9.3% 5.8% Crime in New York State 2.9% 2020 Final Data

New York State Crime Report

Kathy Hochul

Governor

Rossana Rosado

Acting Commissioner

December 2021

Crime in New York State

2020 Final Data

New York State and the FBI use seven Index crime categories as indicators of overall crime trends: murder, rape, robbery and aggravated assault, which are classified as violent crimes, and the property crimes of burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft. The FBI created these categories to allow for uniform crime reporting across all 50 states. Police departments and sheriffs' offices in New York report Index crime to the Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) through the Uniform Crime Reporting and Incident-Based Reporting programs. This report details 2020 Index crime in New York State, its 62 counties and two regions: New York City and the 57 counties outside of the five boroughs (Non-New York City). This report also details Index crime rates per 100,000 population statewide and by county and region. DCJS uses county population data from the FBI, which is based on U.S. Census estimates, to calculate crime rates.

New York State implemented the FBI's expanded definition of rape in 2015. This resulted in an uptick in violent crime and reported rapes in that year when compared to prior years. As a result, caution should be used when citing or interpreting any percentage changes between rapes reported in 2015 and any subsequent year, to those reported in 2014 and earlier.

The FBI made the change to more accurately reflect the scope and volume of sexual assaults nationwide. Before the implementation, those offenses would have been classified by the FBI and state as Part II sex offenses.

This report compares Index and violent crime over the 10-year period from 2011 through 2020, but it does not include percentage change comparisons between rape statistics reported in 2011 vs. 2020 because of the expanded definition.

Index crimes reported by police departments and sheriffs' offices to DCJS annually from 2016 to 2020 are online: criminaljustice. (click the link to Statistics).

Reported Index crime in New York State increased slightly (+1.7%) in 2020, with 342,453 Index crimes reported. Crime, however, remained near historic lows. In 2019, there were 336,813 Index crimes reported, the fewest number since statewide reporting began in 1975.

The state's Index crime rate declined by 23.2 percent when comparing 2011 and 2020. During the same time period, the violent crime rate decreased 8 percent but New York State experienced a significant increase in firearmrelated homicides: 21.2 percent when comparing 2011 to 2020 (See page 4 for additional details). This increase mirrored trends occurring across the country.

Percentage Change in Crime Rates 2011 vs. 2020

20% 10%

0% -10% -20% -30% -40% -50% -60%

9.3%

-8.3% -23.2%

New York State

2.9% NA

5.8%

-37.8%

-26.3%

-23.0%

-50.1%

criminaljustice.

Change in Crime Volume: 2011 vs. 2020

Between 2011 and 2020, Index crime declined, with 106,461 fewer crimes reported statewide.

500,000

New York State Index Crime Counts

This represents a 23.7 percent reduction in the volume of reported crime over the 10-year period.

Although there was a marginal increase in Index crime from 2019 to 2020, reported Index crime remains at a near-historic low.

448,914

400,000 300,000

-23.7%

342,453

200,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Regional Trends in Crime: 2011 to 2020

300,000 250,000 200,000

257,248 191,666

150,000

100,000

Regional Trends in Index Crime

-35.8% -7.5%

177,319 165,134

50,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

New York City

Non-New York City

51,209

50,000

Regional Trends in Violent Crime

-6.3%

47,959

30,000

26,258

-14.0%

22,584

10,000 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

New York City

Non-New York City

Index crimes in the state's two regions -- New York City (five counties), and Non-New York City (57 counties) -- declined from 2011 to 2020. The Non-New York City decline significantly outpaced the decrease in New York City. Between 2011 and 2020, reported Index crime declined 35.8 percent in Non-New York City as compared to 7.5 percent in New York City.

In 2020, crime volume in Non-New York City was lower than New York City for the second year in a row.

The decrease in violent crime in Non-New York City also was greater than in New York City: 14 percent vs. 6.3 percent.

As noted, the state's implementation of the FBI's expanded definition of rape resulted in an increase in violent crime in both regions from 2014 to 2015. This change resulted in 3,220 additional crimes being classified as rape in 2020; prior to the change, those offenses would have been classified by the FBI and state as Part II sex offenses.

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Statewide Crime Trends: 2019 vs. 2020

The number of Index crimes reported in New York State increased 1.7 percent in 2020 as compared to the previous year.

Violent crime increased by 1 percent. There were fewer reported rapes (-15.5%) and robberies (-3.1%) but increases in reported murders and aggravated assaults. There were 266 more murders (+46.7%) reported in 2020 vs. 2019 (836 vs. 570). There were approximately 2,000 additional aggravated assaults reported in 2020 as compared to 2019.

Property crime increased by 1.9 percent. While there were significant increases in motor vehicle theft (+54.3) and burglary (+16.8%), these increases were offset by a 2.9 percent decrease in larceny, which comprise more than 80 percent of all property crimes reported.

Percentage Change in Crime Volume 2019 vs. 2020

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0% -10% -20%

1.7%

New York State

46.7%

54.3%

1.0%

16.8%

4.5% 1.9%

-3.1%

-2.9%

-15.5%

Regional Crime Trends: 2019 vs. 2020

New York City

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0% -10% -20%

46.7%

67.7% 41.2%

4.2% 0.3%

5.8% 2.3% -1.6% -18.7%

-0.7%

New York City Index crimes increased (+4.2%) in 2020, largely due to the increase in reported property crimes (+5.8%).

Violent crime increased slightly (+0.3%), with increases in murder (+46.7%) and aggravated assault (+2.3%). There were fewer rapes (-18.6%) and robberies (-1.6%) reported.

Motor vehicle theft (+67.7%) and burglary (+41.2%) increased.

Non-New York City

70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10%

0% -10% -20%

46.6%

2.4% -0.9%

9.7%

-7.5% -13.2%

-1.4%

44.0%

3.3% -4.9%

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Non-New York City Crime in Non-New York City declined less than 1 percent (-0.9%) when compared to 2019. There were decreases in rapes (-13.2%), robberies (-7.5%) and larcenies (-4.9%).

Violent crime increased (+2.4%), with increases in murder (+46.6%) and aggravated assault (+9.7%).

Motor vehicle theft (+44%) and burglary (+3.3%) increased.

Appendix 3 lists crime rates by county for 2020 and Appendix 6 details crime counts by county for 2019 as compared to 2020.

Division of Criminal Justice Services

Trends in Violent Crime by Firearm: 2016 vs. 2020

In New York City, the number of violent crimes involving firearms increased 19.5 percent from 2016 to 2020 (5,393 vs. 6,442) and the 2020 total was 49.6 percent higher than the 4,305 crimes by firearm reported in 2019.

Violent crimes involving a firearm in Non-New York City were stable when comparing 2016 to 2020 (4,639 vs. 4,657), but there was a 29.1 percent increase from 2019 to 2020, after three consecutive years of decline.

See Appendix 4 for more details.

8,000 6,000 4,000

New York City Violent Crime by Firearm

5,393

4,747

4,245 4,305

6,442

8,000 6,000 4,000

Non-New York City Violent Crime by Firearm

4,639

4,065

3,658 3,607

4,657

2,000

2,000

0 New York City

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

0 Non-New York City

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Regional Trends in Homicide: 2011 through 2020

In 2020, there was a substantial increase in homicides statewide, driven by a 21.2 percent increase in firearm-related homicides. There were 836 homicides reported, a 46.7 percent increase when compared to 2019. Of those 836 homicides, 543 were firearm-related, the highest number reported in the 10-year period.

The 836 homicides were the most since 2010, when 866 homicides were reported. Increases occurred in both regions of the state in 2020: New York City (468 vs. 319) and Non-New York City (368 vs. 251) were both up nearly 47 percent.

When comparing 2011 to 2020, homicides statewide increased 8.6 percent (836 vs. 770) in 2020. Regionally, homicides declined 9.1 percent (468 vs. 515) in New York City and increased 44.3 percent (368 vs. 255) in Non-New York City when comparing the same two years.

New York State Homicides 2011 - 2020 % Change

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2019-20 2011-20

New York State Total Homicide Non-Firearm Related Firearm Related

New York City Total Homicide Non-Firearm Related Firearm Related

Non-New York City Total Homicide Non-Firearm Related Firearm Related

770 688 645 616 620 631 551 567 570 836 46.7% 8.6% 322 277 279 267 234 262 255 240 266 293 10.2% -9.0% 448 411 366 349 386 369 296 327 304 543 78.6% 21.2%

515 419 335 333 352 335 292 295 319 468 46.7% -9.1% 200 178 141 145 117 132 139 134 156 169 8.3% -15.5% 315 241 194 188 235 203 153 161 163 299 83.4% -5.1%

255 269 310 283 268 296 259 272 251 368 46.6% 44.3% 122 99 138 122 117 130 116 106 110 124 12.7% 1.6% 133 170 172 161 151 166 143 166 141 244 73.0% 83.5%

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Appendices 1 through 6

Data Source: DCJS Uniform Crime Reporting file; includes all reports received by the agency as of August 23, 2021.

The increase in violent crime and rape between 2014 and 2015 is attributable to New York State's implementation of the FBI's expanded definition of rape.

Appendix 6 shows index crime by county for 2019 and 2020 and the percent change in crime volume between those two years. Additional detail on reported crime by police agencies within each county as well as the number of months for which specific agencies have not reported is also available on the DCJS website.

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Appendix 1 New York State Index Crime Counts and Rates per 100,000 Population: 2011-2020

Counts

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

% change 2019-20 2011-20

Index Crime Violent Crime Murder Rape Robbery Agg. Assault Property Crime Burglary Larceny MV Theft

448,914 77,467 770 2,773 28,353 45,571

371,447 65,090

287,702 18,655

452,361 79,300 688 2,830 28,554 47,228

373,061 64,079

291,780 17,202

432,695 76,481 645 2,616 27,179 46,041

356,214 56,178

284,527 15,509

410,179 72,365 616 2,537 23,994 45,218

337,814 50,666

271,415 15,733

391,447 75,157 620 6,151 23,888 44,498

316,290 44,069

256,879 15,342

377,987 74,124 631 6,245 22,286 44,962

303,863 39,746

249,779 14,338

363,138 70,694 551 6,383 20,067 43,693

292,444 34,872

244,203 13,369

349,074 68,563 567 6,723 18,191 43,082

280,511 31,043

236,358 13,110

336,813 69,869 570 6,637 18,072 44,590

266,944 27,599

226,643 12,702

342,453 70,543 836 5,610 17,506 46,591

271,910 32,239

220,072 19,599

1.7% 1.0% 46.7% -15.5% -3.1% 4.5% 1.9% 16.8% -2.9% 54.3%

-23.7% -8.9% 8.6% N/A

-38.3% 2.2%

-26.8% -50.5% -23.5%

5.1%

Rates per 100,000 Pop.

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

% change 2019-20 2011-20

Index Crime Violent Crime Murder Rape Robbery Agg. Assault Property Crime Burglary Larceny MV Theft

2,306.8 398.1 4.0 14.2 145.7 234.2

1,908.7 334.5

1,478.4 95.9

2,312.0 405.3 3.5 14.5 145.9 241.4

1,906.7 327.5

1,491.3 87.9

2,202.4 389.3 3.3 13.3 138.3 234.3

1,813.1 285.9

1,448.2 78.9

2,077.7 366.6 3.1 12.9 121.5 229.0

1,711.2 256.6

1,374.8 79.7

1,977.9 379.7 3.1 31.1 120.7 224.8

1,598.1 222.7

1,297.9 77.5

1,914.7 375.5 3.2 31.6 112.9 227.8

1,539.3 201.3

1,265.3 72.6

1,829.9 356.2 2.8 32.2 101.1 220.2

1,473.6 175.7

1,230.5 67.4

1,786.7 350.9 2.9 34.4 93.1 220.5

1,435.7 158.9

1,209.7 67.1

1,731.8 359.2 2.9 34.1 92.9 229.3

1,372.5 141.9

1,165.3 65.3

1,771.4 364.9 4.3 29.0 90.6 241.0

1,406.5 166.8

1,138.4 101.4

2.3% 1.6% 47.6% -15.0% -2.5% 5.1% 2.5% 17.5% -2.3% 55.2%

-23.2% -8.3% 9.3% N/A

-37.8% 2.9%

-26.3% -50.1% -23.0%

5.8%

New York City

Index Crime Violent Crime Murder Rape Robbery Agg. Assault Property Crime Burglary Larceny MV Theft

Appendix 2 New York State Index Crime Summary by Region: 2011-2020

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

% change 2020 2019-20 2011-20

191,666 51,209 515 1,092 19,773 29,829

140,457 18,159

112,864 9,434

195,753 52,993 419 1,162 20,201 31,211

142,760 18,635

115,935 8,190

194,355 52,384 335 1,112 19,170 31,767

141,971 16,606

117,931 7,434

185,191 49,444 333 1,070 16,581 31,460

135,747 15,916

112,107 7,724

179,948 50,088 352 2,244 16,946 30,546

129,860 14,098

108,376 7,386

174,402 49,124 335 2,372 15,544 30,873

125,278 12,041

106,868 6,369

171,248 46,433 292 2,375 13,995 29,771

124,815 11,104

107,976 5,735

174,164 46,113 295 2,814 12,962 30,042

128,051 10,837

111,680 5,534

170,120 47,821 319 2,770 13,396 31,336

122,299 9,846

106,931 5,522

177,319 47,959 468 2,253 13,182 32,056

129,360 13,906

106,196 9,258

4.2% 0.3% 46.7% -18.7% -1.6% 2.3% 5.8% 41.2% -0.7% 67.7%

-7.5% -6.3% -9.1%

N/A -33.3%

7.5% -7.9% -23.4% -5.9% -1.9%

Non-New York City

Index Crime Violent Crime Murder Rape Robbery Agg. Assault Property Crime Burglary Larceny MV Theft

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

% change 2020 2019-20 2011-20

257,248 26,258 255 1,681 8,580 15,742

230,990 46,931

174,838 9,221

256,608 26,307 269 1,668 8,353 16,017

230,301 45,444

175,845 9,012

238,340 24,097 310 1,504 8,009 14,274

214,243 39,572

166,596 8,075

224,988 22,921 283 1,467 7,413 13,758

202,067 34,750

159,308 8,009

211,499 25,069 268 3,907 6,942 13,952

186,430 29,971

148,503 7,956

203,585 25,000 296 3,873 6,742 14,089

178,585 27,705

142,911 7,969

191,890 24,261 259 4,008 6,072 13,922

167,629 23,768

136,227 7,634

174,910 22,450 272 3,909 5,229 13,040

152,460 20,206

124,678 7,576

166,693 22,048 251 3,867 4,676 13,254

144,645 17,753

119,712 7,180

165,134 22,584 368 3,357 4,324 14,535

142,550 18,333

113,876 10,341

-0.9% 2.4% 46.6% -13.2% -7.5% 9.7% -1.4% 3.3% -4.9% 44.0%

-35.8% -14.0% 44.3%

N/A -49.6%

-7.7% -38.3% -60.9% -34.9% 12.1%

Note: The increase in violent crime and rape between 2014 and 2015 is attributable to New York State's implementation of the FBI's expanded definition of rape.

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County

Albany Allegany Bronx Broome Cattaraugus Cayuga Chautauqua Chemung Chenango Clinton Columbia Cortland Delaware Dutchess Erie Essex Franklin Fulton Genesee Greene Hamilton Herkimer Jefferson Kings Lewis Livingston Madison Monroe Montgomery Nassau New York Niagara Oneida

Appendix 3 New York State Index Crime Summary by County: 2020

Rates per 100,000 Population

Crime Rate Index Violent Property

2,440.4 881.5

2,562.2 2,752.3 1,182.0 1,593.8 2,331.9 1,825.2 1,685.7 1,427.4 1,231.6 1,830.3 1,077.2 1,265.9 2,376.3

894.5 1,304.3 1,817.9 1,454.6 1,176.1 1,059.4 1,485.3 1,894.4 1,996.4

552.9 909.0 1,358.6 2,055.8 1,559.7 906.4 2,936.9 2,289.9 1,965.1

367.1 160.5 928.8 350.7 170.2 262.8 312.9 208.9 242.7 160.4 160.1 206.0 159.2 194.2 402.2 172.0 157.5 214.4 182.3 411.3 161.2 174.9 256.4 571.8

88.3 83.5 190.8 301.6 137.3 135.3 570.7 315.2 245.4

2,073.3 721.0

1,633.4 2,401.6 1,011.8 1,331.0 2,019.0 1,616.3 1,443.1 1,266.9 1,071.5 1,624.4

918.0 1,071.7 1,974.1

722.5 1,146.8 1,603.5 1,272.4

764.8 898.2 1,310.4 1,638.0 1,424.6 464.6 825.5 1,167.8 1,754.2 1,422.4 771.2 2,366.2 1,974.7 1,719.7

County

Crime Rate Index Violent Property

Onondaga Ontario Orange Orleans Oswego Otsego Putnam Queens Rensselaer Richmond Rockland St Lawrence Saratoga Schenectady Schoharie Schuyler Seneca Steuben Suffolk Sullivan Tioga Tompkins Ulster Warren Washington Wayne Westchester Wyoming Yates

2,185.2 1,385.7 1,255.4 1,157.4 1,553.0 1,083.0

408.0 1,666.9 2,019.8 1,082.9

841.0 1,057.1

964.2 2,480.5 1,028.7

277.8 1,301.1

914.4 1,236.5 1,133.4

903.4 2,092.9 1,056.7 1,166.5

577.7 1,497.8 1,069.9

772.3 894.6

354.4 153.8 173.8 158.2 168.3 127.5

37.9 428.6 288.6 289.3 104.5 127.6

95.4 360.2 140.4

56.7 163.4 124.0

89.9 195.4 124.0 165.4 126.2 121.5 130.4 191.2 164.5 114.3

64.8

1,830.9 1,231.9 1,081.6

999.3 1,384.7

955.5 370.1 1,238.3 1,731.2 793.6 736.4 929.5 868.8 2,120.4 888.3 221.1 1,137.7 790.4 1,146.5 938.0 779.5 1,927.5 930.5 1,045.0 447.3 1,306.6 905.4 658.0 829.8

New York City Non-New York City New York State

2,136.3 1,496.8 1,771.4

577.8 1,558.5 204.7 1,292.1 364.9 1,406.5

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Violent Crime Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

AAppppeennddiixx 44 VVioiolelennttCCrriimmee bbyyFFiirreeaarmrm

22001166 -- 22002200

New York City

2016 49,124 5,393 11.0%

2017 46,433 4,747 10.2%

2018 46,113 4,245 9.2%

2019 47,821 4,305 9.0%

2020 47,959 6,442 13.4%

% Change 2019-20 2016-20

0.3% -2.4% 49.6% 19.5%

Murder Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

335 203 60.6%

292 153 52.4%

295 161 54.6%

319 163 51.1%

468 299 63.9%

46.7% 83.4%

39.7% 47.3%

Rape Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

2,372 20

0.8%

2,375 19

0.8%

2,814 18

0.6%

2,770 17

0.6%

2,253 22

1.0%

-18.7% 29.4%

-5.0% 10.0%

Robbery Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

15,544 2,556 16.4%

13,995 2,151 15.4%

12,962 1,865 14.4%

13,396 1,679 12.5%

13,182 2,070 15.7%

-1.6% 23.3%

-15.2% -19.0%

Agg Assault Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

30,873 2,614 8.5%

29,771 2,424 8.1%

30,042 2,201 7.3%

31,336 2,446 7.8%

32,056 4,051 12.6%

2.3% 65.6%

3.8% 55.0%

Violent Crime Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

2016 25,000 4,639 18.6%

2017 24,261 4,065 16.8%

Non-New York City

2018 22,450 3,658 16.3%

2019 22,048 3,607 16.4%

2020 22,584 4,657 20.6%

% Change 2019-20 2016-20

2.4% -9.7% 29.1% 0.4%

Murder Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

296 166 56.1%

259 143 55.2%

272 166 61.0%

251 141 56.2%

368 244 66.3%

46.6% 73.0%

24.3% 47.0%

Rape Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

3,873 17

0.4%

4,008 19

0.5%

3,909 25

0.6%

3,867 17

0.4%

3,357 18

0.5%

-13.2% -13.3%

5.9%

5.9%

Robbery Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

6,742 2,116 31.4%

6,072 1,679 27.7%

5,229 1,463 28.0%

4,676 1,301 27.8%

4,324 1,228 28.4%

-7.5% -5.6%

-35.9% -42.0%

Agg Assault Firearm Related Percent Firearm Related

14,089 2,340 16.6%

Office of Justice Research & Performance

13,922 2,224 16.0%

13,040 2,004 15.4%

8

13,254 2,148 16.2%

14,535 3,167 21.8%

9.7% 47.4%

3.2% 35.3%

Division of Criminal Justice Services

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