Forest Hills High School
UNIT THREE QUESTIONS
(Questions 1 and 2 are based on the following quote):
"In contrast to the sea-based empires developing in Europe, land-based empires remained as important political forces between 1450-1750. All had huge land armies. These empires developed relatively independently from western influence, and to some extent they counterbalanced the growth of European power and colonization."
1. The empires described in the quote above built their power most directly on
A) the mandate of heaven
B) the technology of gunpowder
C) control of Silk Road trade
D) parliamentary principles
(E) the development of new breeds of horses and camels
2. The quote accurately describes all of the following empires EXCEPT
A) Han China
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Mughal Empire
(E) Russian Empire
3. Sikhism is accurately defined as a religion that
A) was native to Japan, but shared similar beliefs to Daoism
B) flourished primarily in Southeast Asia
C) originated in the Ottoman Empire as another major split in Islam
D) originated in India, with a blend of Muslim and Hindu beliefs
(E) developed in Central America as a protest to Spanish-imposed Christianity
4. Which of the following decisions by the Portuguese most directly affected the Arab
African cities of the east coast of Africa?
A) to trade only from coastal centers
B) to monopolize the Indian Ocean trade
C) to set up an African trading network that included the interior trade routes of the
Sahara
D) to allow Christian missionaries to evangelize in the cities of the east coast
E) to start a navigators' school in Portugal
5. All of the following are common problems that the Muslim Empires of 1450-1750
shared EXCEPT:
A) Sunni-controlled governments whose power was seriously challenged by a Shi'a
minority
B) inadequate transportation and systems for their armies
C) unruly warrior elites that challenged the government
D) inadequate bureaucracies that could not adequately govern or keep in touch with
citizens
(E) the rise of European rivals who ultimately built stronger militaries than they did
6. Which of the following European powers established hegemony over the Indian Ocean
trade during the 16th century?
A) Dutch
B) English
C) Spanish
D) Portuguese
(E) French
7. A dividing line drawn by the Pope to separate Portuguese and Spanish claims was
established through the
A) Edict of Nantes
B) Treaty of Westphalia
C) Treaty of Tordesillas
D) Treaty of Paris
(E) Council of Trent
8. By the 16th century the center of commercial activity for Europeans had shifted from
the Mediterranean to the
A) Black Sea
B) Baltic Sea
C) Pacific Ocean
D) Indian Ocean
(E) Atlantic Ocean
9. Whose beard is being cut in the picture above?
A) a French army officer during the French and Indian War
B) a German mercenary during the American Revolution
C) a Russian boyar during the reign of Peter the Great
D) an Ottoman vizier by an English conqueror
(E) a Spanish naval officer during the conquest of his Armada
10. What is the main reason that the individual's beard is being cut?
A) to make him comply with an official order intended to make his country
modernize
B) to make him pay homage to a conquering ruler
C) at his request, to enable him to be named by his ruler as a member of the highest
elite group
D) as a requirement for all men who fight in the military
E) as part of a sanitation measure in major ports of call along long-distance trading
routes
11. The successful return of Magellan's ship Victoria to Spain in 1522 signaled that
A) the Spanish were not to be the dominant force in the Americas
B) Europeans were now positioned to make themselves masters of the oceans
C) the English would come to dominate territories around the world
D) Spain was now able to dominate trade with Asia
(E) Spain would soon eclipse England as the most powerful European power
12. The Portuguese were able to assert control over the Indian Ocean trade because
A) they took over Aden, the city that centrally controlled most of the trade
B) the constant warfare in the region allowed the disruption of traditional trade
systems
C) Portuguese trade goods were vastly superior to anything found in the region
D) the people they traded with were naive and easily taken advantage of
(E) their ships and weapons were militarily superior to the lightly armed merchant
dhows
13. All of the following factors contributed to the success of the Spanish in quickly creating
a vast empire in the Americas EXCEPT:
A) The Spanish assembled a large army that quickly overran the Western
Hemisphere.
B) The long isolation of the Americas made its inhabitants vulnerable to European
diseases.
C) The Spanish had superior military technology.
D) They were motivated by their desire to convert the natives to Christianity.
(E) Only two empires - great distances apart - were strong enough to militarily
challenge the Spanish.
14. The Renaissance philosophy of humanism emphasizes the importance of
A) religious rather than secular teachings
B) the accomplishments and capabilities of individual human beings
C) trade as the primary method of building wealth
D) technological innovations
(E) the Muslim influence on the development of European thought
15. The main reason that this building was constructed between 1632 and 1649 was to serve
as
A) a place of worship for people of many faiths
B) a palace for the ruler
C) a mausoleum for the ruler's dead wife
D) an administrative building for the government
(E) a center of long-distance trade
16. The building was constructed in a place ruled by the
A) Russian tsar
B) Ottoman sultan
C) Gupta emperor
D) Mongol khan
(E) Mughal emperor
18. What was the main reason that the Edo court practiced alternate attendance?
A) to contain the influence of Christian missionaries
B) to ensure the samurais' loyalty to the emperor
C) to evaluate military preparedness
D) to show deference to their overlords, the Chinese Qing family
(E) to ensure that the daimyos would be unable to overthrow the shogun
19. What was the main purpose of Zheng He's voyages?
A) to prove the seaworthiness of the Chinese ships
B) to search for a passage to the Americas
C) to defeat the pirates of Malacca so that sea travel would once again be safe
D) to extend China's influence by bearing gifts and exacting tribute
(E) to visit Mecca and Muhammad's grave
20. All of the following are reasons why discovery voyages ceased after Zheng He's death
EXCEPT:
A) The sponsoring emperor also died.
B) Confucian court officials resisted cross-cultural contacts and trade.
C) Court officials did not believe that Chinese sailors were sufficiently skilled to
voyage any further than they did.
D) War broke out in the Western provinces, so the government needed to spend
money there.
(E) Court officials criticized Zheng He's voyages for not being profitable.
21. Which of the following most clearly differentiates the period from 1450 to 1750 from
earlier periods?
A) decline of manorialism in western Europe
B) the rise of the Seljuk Turks as a world power
C) the inclusion of the Americas in the global trade network
D) the opening of Japan to trade with the West
(E) the replacement of Romanesque architecture with the Gothic style in western
Europe
22. By the end of the period from 1450 to 1750 the governments of Great Britain and France
had which of the following characteristics in common?
A) Both nations were constitutional monarchies.
B) The power to levy taxes was controlled by the monarch in both nations.
C) Neither nation had wide class differences
D) Both nations were absolute monarchies
E) Both nations had strong centralized gov’ts
23. We have seen that kings take the place of God, who is the true father of the human species. We have also seen that the first idea of power which exists among men of the paternal power; and that kings are modeled on fathers."
The above definition of kingship BEST fits the monarch of which of the following countries between 1450 and 1750?
A) England
B) Ireland
C) Germany
D) Italy
(E) France
24. The immediate reason for Luther's protest against the Catholic Church was
A) the church's practice of excommunication
B) the church's ban on usury
C) the Papal refusal to permit Luther to marry
D) church-sponsored sale of indulgences
(E) his support for German nationalism
25. Which of the following expresses Martin Luther's main philosophical disagreement
with the Roman Catholic Church?
A) He did not believe in infant baptism, a common practice of the church.
B) He believed that the clergy were not well qualified to serve the church because
their main concern was getting rich.
C) He believed that the Church equated good works with salvation, and ignored the
importance of faith.
D) He disagreed with the church's position that during communion the bread and
wine literally changed into the body and blood of Jesus.
E) He believed in predestination, and the church condemned this belief.
26. The Spanish Armada's defeat signaled the
A) decline of Spain's military dominance in Europe
B) beginning of Spain's global dominance
C) end of the era of European naval power
D) success of the Muslim invasion of western Europe
E) rise of French military dominance in Europe
27. The Copernican universe at first found more critics than supporters largely because
A) Copernicus was wrong
B) it directly challenged popular beliefs
C) Copernicus could not prove his theories empirically
D) people did not trust his data because it came from Islamic scholars
(E) it challenged the intellectual synthesis of classical and biblical authorities.
28. Which of the following best describes the historical significance of the early modern
period (1450-1750) in Europe?
A) It was an era when the lives of ordinary Europeans improved significantly.
B) In this era, women made much progress in gaining equality with men.
C) Most European governments shifted from absolutism to constitutional
monarchies.
D) The balance of world power shifted from other areas of the world to European
countries.
(E) Populations decreased, allowing standards of living to improve for those that
survived.
29. Coercive labor systems were predominant in all of the following areas of the New World
between 1450 and 1750 EXCEPT:
A) the southern English colonies
B) the northern English colonies
C) the Caribbean
D) Portuguese Brazil
(E) Spanish colonies of Central and South America
30. Which of the following groups had the highest social status in New Spain?
A) peninsulares
B) Creoles
C) mestizos
D) mulattoes
(E) Amerindians
31. What was the "Middle Passage"?
A) mid-priced tickets for the middle classes for passage from Europe to the
Americas
B) the route across the Central American isthmus that connected the gold and silver
routes from Peru on the Pacific side to the Atlantic Ocean
C) the trade route from the Caribbean to New England that carried molasses and
sugar
D) the trade route from Africa to the Americas where ships carried mainly slaves
(E) the route from European countries to the West African coast
32. Which of the following were products native to the New World that contributed the most
to the Columbian Exchange?
A) chocolate and bananas
B) potatoes and corn (maize)
C) horses and cows
D) sugar and molasses
(E) wheat and rice
33. Why were women more in demand than men in the trans-Saharan slave trade?
A) Women made better house servants than men did.
A) Women were sold along with their children, so buyers got more slaves for their
money.
B) The slaves were destined to become concubines in lands that practiced
polygamy.
C) The women were less likely to die on the long trek across the desert to ports on
the Mediterranean.
(E) The men were more likely to run away from their masters than the women.
34. Slave systems became much more prevalent in the New World during the 17th and early
18th century primarily as a result of the production of
A) tobacco
B) cotton
C) gold and silver
D) corn
(E) sugar
35. In which area(s) of the New World did slaves experience a natural increase (more births than deaths) during the 18th century?
I. North America
II. Caribbean
III. Brazil
A) I only
B) I and II only
C) II and III only
D) I and III only
E) I, II, and III
CHANGE OVER TIME ESSAY
Directions: You are to answer the following question. You should spend 5 minutes organizing or outlining your essay. Write an essay that:
1. Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical evidence.
2. Addresses all parts of the question.
3. Uses historical context to show change over time and/or continuities.
Describe and analyze the cultural, economic, and political impact of Christianity on ON of the following regions between 600 and 1750 C.E. Be sure to discuss continuities as we as changes.
East Asia Europe
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