Investigative Uses of Technology: Devices, Tools, and ...
[Pages:169]OCT. 07
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice
Special REPORT
Investigative Uses of Technology: Devices, Tools, and Techniques
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U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street N.W. Washington, DC 20531
Peter D. Keisler Acting Attorney General Cybele K. Daley Acting Assistant Attorney General David W. Hagy Acting Principal Deputy Director, National Institute of Justice
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OCT. 07
Investigative Uses of Technology: Devices,Tools, andTechniques
NCJ 213030
David W. Hagy Acting Principal Deputy Director, National Institute of Justice
This document is not intended to create, does not create, and may not be relied upon to create any rights, substantive or procedural, enforceable by law by any party in any matter civil or criminal. Photos used in this document are taken from public Web sites; they are in no way an endorse ment of the product illustrated. Opinions or points of view expressed in this document represent a consensus of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. The products, manufacturers, and organizations discussed in this document are presented for informational purposes only and do not constitute product approval or endorsements by the U.S. Department of Justice. This material should not be relied upon as legal advice. Those considering legal issues related to the use of high-tech materials should consult with their legal counsel. This document was prepared under Interagency Agreement #2003?IJ?R?029 between the National Institute of Justice and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Office of Law Enforcement Standards. The National Institute of Justice is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance; the Bureau of Justice Statistics; the Community Capacity Development Office; the Office for Victims of Crime; the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention; and the Office of Sex Offender Sentencing, Monitoring, Apprehending, Registering, and Tracking (SMART).
Technology Working Group for Investigative Uses of High Technology*
Planning panel
James R. Doyle First Group Associates New York, New York
Joseph Duke Drive-Spies, LLC Clarkston, Michigan
Barry Grundy Computer Crime Investigator/
Special Agent NASA Office of the Inspector General Office of Investigations Computer Crimes Division Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland
Keith Hodges Senior Instructor, Legal Division Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Glynco, Georgia
Dan Mares President Mares and Company Lawrenceville, Georgia
Mark J. Menz M. J. Menz and Associates Folsom, California
Robert Morgester Deputy Attorney General State of California Department of Justice Office of the Attorney General Criminal Law Division Sacramento, California
Phillip Osborn Senior Special Agent National Program Manager Cyber Crimes Center (C3) Bureau of Immigration and Customs
Enforcement (ICE) U.S. Department of Homeland Security Fairfax, Virginia
John Otero Lieutenant Computer Crimes Squad New York Police Department New York, New York
David Poole Chief Information Operations and Investigations Air Force Office of Special Investigations Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland
Michael Weil Huron Consulting Group Chicago, Illinois
Technology working group members
Todd Abbott Vice President Corporate Information Security Bank of America Charlotte, North Carolina
Abigail Abraham Assistant Attorney General Illinois Attorney General's Office Chicago, Illinois
David Arnett Detective Arizona Department of Public Safety Phoenix, Arizona
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Dave Ausdenmoore Detective Regional Electronics and Computer
Investigation Section Hamilton County Sheriff's Office/
Cincinnati Police Department Cincinnati, Ohio
Rick Ayers National Institute of Standards and
Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland
Ken Basore Director of Professional Services Guidance Software (EnCase) Reston, Virginia
David Benton Chief Systems Engineer Home Depot Atlanta, Georgia
Walter E. Bruehs Forensics Examiner Forensic Audio, Video and Imaging
Analysis Unit Federal Bureau of Investigation Quantico, Virginia
Carleton Bryant Staff Attorney Knox County Sheriff's Office Knoxville, Tennessee
Scott Christensen Sergeant Computer Crimes/ICDC Unit Nebraska State Patrol Omaha, Nebraska
Bill Crane Assistant Director National White Collar Crime Center Fairmont, West Virginia
Don Flynn Attorney Advisor Department of Defense Cyber Crime Center Linthicum, Maryland
G.D. Griffin Assistant Inspector in Charge Digital Evidence Unit U.S. Postal Inspection Service Dulles, Virginia
Amber Haqqani Director, Digital Evidence American Academy of Applied Forensics Central Piedmont Community College Charlotte, North Carolina
Dave Heslep Sergeant Technical Assistance Section Supervisor Maryland State Police Technical Investigation Division Columbia, Maryland
Chip Johnson Lieutenant South Carolina Computer Crime Center Columbia, South Carolina
Nigel Jones NSLEC Centre for National High Tech
Crime Training Wyboston Lakes Business and Leisure Centre Bedfordshire, England
Keith Kelly Telecommunication Specialist Washington, D.C.
Tom Kolpacki Detective Ann Arbor Police Livonia, Michigan
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Al Lewis Special Agent Investigator/DE Examiner USSS Electronic Crimes Task Force Chicago, Illinois
Glenn Lewis Computer Training Specialist Training Services SEARCH Group, Inc Sacramento California
Thomas Musheno Forensic Examiner Forensic Audio, Video and Image Analysis Federal Bureau of Investigation Engineering Research Facility Quantico, Virginia
Larissa O'Brien Chief, Research and Development Information Operations and Investigations Air Force Office of Special Investigations Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland
Timothy O'Shea Assistant U.S. Attorney Western District of Wisconsin Senior Litigation Counsel Computer Crime and
Telecommunications Coordinator Madison, Wisconsin
Thom Quinn Program Manager California Department of Justice Advanced Training Center Rancho Cordova, California
Henry (Dick) Reeve General Counsel Deputy District Attorney Denver District Attorney's Office Denver, Colorado
Jim Riccardi, Jr. Electronic Crime Specialist CyberScience Lab National Law Enforcement and
Corrections Technology Center?Northeast Rome, New York
Richard Salgado Senior Counsel Computer Crime and Intellectual
Property Section U.S. Department of Justice Washington, D.C.
Chris Stippich President Digital Intelligence, Inc. Waukesha, Wisconsin
Facilitators
Susan Ballou Program Manager for Forensic Sciences Office of Law Enforcement Standards National Institute of Standards and
Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland
Anjali R. Swienton President & CEO SciLawForensics, Ltd. Germantown, Maryland
*This information reflects each panel member's professional affiliation during the time that the majority of the technology working group's work was performed.
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Contents
Technology Working Group for Investigative Uses of High Technology. . . . . . . . iii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1. Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Investigative assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Information gathering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Digital evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Electronic communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Video surveillance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Consensual monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Practical example. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter 2. Tools and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Power concerns with battery-operated devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Access-control devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Answering machines and voice mail systems (digital and analog) . . . . . . . 24
Audio: Digital tools used to conduct examinations of audio formats . . . . . 26
Caller ID devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Cell phones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Computers (desktops and laptops) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Credit card fraud devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
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