4
The general meeting ......................................................................... 75
6.5
One-tier governance structure ..................................................... 76
6.6
Compliance with and enforcement of the Code .................... 77
Sales Support, Distribution and Production............................................. 79
7.1
Liaison office ....................................................................................... 80
7.2
Sales support ....................................................................................... 80
7.3
Production ............................................................................................. 81
Commercial Contracts ......................................................................................83
8.1
General Dutch contract law .......................................................... 84
8.2
General terms and conditions....................................................... 85
8.3
Consumer protection/Consumer sales ...................................... 86
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Baker McKenzie
Doing Business in The Netherlands
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
Consumer authority ...........................................................................87
Agency agreements .......................................................................... 88
Distribution agreements ................................................................. 89
Franchise agreements ...................................................................... 90
Real Estate ............................................................................................................93
9.1
Ownership ............................................................................................ 94
9.2
Land Register ...................................................................................... 94
9.3
Other rights and obligations ......................................................... 95
9.4
Construction and renovation ........................................................ 96
9.5
Environmental aspects and soil pollution ................................. 97
9.6
Leases ..................................................................................................... 98
9.7
Public housing ................................................................................... 100
Competition Rules and Free Movement of Goods.............................. 101
10.1
EU competition rules.......................................................................102
10.2
Dutch Competition Act ................................................................. 104
10.3
Public procurement rules .............................................................. 109
10.4
Import and export: free movement of goods ........................ 113
10.5
The European Economic Area .......................................................114
10.6
Standardization ..................................................................................114
Intellectual Property......................................................................................... 117
11.1
Copyright ............................................................................................. 118
11.2
Neighboring rights ...........................................................................120
11.3
Protection of databases .................................................................120
11.4
Trademarks .......................................................................................... 121
11.5
Designs and models......................................................................... 126
11.6
Trade names ....................................................................................... 127
11.7
Patents .................................................................................................. 127
11.8
IP enforcement ..................................................................................130
11.9
Anti-counterfeit measures ............................................................. 131
11.10
IP protection of software and (IT) hardware......................... 132
11.11
Advertising .......................................................................................... 134
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