Spin excitations in magnetic structures of different ...

[Pages:90]Spin excitations in magnetic structures of different dimensions

Wulf Wulfhekel Physikalisches Institut, Universit?t Karlsruhe (TH)

Wolfgang Gaede Str. 1, D-76131 Karlsruhe

0. Overview

Chapters of spin excitation

1. Why are excitations of any importance? 2. Excitations of ferromagnets in the Heisenberg model 3. Excitations of antiferromagnets in the Heisenberg model 4. Spin waves in bulk, thin films and stripes 5. Itinerant magnetism 6. Experimental techniques to study excitations

questions

1. Why are magnetic excitations of any importance?

Magnetic data storage

1. Why are magnetic excitations of any importance?

Write poles and GMR sensors

1. Why are magnetic excitations of any importance?

Reading (and writing) data from a disk

Typical data speed: 120MB/sec = 1GHz

1. Why are magnetic excitations of any importance?

Superparamagnetism

A single domain particle with e.g. uniaxial magnetic anisotropy due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy or a elongated shape (shape anisotropy) has two states with minimal energy.

In case the energy barrier given by the anisotropy cannot be overcome thermally within a certain time, the magnetic moment is stable.

In case the barrier can be overcome, the magnetic moment flips randomly between the states and the particle becomes superparamagnetic.

1. Why are magnetic excitations of any importance?

The magnetic moment of a bound electron

Magnetic moment of ring current (orbital moment)

l=

I

A=-e

r 2=

-e 2m

m

r2=

-e 2m

l =-B

l

Bohr magneton

B

=

e 2m

=

9.27?

10-24

J

/

T

Magnetic moment of spin (spin moment)

S=-B g s Land? factor of the electron

g =2.00232

In bulk spin moment usually dominates sl Attention: The magnetic moment behaves like an angular moment (precession).

1. Why are magnetic excitations of any importance?

Dynamic of magnetization reversal

Ground state of magnetic particle is single domain.

?MAG standard problem #4

NIST, Maryland (VA) USA, M. Donahue et al.

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