Newton’s Laws of Motion
Newton’s Laws of Motion
I. Newton’s 1st Law of Motion - Inertia
• Law states that an object at rest will stay at rest, or an object in motion will stay in motion unless a force acts upon it
o What does it mean by a force?
▪ A push or pull in a specific direction
• examples: gravity, magnetism, air, friction
▪ contact force - force touches object
▪ non-contact force - force does not touch object
o What is a balanced force?
▪ a force that is equal in strength and opposite in direction
▪ they cancel each other out so the force = 0 Newtons
▪ results in no motion
o What is an unbalanced force?
▪ a force that is unequal and moves towards the stronger force
▪ if the forces (arrows) are going in the same direction ( add the forces together
▪ if the forces are going in different directions ( subtract the forces
o We use a vector (or an arrow) to show the direction and strength of a force
▪ the longer the arrow, the stronger the force
▪ the shorter the arrow, the weaker the force
• Other things to know about Inertia
o What is a mass?
▪ the amount of “stuff” or matter in an object
▪ more mass = more inertia
▪ less mass = less inertia
II. Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
• F = ma (force = mass x acceleration)
o units for each
▪ force - Newton (N)
▪ mass - kilograms (kg) or grams (g)
▪ acceleration - meters per second squared (m/s2)
o Using the F=ma formula
▪ Solving for Force
• F = ma mass times acceleration
• answer is in Newtons (N)
▪ Solving for mass
• m = F / a force divided by acceleration
• answer is in kilograms (kg)
▪ Solving for acceleration
• a = F / m force divided by mass
• answer is in meters per second squared (m/s2)
• Other things to know about Newton’s 2nd Law
o Mass vs. weight
▪ mass always stays the same
▪ weight changes with gravity
▪ weight is the force of gravity on an object
▪ more mass = more gravity
▪ more distance = less gravity
o acceleration
▪ acceleration to Earth due to gravity is always 9.8 m/s2
III. Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
• Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
o examples: walking, kicking your foot back to make the skateboard to move forward, swimming, a bird flapping its wings to make it fly, the space shuttle taking off
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