Educator Diversity Report December 2019 - New York …

Educator Diversity Report

Submitted to the Governor and Legislature of the State of New York

December 2019

Contents

Executive Summary......................................................................................................................... 6 I. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 10

Purpose of this Report............................................................................................................... 11 Defining Diversity ...................................................................................................................... 11 Research on the Value of Diversity in the Educator Workforce ............................................... 12 Data Sources and Limitations.................................................................................................... 13 II. New York State Educator Diversity Data Findings................................................................. 16 Teacher Racial and Ethnic Diversity .......................................................................................... 16 Diversity of School Leaders ....................................................................................................... 25 Teacher and Leader Gender Diversity....................................................................................... 27 Teacher Age............................................................................................................................... 31 III. Hurdles and Challenges on the Pathway to a Career in Education ................................... 35 P-12 Educational Disparities...................................................................................................... 35 Educator Preparation ................................................................................................................ 37

Data on Educator Preparation Enrollment by Race and Gender .......................................... 37 Educator Preparation Program Completion.......................................................................... 46 Barriers to Educator Preparation Recruitment and Completion: Discussion....................... 48 Certification Exams ................................................................................................................ 51 Hiring ......................................................................................................................................... 55 Retention in Employment ......................................................................................................... 58 IV. Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 61 Regents Proposals ..................................................................................................................... 61 V. A Closer Look at Each Recommendation: Survey Results and Current Efforts .................... 63 1. Discuss educator diversity with stakeholders and set an intention to address it ............. 63 Survey Suggestions: Intentional Commitments to Diversity to Attract Candidates ............ 64 Current Efforts: Strategic Campaigns ................................................................................... 68 2. Partner to build pathways in your region .......................................................................... 70 Survey Suggestions: Expand Early Recruitment and Pipeline Partnerships ......................... 71 Current Efforts: "Grow Your Own" Initiatives ...................................................................... 71 Current Efforts: Alternative Preparation Pathways, Recruitment from Other Disciplines .. 76 3. Establish supports to enable candidates to clear the hurdles and overcome challenges 80

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Survey Suggestions: Financial Investments .......................................................................... 80 Survey Suggestions: Encouraging Persistence through Completion.................................... 82 Current Efforts: Supportive Preparation Models ................................................................. 84 Current Efforts: Teacher Opportunity Corps ........................................................................ 87 Survey Findings: Recruitment of and Support for Paraprofessionals .................................. 89 4. Take an informed look at recruitment, admissions, and hiring practices ......................... 93 Current Efforts: Recruiting and Hiring Practices................................................................... 94 Survey Findings: Educator Preparation Programs Recruitment Practices ........................... 95 Survey Findings: School/District Recruitment and Hiring Practices ................................... 100 5. Induct, develop, retain, and promote effective educators of color ................................ 102 Survey Suggestions: Improving Working Environments for Educators of Color ................ 102 Survey Suggestions: Mentorship and Induction................................................................. 102 Survey Suggestions: Career Ladders and Financial Incentives ........................................... 103 Current Efforts: Retention and Development .................................................................... 103 Survey Findings: Retention Supports.................................................................................. 104 6. Ensure transparency, accountability, and research ........................................................ 107 Current Efforts: Engaging in Research and Information-Sharing ....................................... 107 Survey Findings: Tracking Diversity Efforts......................................................................... 108 Future Research................................................................................................................... 111 Next Steps ................................................................................................................................... 111 Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................... 112 Appendix A: Overview of New York's Teacher Preparation and Certification Process ............. 113 Appendix B: Publicly Available Data .......................................................................................... 117 Appendix C: Literature Review and Examples ........................................................................... 119 Part 1: Current Research ........................................................................................................ 119 Part 2: Promising Practices and State Policy Examples........................................................... 132 Appendix D: New York State's BOCES Regions and Regent Districts.......................................... 158 Appendix E: NYSED Educator Diversity Survey .......................................................................... 164 Appendix F: New York State Certification Exam Validation Process ......................................... 186 Sources........................................................................................................................................ 193 Endnotes ..................................................................................................................................... 198

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Figures

Figure 1: New York State's students are growing increasingly diverse. ....................................... 16 Figure 2: Eighty percent of New York State's in-service teachers identify as White. .................. 17 Figure 3: The diversity of New York State's students and teachers is at an imbalance. .............. 18 Figure 4: Teacher diversity and student diversity vary widely across districts and regions. ....... 19 Figure 5: The Big Five cities have some of the highest student and teacher diversity in the state. ....................................................................................................................................................... 20 Figure 6: Outside of the Big Five cities, there was one teacher of color for every 129 students of color (2011-2017).......................................................................................................................... 21 Figure 7: Most districts statewide employ less than 5% teachers of color. ................................. 23 Figure 8: New York State has increased the number of teachers of color employed statewide. 24 Figure 9: Teacher of color growth has not kept pace with increasing student of color enrollment in traditional district schools. ....................................................................................................... 25 Figure 10: Eighty-five percent of school district leaders identify as White.................................. 26 Figure 11: The diversity gap among school leaders is greater outside of New York City. ........... 27 Figure 12: Male teachers are underrepresented in most teaching assignments......................... 28 Figure 13: The greatest share of New York State's male educators teach Social Studies............ 29 Figure 14: The female teacher workforce is slightly more diverse in New York City. .................. 30 Figure 15: School leaders have a significantly smaller gender gap than in-service teachers in traditional district schools. ........................................................................................................... 31 Figure 16: The age of New York State's teacher workforce has experienced little change. ........ 32 Figure 17: Half of New York State teachers are between the ages of 33 and 48......................... 33 Figure 18: Overall, the teacher workforce is younger in New York City. ..................................... 34 Figure 19: New York State's high school graduation rates are increasing overall. ...................... 36 Figure 20: Three percent of New York State's postsecondary students enroll in educator preparation programs................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 21: Sixty-one percent of educator preparation program enrollees are White. ................ 39 Figure 22: New York has the 7th highest percentage of students of color in educator preparation programs in the United States.................................................................................. 40 Figure 23: Educator preparation programs are gradually diversifying......................................... 42 Figure 24: The current state of diversity in New York's educator pipeline. ................................. 43 Figure 25: New York City has more diverse educator preparation program enrollment than the rest of the state............................................................................................................................. 44 Figure 26: Seventy-five percent of pre-service teachers of color are enrolled in programs in New York City. ....................................................................................................................................... 45 Figure 27: New York State's gender gap is growing in its most populated districts. ................... 46 Figure 28: SUNY institutions have the highest graduation rate for students of color in bachelordegree programs........................................................................................................................... 47 Figure 29: The edTPA has an average pass rate of 82% in New York State. ................................ 52 Figure 30: The Educating All Students (EAS) Test has an average pass rate of 96 percent. ........ 53 Figure 31: Content Specialty Tests (CSTs) have an overall pass rate of 94 percent. .................... 54 Figure 32: Populations of color are low across Upstate, Central, and Western New York, and higher in the Lower Hudson, New York City, and Long Island...................................................... 57

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Figure 33: Question #38................................................................................................................ 65 Figure 34: Question #40................................................................................................................ 67 Figure 35: Alternative, IHE-based educator preparation programs are closing the diversity gap. ....................................................................................................................................................... 77 Figure 36: Most alternative, IHE-based educator preparation programs are located in New York City. ............................................................................................................................................... 79 Figure 37: Question #39................................................................................................................ 81 Figure 38: Question #17, Educator Preparation Deans ................................................................ 83 Figure 39: Most state-funded diversity programs are located in New York City ......................... 87 Figure 40: Question #33, P-12 Superintendents & BOCES District Superintendents ................... 90 Figure 41: Question #34................................................................................................................ 92 Figure 42: Question #16, Educator Preparation Deans ................................................................ 96 Figure 43: Question #14, Educator Preparation Deans ................................................................ 98 Figure 44: Question #18, Educator Preparation Deans ................................................................ 99 Figure 45: Question #27.............................................................................................................. 101 Figure 46: Question #19, Educator Preparation Deans .............................................................. 105 Figure 47: Question #31, P-12 Superintendents & BOCES District Superintendents ................. 106 Figure 48: Question #21, Educator Preparation Deans .............................................................. 109 Figure 49: Question #29.............................................................................................................. 110

Tables

Table 1: Districts with the highest enrollment of students of color employ the highest number of teachers of color. .......................................................................................................................... 22 Table 2: New York State's traditional preparation programs enroll 10 times as many students as alternative programs .................................................................................................................... 78

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