Summary of Brain and language
Summary of Brain and language
Aphasia. Language deficits as a result of brain damage (not speech deficits).
• Broca’s aphasia: Non-fluent, effortful speech. Severe problems in production but also some in comprehension (particular grammatical structures). Lesion often in left frontal lobe.
• Wernicke’s aphasia: Fluent but meaningless speech. Serious problems in comprehension and repetition. Production full of paraphasias (jargon). Lesion often in superior temporal gyurs.
• Conduction aphasia: Main problems in repetition. Lesion in arcuate fasciculus (connecting Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas).
• Mixed transcortical aphasia: Spared ability to repeat in spite of severe aphasia. Lesion surrounding an intact perisylvian area.
• Support for localizationism BUT…be aware of cross-linguistic studies and large variability across patients.
Hemispheric asymmetry
1. Aphasia in Sign language: Left hemisphere damage (as in hearing people).
2. Right hemisphere damage in signers affects visuo-spatial abilities that are independent from those supporting language.
3. Split-brain patients: Left hemisphere dominance for language.
4. Hemispheric asymmetries in intact individuals: Reaction time measures. Dichotic listening.
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