Name: __________________________ Date:



Chapter 1 Review: The Nature of Probability and Statistics

Test: September 22nd

The following concepts must be studied in order to perform well on your first chapter test.

Short Constructed Response

1. What level of measurement would be applied when doing a survey on the average American's shoe size?

2. Which branch of statistics would employ probability to predict how many miles one should be able to drive a 2000 Toyota Celica during its lifetime?

3. What level of measurement classifies data into mutually exclusive categories in which no order or ranking can be imposed on the data?

4. How might a telephone survey performed between the hours of 8 AM and 5 PM be biased?

Fill in the blank

5. Variables with values that are determined by chance are called _______________ variables.

6. The _______________ level of measurement classifies data into categories that can be ranked; however, precise differences between the ranks do not exist.

7. ____________________ is a decision-making process for evaluating claims about a population, based on information obtained from samples.

8. Determining the number of people from the state of Alaska who voted for a Republican in the last election is an example of ______________ measurement.

9. A ______________ variable assumes values that can be counted.

10. ______________ sampling is used when the population is large and it includes subjects residing over a large geographic area.

11. A ____________________ consists of all subjects that are being studied.

12. One advantage of a(n) ______________ study is that it occurs in a natural setting without intervention by the researcher.

13. In a true experimental study, the subjects should be assigned to groups randomly. If this is not possible and a researcher uses intact groups, they are performing a _______________ study

14. An independent variable can also be called a(n) ____________ variable.

15. If a researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables, the researcher is conducting a(n) ___________ study.

16. In an experimental study, manipulation of the_______________ variable is studied to see if it leads to changes in the _______________variable.

17. A television station interviews five movie viewers after the first showing of a movie. After finding out that all five enjoyed the movie very much, the reporter states that this movie will definitely be a big hit. This is an example of _________ ___________ .

18. In each of these statements tell whether descriptive or inferential statistics have been used.

a. By 2040 at least 3.5 billion people will run short of water.

b. Nine out of ten on-the-job fatalities are men.

c. Expenditures for the cable industry were $5.66 billion in 1996.

d. The median household income for people aged 25-34 is $35,888.

e. Allergy therapy makes bees go away.

f. Drinking decaffeinated coffee can raise cholesterol levels by7%.

g. The national average annual medicine expenditure per person is $1052.

19. Classify each as nominal-level, ordinal-level, interval-level, or ratio-level measurement.

a. Pages in the 25 best-selling mystery novels.

b. Rankings of golfers in a tournament.

c. Temperatures inside 10 pizza ovens.

d. Weights of selected cell phones.

e. Salaries of the coaches in the NFL.

f. Times required to complete a chess game.

g. Ratings of textbooks (poor, fair, good, excellent)

h. Number of amps delivered by battery chargers.

i. Ages of children in a day care center.

j. Categories of magazines in a physician’s office (sports, women’s, health, men’s, news).

20. Classify each variable as qualitative or quantitative.

a. Marital status of nurses in a hospital.

b. Time it takes to run a marathon.

c. Weights of lobsters in a tank in a restaurant.

d. Colors of automobiles in a shopping center parking lot.

e. Ounces of ice cream in a large milkshake.

f. Capacity of the NFL football stadiums.

g. Ages of people living in a personal care home.

21. Classify each variable as discrete or continuous.

a. Number of pizzas sold by Pizza Express each day.

b. Relative humidity levels in operating rooms at local hospitals.

c. Number of bananas in a bunch at several local supermarkets.

d. Lifetimes (in hours) of 15 iPod batteries.

e. Weights of the backpacks of first graders on a school bus.

f. Number of students each day who make appointments with a math tutor at a local college.

g. Blood pressures of runners in a marathon.

22. Give the boundaries of each value.

a. 36 inches b. 105.4 miles c. 72.6 tons d. 5.27 centimeters

23. Classify each sample as random, systematic, stratifies, or cluster.

a. In a large school district, all teachers from two buildings are interviewed to determine whether they believe the students have less homework to do now than in previous years.

b. Every seventh customer entering a shopping mall is asked to select her or his favorite store.

c. Nursing supervisors are selected using random numbers to determine annual salaries.

d. Every 100th hamburger manufactured is checked to determine its fat content.

e. Mail carriers of a large city are divided into four groups according to gender (male or female) and according to whether they walk or ride on their routes. Then 10 are selected from each group and interviewed to determine whether they have been bitten by a dog in the last year.

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