Allen, P and R Pholsward - York University



BIBLIOGRAPHY

Resources on MultiModality

Compiled by Terry Royce

Ades, D. (1986) Photomontage. London: Thames and Hudson.

Allen, P and R. Pholsward. (1988) “The development of a diagnostic reading test for EAP students of economics”, in M. L. Tickoo (ed.) ESP: State of the art. Anthology Series 21, SEAMO Regional Language Centre, Singapore, 58-73.

Anuatti, F. (1991) "Workshop of the realist group on Keynes: Keyne's rational theory of persuasion", paper given at The University Of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: the case of economics, April 15-17.

Arnheim, R. (1969) Visual Thinking. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Arnheim, R.(1974) Art and Visual Perception. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Arnheim, R.(1988) The Power of the Centre: A Study of Composition in the Visual Arts, Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Arnheim, R.(1992) To the Rescue of Art: Twenty-Six Essays. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Asher, R. E. editor-in-chief (1994) The Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Backhouse, R. (1993) "The debate over Milton Friedman’s theoretical framework: an economist's view", in W. Henderson, A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Bakhtin, M. M. (1986) Speech Genres and Other Late Essays. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Barry, P. (1995) Beginning Theory: An introduction to literary and cultural theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Barthes, R. (1964/67) Elements of Semiology. London: Cape.

Barthes, R. (1977) Image, Music, Text. New York: The Noonday Press.

Bazerman, C. (1993) “Money talks: the rhetorical project of The Wealth of Nations”, in W. Henderson, A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Becher, T. (1981) "Towards a definition of disciplinary cultures", Studies in Higher Education, Vol.6:2, 109-122.

Becher, T. (1987) "Disciplinary discourse", Studies in Higher Education, Vol.12:3, 261-274.

Benson, J. and W. Greaves, (1980) "Field of discourse: theory and application", Applied Linguistics, Vol.11:1, 45-55.

Berger, J. (1972) Ways of Seeing. London: Penguin Books.

Biedermann, H. (1992) Dictionary of Symbolism: Cultural icons and the meanings behind them. New York: Facts on File, Inc.

Bloor, M. and T. Bloor. (1993) “How economists modify propositions”, in W. Henderson, T. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Bloor, T. and M. Pindi. (1990) “Schematic structure in economics forecasts”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 55-66.

Bowcher, W. (1994) “A brief overview of systemic functional linguistics and an analysis of text”. Obirin Review of International Studies, No.6, 154-177.

Bramki, D. and R. Williams. (1984) “Lexical familiarisation in economics text, and its pedagogical implications in reading comprehension”, Reading in a Foreign Language, Vol.2:1, 169-181.

Brett, M. (1991) How to Read the Financial Pages: A simple guide to the way money works and the jargon 3rd Ed. London: Century Business.

Brown, V. (1993) “Decanonising discourses: textual analysis and the history of economic thought”, in W. Henderson, A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Brown, G. and Yule, G. (1983) Discourse Analysis. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Butt, D., Fahey, R., Spinks, S. and Yallop, C. (1995) Using Functional Grammar: An explorer’s guide. Sydney: NCELTR, Macquarie University.

Button, K. (1988) “The writing of economics: a review article”. Economics, Spring, 25-27.

Caldwell, B. and A Coats. (1984) “Communications: the rhetoric of economics: a comment on McCloskey”, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.22, June, 575-578.

Cameron, R. (1991) "Economics and ecology - who is borrowing from whom?", paper given at The University Of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: the case of economics, April 15-17.

“Can Your Graphics Board do all this for $369?” (1995) PC Magazine. May 16th, 265.

Cirlot, J. E. (1971) A Dictionary of Symbols. 2nd Ed. London: Routledge.

Clarke, W. M. (1995) How the City of London Works. 4th Ed. London: Sweet and Maxwell.

Cloran, C. (1994) Rhetorical Units and Decontextualisation: An enquiry into some relations of context, meaning and grammar. Monographs in Systemic Linguistics, No. 6. Nottingham: Department of English Studies, University of Nottingham.

Culyer, A. (1985) "What's wrong with Economics textbooks?", Economics, Spring, 15-17.

Danesi, M. (1994) Messages and Meanings: An introduction to semiotics. Toronto: Canadian Scholar’s Press Inc.

Danesi, M. and D. Santeramo. (1992) Introducing Semiotics: An anthology of readings. Toronto: Canadian Scholar’s Press Inc.

Darnell, A. (1991) "Statistical testing and econometrics: the rhetoric of insignificance", paper given at The University Of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: the case of economics, April 15-17.

De Escorcia, B. (1984) “Team teaching for students of economics: a Colombian experience”, in R. Williams, J. Swales and J. Kirkham (eds.) Common Ground: Shared interests in ESP and communication studies. ELT Document Special, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 135-143.

van Dijk, T. A. (1977) Text and Context. London: Longman.

Dondis, (1973) A Primer of Visual Literacy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.

Downing, A. and P. Locke (1992) A University Course in English Grammar. London: Prentice-Hall International.

Dudley-Evans, A. (1987) “Genre analysis and ESP”, ELR Journal, Vol.1, The University of Birmingham, 1-9.

Dudley-Evans, A. (1993) “The debate over Milton Friedman’s theoretical framework: an applied linguist's view”, in W. Henderson, A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Dudley-Evans, A. and W. Henderson. (1990a) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council.

Dudley-Evans, A. and W. Henderson. (1990b) “The organisation of article introductions: evidence of change in economics writing”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 67-78.

Dyer, G. (1982) Advertising as Communication. London: Methuen.

Eco, U. (1976) A Theory of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press

Eggins, S. (1994) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter Publishers.

Ezell, M. and K. O’Keefe, eds. (1994) Cultural Artifacts and the Production of Meaning: The page, the image, and the body. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.

Favretti, R. (1991) "Epistemology and persuasion in economic discourse", paper given at The University Of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: The case of economics, April 15-17.

Fisher, J. (1987) Pedagogical Implications of Thematic Analysis of Economics Texts. Unpublished MA dissertation, University of Birmingham.

Fisher, J. (1990) “Factors influencing the design of syllabi and support materials for non-native speakers studying economics”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 84-93.

Fiske, J. (1982) Introduction to Communication Studies. 2nd Ed. London: Routledge.

Garrett, P. (1994) Interview with Chief Editor of Graphic Design - The Economist Magazine, London: 17th August.

Gerrard, B.(1993) "The significance of interpretation in economics”, in W. Henderson, A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Gombrich, E. (1960) Art and Illusion: A study of the psychology of pictorial representation. London: Phaidon Press Ltd.

Gombrich, E. (1982) The Image and the Eye: Further studies in the psychology of pictorial representation. London: Phaidon Press Ltd.

Gutwinski, W. (1976) Cohesion in Literary texts: a study of some grammatical and lexical features of English discourse. The Hague: Mouton.

Hall, J. (1994) Illustrated Dictionary of Symbols in Eastern and Western Art. London: John Murray.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1976) System and Function in Language. (ed. G. R. Kress) London: Oxford University Press.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1978) Language as Social Semiotic. London: Edward Arnold.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1985) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1987) “Language and the order of nature” in D. Attridge, A. Durant et.al. (eds.), The linguistics of writing. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 135-154.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1991) “The Notion of Context in Language Education” in Thao Lê and M. McCausland (eds.), Language Education: interaction and development. Proceedings of the International Conference, Vietnam, 30 March - 1 April 1991. Launceston, Tasmania: University of Tasmania, 1-26.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1992) “How do you mean?” in M. Davies and L. Ravelli (eds.), Advances in Systemic Linguistics: Recent theory and practice. London and New York: Pinter Publishers, 20-35.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1994) An Introduction to Functional Grammar. 2nd ed. London: Edward Arnold.

Halliday, M.A.K. and R. Hasan. (1976) Cohesion in English. London: Longman.

Halliday, M.A.K. & R. Hasan, (1985) Language, Context and Text: Aspects of language in a social-semiotic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hartley, J. (1985) Designing Instructional Text. 2nd ed. London: Kogan Page Ltd.

Hasan, R. (1981) “What’s Going On: A dynamic view of context in language” in J. E. Copeland and P. W. Davis (eds.) The Seventh LACUS Forum, Columbia SC: Hornbeam Press, 106-121.

Hasan, R. (1993) “Context for meaning” in James E. Alatis (ed.) Language, Communication and Social Meaning: Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1992. Washington. D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 79-103.

Hasan, R. (1995) “The conception of context in text” in P. H. Fries and M. Gregory (eds.) Discourse in Society: Systemic Functional Perspectives. Meaning and Choice in Language: Studies for Michael Halliday. Vol. L, Norwood New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Company, 183-296.

Hasan, R. (1996) Ways of Saying, Ways of Meaning: Selected papers of Ruqaiya Hasan. (eds. C. Cloran, D. Butt and G. Williams) London: Cassell.

Hasan, R. (in press) “Society, Language, and the Mind: The meta-dialogism of Basil Bernstein’s theory”. in F. Christie (ed.) Pedagogy and the Shaping of Consciousness: Linguistic and social processes. London: Cassell.

Henderson, W. (1986) "Metaphor in Economics", in M. Coulthard (ed.) Talking About Text. Discourse Analysis Monograph No.13, University of Birmingham: English Language Research, 109-127.

Henderson, W. (1993) "The problem of Edgeworth's style", in W. Henderson, A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Henderson, W. and A. Dudley-Evans, eds. (1990) "Introduction: The analysis of Economics discourse", in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson, The Language of Economics: The Analysis of Economics Discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 2-15.

Henderson, W. and Dudley-Evans, A. (1991) "The new rhetoric and discourse analysis: the case of economics", opening session paper given at The University Of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: The case of economics. April 15-17.

Henderson, W. and A. Hewings. (1987a) Reading Economics: How text helps or hinders. British National Bibliography Research Fund Report 28, London: The British Library.

Henderson, W. and A. Hewings. (1987b) “The language of economics: the problems of terminology”. Economics, Winter, 123-127.

Henderson, W. and A. Hewings. (1990) “A language of model building?”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 43-54.

Henderson, W; A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) (1993) Economics and Language. Routledge, London.

Hewings, A. (1989) Reading for Content: Aspects of problems posed by economics. Unpublished MPhil: University of Birmingham.

Hewings, A. (1990) “Aspects of the language of economics textbooks”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 29-42.

Hewings, A. and W. Henderson. (1987) “A link between genre and schemata: a case study of economics text”. ELR Journal, 1, University of Birmingham, 156-175.

Hodge, R. and G. Kress. (1988) Social Semiotics. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Hoey, M. (1983) On the Surface of Discourse. Boston: George Allen and Unwin.

Hollis, R. (1994) Graphic Design: A concise history. London: Thames and Hudson.

Houghton, D. (1991) “Time perspective and tense choice in selected social cost benefit analysis case studies”, paper given at The University of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: The case of economics. April 15-17.

Houghton, D. and P. King (1990) “What it makes sense to ask: students' and lecturer's questions in English for development economics”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 95-114.

Jenks, C. ed. (1995) Visual Culture. London: Routledge.

Johns, A. (1980) “Cohesion in written business discourse: some contrasts”. The ESP Journal, Vol.1:1, 37-43.

Johns, A. (1986) "The Language of Business", Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, Vol.7, Cambridge University Press, 3-17.

Jordan, R. R. (1978) “Language practice materials for economists”. in A. Mountford and R. Mackay English For Specific Purposes. Longman, 179-189.

Jordan, R. R. (1984) “Motivation in ESP: a case study of methods and materials for economics”. in G. James, The ESP Classroom -Methodology, materials, expectations. Exeter Linguistic Series 7, University of Exeter, 82-88.

Jordan, R. R. (1990) “He said: quote....unquote”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 79-83.

Kress, G. and R. Hodge (1979) Language as Ideology. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Kress, G and T. van Leeuwen, (1990) Reading Images. Geelong, Victoria: Deakin University Press.

Kress, G and T. van Leeuwen, (1996) Reading Images: The Grammar of Visual Design. London: Routledge.

Larsen, S. E. (1994) “Semiotics”, in R. E Asher,. editor-in-chief, The Encyclopaedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 3821-3832.

Laseau, P. (1989) Graphic Thinking for Architects and Designers. 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Leeds-Hurwitz, W. (1993) Semiotics and Communication: Signs, codes, cultures. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Lemke, J. L. (1990) Talking Science: Language, Learning and Values. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Lemke, J. (1995) “Intertextuality and Text Semantics”, in Peter Fries and Michael Gregory, eds., Discourse in Society: Systemic functional perspectives. Vol. L in the series Advances in Discourse, Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation,. 85-114.

Luhman, D. (1998) Review of The Economist magazine. Numen Lumen Homepage.

Lutz, R. (1949) Graphic Presentation Simplified: A guide to the use of graphic methods in business. New York: Funk and Wagnalls.

McCloskey, D. (1983) “The rhetoric of economics”. Journal of Economic Literature Vol.21:481-517.

McCloskey, D. (1984) “Communications: reply to Caldwell and Coats”. Journal of Economic Literature, Vol.22:579-580.

McCloskey, D. (1986) The Rhetoric of Economics. Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books.

McCloskey, D. (1990) If You're So Smart: The narrative of economic expertise. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

McConnell, C.R. (1982) "Readability formulas as applied to college economics textbooks", Journal of Reading, Vol.26:1 October, 14-17.

McLuhan, M. (1964) Understanding Media: The extensions of man. New York: Signet Books.

Maki, U. (1993) "Two philosophies of the rhetoric of economics”, in W. Henderson, A. Dudley-Evans and R. Backhouse. (eds.) Economics and Language. London: Routledge.

Maley, A., A. Duff and F. Grellet (1980) The Mind’s Eye: Using pictures creatively in language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Malinowski, B. (1923) “The problem of meaning in primitive languages”. Supplement 1 to Ogden, C. and Richards, I. The Meaning of Meaning. London: Kegan Paul, 296-336.

Malinowski, B. (1935) Coral Gardens and their Magic, Vol.2, London: Allen and Unwin. Reprinted as The Language of Magic and Gardening (Indiana University Studies in the History and Theory of Linguistics), Bloomington: Indiana University Press 1967.

Marchese, F. T. ed. (1995) Understanding Images: Finding meaning in digital imagery. Santa Clara, California: TELOS - The Electronic Library of Science, Springer-Verlag Publishers.

Martin, J., M. Matthiessen and C. Painter, (1997) Working with Functional Grammar. London: Arnold.

Mason, M. (1990) “Dancing on air: analysis of a passage from an economics textbook”, in A. Dudley-Evans and W. Henderson (eds.) The Language of Economics: The analysis of economics discourse. ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council, 16-28.

Mason, M. (1991) “How language makes economics possible”, paper given at The University of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: The case of economics. April 15-17.

Matthiessen C. (1993) “Register in the Round: diversity in a unified theory of register analysis”, in M. Ghadessy (ed.) Register Analysis: Theory and practice. London and New York: Pinter Publishers, 221-292.

Matthiessen C. (1995) Lexicogrammatical Cartography: English Systems. Tokyo: International Language Science Publishers.

Mauranen, A. (1993) “Contrastive ESP rhetoric: metatext in Finnish-English economics texts”. English for Specific Purposes Vol.12:1, 3-22.

Maybury, M. T. ed. (1993) Intelligent Multimedia Interfaces. London: AAAI Press/The MIT Press.

Mead, R. and A. D. Lilley (1975) “The use of visual materials in teaching English to economics students”. English Language Teaching Journal, Vol.29:2, 151-156.

Mead, R. and W. Henderson (1983) “Conditional form and meaning in economics text”. The ESP Journal, Vol.2:2, 139-160.

Mercer, P. (1998 in press) "Reconceptualising Television Realism: a framework for analysis", in D’Haen, T. and C. Barfoot (eds.) Language and Beyond. TEXTET, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Editions Rodopi B.V.

Mirowski, P. (1991) "The when, the how and the why of mathematical expression in the history of economic analysis", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.5:1, Winter, 145-157.

Montague, J. (1993) Basic Perspective Drawing: A visual approach. 2nd Edition, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Morgan, T. (1988) "Theory versus empiricism in academic economics: update and comparisons", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.2:4, Fall, 159-164.

Mparutsa, C. (1991) “Perceptions of the market: a discourse analysis of oral reports by Zimbabwean economics students”, paper given at The University of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: The case of economics. April 15-17.

Mparutsa, C., A. Love and A. Morrison (1991) “Bringing concord to the ESL classroom”. ELR Journal, Vol.4, The University of Birmingham, 115-134.

Myers, G. (1989) “The pragmatics of politeness in scientific articles”, Applied Linguistics, Vol.10:1-35.

Myers, G. (1990) Writing Biology: Texts in the social construction of scientific knowledge. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Myers, G. (1991) “Getting on the map: a story of an economics proposal”, paper given at The University of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: The case of economics. April 15-17.

Nöth, W. (1995) Handbook of Semiotics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Ong, W. (1982) Orality and Literacy: the technologizing of the word. (New Accents Series) London: Methuen.

O'Toole, M. (1994) The Language of Displayed Art. London: Leicester University Press.

O'Toole, M. (1995) “A Systemic-Functional Semiotics of Art”, in Peter Fries and Michael Gregory, Discourse in Society: Systemic functional perspectives. Vol. L in the series Advances in Discourse. Norwood, New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation, 159-179.

Panofsky, E. (1982) Meaning in the Visual Arts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Papps, I. and W. Henderson (1977) Models in Economic Theory. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

Pearce, D. (1991) “The rhetoric of economics ”, a review of McCloskey, D. If You’re So Smart: The narrative of economics expertise, in The Times Literary Supplement (TLS), April 12th, 25.

Pearce, D.W. (1992) Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics. 4th ed., London: Macmillan.

Pindi, M. (1988) Schematic Structure and the Modulation of Propositions in Economics Forecasting Texts. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Language Studies Unit, Aston University.

Pindi, M. and T. Bloor (1987) “Playing safe with predictions: hedging, attribution and conditions in economic forecasting”. in T. Bloor, and J. Norrish (eds.) Written Language. CILT, 55-69.

Porter, T. and B. Greenstreet (1980) Manual of Graphic Techniques 1: For architects, graphic designers and artists. London: Butterworth Architecture.

Random House, (1992) Random House Webster's Electronic Dictionary and Thesaurus. Version 1.0, Reference Software International.

Rotheim, R. (1988) "Keynes and the language of probability and uncertainty", Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics, Vol.11:1, Fall, 82-99.

Royce, T. (1984) The Language of Economics: A language development program. Unpublished MA in Applied Linguistics (TESOL) thesis. University of Sydney, Australia.

Royce, T. (1992) “Economics discourse and economists: a working paper on recent discussions”. ICU Language Research Bulletin, Vol.7:43-56.

Royce, T. (1993) “Economics language and economics content: an overview”. in N. Bird, J. Harris, and M. Ingham (eds.) Language and Content. Institute of Language in Education, Hong Kong Education Department, 288-303.

Royce, T. (1994) “Reading economics in English: aspects of course development in a Japanese university”. RELC Journal, Vol.25:2, 26-55.

Royce, T. (1998a) "A Metafunctional View of Intersemiosis in The Economist Magazine: A framework for analysis", in D’Haen, T. and C. Barfoot (eds.) Language and Beyond. TEXTET, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Editions Rodopi B.V.

Royce, T. (1999a). Visual-verbal intersemiotic complementarity in The Economist Magazine. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. United Kingdom: University of Reading.

Royce, T. (1999b) "Synergy on the Page: Exploring intersemiotic complementarity in page-based multimodal text.", in JASFL Occasional Papers No.1. Tokyo: Japan Association of Systemic Functional Linguistics (JASFL), 25-49.

Royce, T. (2002). Multimodality in the TESOL Classroom: Exploring Visual-Verbal Synergy. TESOL Quarterly: Forum Vol.36. No.2 (Summer).

Royce, T. (forthcoming). “Unpacking ideational intersemiotic complementarity in page-based multimodal text”, in Ventola, E., C. Charles, and M. Kaltenbacher (eds.) Perspectives on Multimodality, John Benjamins.

Ruskin, J. (1991) The Elements of Drawing. (Illus. Ed.) London: The Herbert Press.

Saint-Martin, F. (1987) Semiotics of Visual Language. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Saussure, Ferdinand de. (1916/1966) Course in General Linguistics. New York: McGraw-Hill Paperbacks.

Schapiro, M. (1973) Words and Pictures: On the literal and the symbolic in the interpretation of a text. The Hague: Mouton.

Schleppegrell, M. (1985) “Economic input: an ESP program”. The ESP Journal, Vol.4:111-119.

Sebeok, T. A. (1972) Perspectives in Zoosemiotics. The Hague: Mouton.

Sebeok, T. A. (1989) The Sign and its Masters. Lanham: University Press of America.

Sebeok, T. A. (1994) An Introduction to Semiotics. London: Pinter Publishers.

Sherman, C. R. (1995) Imaging Aristotle: Verbal and visual representation in fourteenth century France. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Sinclair, J. (1986) "Fictional worlds", in M. Coulthard (ed.), Talking About Text, Discourse Monograph 13, English Language Research, University of Birmingham, 43-60.

Smith, V.L. (1989) "Theory, experiment and economics", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.3:1, Winter, 151-169.

Spencer, A. (1975/6) “Semantic combinations in economics and law - a case for special treatment”. ESPMENA Bulletin, No. 3, 30-33.

Stubbs, M. (1983) Discourse Analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Swales, J. (1981) Aspects of Article Introductions. Aston ESP Monographs No.1, Aston University.

Swales, J. (1990) Genre Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tadros, A. (1977) "Principles underlying materials preparation for students of economics and social sciences", ESPMENA Bulletin, No.8, pp31-34.

Tadros, A. (1979) "Linguistic prediction in economics text", ESPMENA Bulletin, No. 14, 11-16.

Tadros, A.(1981) Linguistic Prediction in Economics Text, Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Birmingham.

Tadros, A. (1985) Prediction in Text. Discourse Analysis Monograph No.10, University of Birmingham: English Language Research.

Tadros, A. (1989) "Predictive categories in university textbooks", English for Specific Purposes, Vol.8:17-31.

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The Economist Magazine. (1991) Numbers Guide: The essentials of business numeracy. London: The Economist Books Pty. Ltd.

Thibault, P. (1997) Re-Reading Saussure: The dynamics of signs in social life. London: Routledge.

Thomas, L. (1991) "Rhetoric/discourse analysis and economics education", paper given at The University Of Birmingham International Seminar on The New Rhetoric and Discourse Analysis: The case of economics, April 15-17.

Thompson, G. (1996) Introducing Functional Grammar. London: Arnold

Tobin, Y. (1990) Semiotics and Linguistics. London : Longman.

Tufte, E. R. (1983) The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. Cheshire, Connecticut: Graphics Press.

Uspensky, B. (1973) A Poetics of Composition. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.

Ventola, E. (1995) “Generic and register qualities of texts and their realisation”, in P.H. Fries and M. Gregory (eds.) Discourse in Society: Systemic Functional Perspectives, Meaning and Choice in Language: Studies for Michael Halliday, Vol.50 in the series Advances in Discourse Processes, Norwood N.J.: Ablex, pp3-28.

Vestergaard, T. and K. Schrøder (1985) The Language of Advertising. Oxford: Blackwell.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1986) Thought and Language. Massachusetts: The M.I. T. Press.

Watson, J. and A. Hill. (1997) A Dictionary of Communication and Media Studies. 4th ed., London: Arnold.

Weisman, D. L. (1968) Language and Visual Form: The personal record of a dual creative process. Austin & London: University of Texas Press.

White, Jan V. (1982a) Designing for Magazines. 2nd ed., New York: R.R. Bowker Company.

White, Jan V. (1982b) Editing by Design. 2nd ed., New York: R.R. Bowker Company.

White, Jan V. (1983) Mastering Graphics. New York: R.R. Bowker Company.

White, Jan V. (1984) Using Charts and Graphs. New York: R.R. Bowker Company.

White, Jan V. (1988) Graphic Design for the Electronic Age. New York: Watson-Guptill Publications.

White, Jan V. (1990) Graphic Idea Notebook. Revised Ed. Rockport: Rockport Publishers.

Winter, E.O. (1977) "A clause-relational approach to English texts: a study of some predictive lexical items in written discourse", Instructional Science, Vol.6:1-92.

Wright, A. (1989) Pictures for Language Learning. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Zevi, B. (1993) Architecture as Space: How to look at architecture. New York: Da Capo Press.

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