Wildland Firefighting (3rd Edition)-All Chapter Numbers
Wildland Firefighting (3rd Edition)
Chapter 1 - Wildland Fire Behavior: Fuel, Weather, & Topography
"By the Numbers"
▪ The National Fire Danger Rating system (NFDRS) lists 20 standard fuel models.
▪ The NFDRS models are aligned with 13 fire-behavior models to predict large area daily fire danger ratings.
▪ NFPA 1574, Aids to Determining Fuel Models for Fire Behavior, provides a complete explanation of fire behavior models.
▪ Fuels exposed to heat from the sun can reach 150oF.
▪ Most wildland fuels must be heated between 400oF to 700oF to ignite.
▪ Live fuels usually have a moisture content from 35% to 250% of their dehydrated rate.
|Live Fuel Moisture Content |
|Moisture Content |Stage of Development |
|300% |Fresh foliage, annuals |
|200% |Maturing foliage (still developing) |
|100% |Mature foliage & older perinnials |
|50% |Entering dormancy, coloration starting, some leaves have dropped|
|< 30% |Completely cured (dead fuels) |
▪ Dead plants have a moisture content between 1.5% to 30%.
▪ One fire behavior prediction system uses the following to determine the time it takes for moisture content to equalize with that of the surrounding air.
|Classification |Diameter of Fuel |
|1 hour | ................
................
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