Sociology Final Exam Review Sheet



Sociology Exam Review (Fall) – A SHORT Time to PrepareName:Date:Period:UNIT I: Chapter 1 - Introduction to Sociology and Chapter 5 - Sociological ResearchDefine the following:anthropology economics political Science psychology sociology latent functions manifest functions social interaction sociological perspective theoriescontrol group experimental group population respondents stratified RandomUse your notes to identify the most important accomplishment of each person.Auguste Comte Emile Durkheim Karl Marx Herbert Spencer Max WeberUNIT 2: Chapter 2 – Culture and Chapter 3 - SocializationCh 2 Culture1. What is the definition of culture?3 Examples of Material Culture3 Examples of Non-Material Cultures1.1.2.2.3.3.Which type of culture is easier to change, material or non-material culture?Do cultures invent or borrow more?2.DefinitionExampleethnocentrismnormfolkwaymorecounter-culturesub-culturecultural relativismvalue contradiction(Fill in the blanks) If Abigail came to class wearing a soiled and torn blouse she would be violating a ________; but if she came to class not wearing a blouse (or any other garment) she would be violating a ________. 3. Describe two gestures that have very different meanings in different parts of the world.4. Define the following:diffusion discovery invention discrimination ethnic group laws minority group stereotype Chapter 3 - Socialization1. Describe the “nature” versus “nurture” debate. -What does nature mean?-What does nurture mean?2. What term is used to describe children who were raised in the wilderness or by wild animals?-Describe one of the examples from class.3. Describe the 1960s study using monkeys in the study of socialization:-Who was the scientist that conducted this study?-What did this study conclude?4. Describe Charles Cooley’s theory of “looking glass self.”5. Describe George Herbert Mead’s three stages of “taking the role of other.”6. Define Sigmund Freud’s terms:IDEgoSuperego7. Define Gender Socialization and give an example of this term for boys and girls.8. Describe the Life Courses that we described during our study of socialization.9. Name 4 Agents of Socialization.Agents of Socialization10. What is “Me-Time?” At what stage of the life course does one have the most “me-time?”UNIT 3 – Social Inequalities: Chapter 10 - Social Class1. What are the three variables- according to Max Weber- that define social class?2. Describe the Marxist definition of social class:-How many distinct social classes exist according to Marxists?3. According to Sociologists, what is included in the definition of the term wealth?4. What is the most important determinant of social prestige in the United States?5. What was the term C. Wright Mills used to refer to those who make the big decisions in American society?6. Define status contradiction and give the janitor example we talked about in class.7. Define the term feminization of poverty.8. In what region of the US is poverty the greatest? In what region is poverty the least?9. Define the following terms:MedicaidMedicareSocial SecurityUnemployed InsuranceEarned Income Tax Credit (EITC)State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP)National School Lunch ProgramSupplemental Nutrition for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)horizontal mobilityintergenerational mobilityintragenerational mobility vertical mobilityUnit 4 – Social Deviation: Chapter 8 - Deviance1. Define the term Relativity of Deviance.2. Define the term Stigma and give physical examples of stigmas.3. Name 2 situations when shaming would be effective and 2 situations when shaming would be ineffective.4. Define the term social control. Name 2 formal social controls and 2 informal social controls used in society.5. Define the term Degradation Ceremony. Give an example of when this is used in society. 6. Name 3 negative sanctions and 3 positive sanctions used in society.7. Define white collar crime and give an example of a white collar crime.8. Which sociological perspective views law as an instrument of oppression?9. Define the following terms:deterrence incapacitation retributionrecidivismUNIT 5 – Social Change: Chapter 21 - Collective Behavior and Social Movements1. Define Collective Behaviors and give 3 examples of different collective behaviors.2. Who developed the term Herd Mentality, and what does this term mean?3. Describe the term Gustav LeBon coined and explain the phenomenon that he was describing.4. What are the 5 stages in Herbert Blumer's model of the acting crowd?5. In his study of crowds, what conclusion did Clark McPhail reach?6. Collective behavior always involves something unusual. How did Turner and Killian predict people would react to deal with the novel situation? 7. Name the 5 types of crowd participants.Type of ParticipantRole they Play8. Define Moral Panic and give an example. 9. Describe the radio broadcast dramatization of War of the Worlds that caused widespread panic in 1938.10. Define the following social movements:social movementproactive reactive social movement organizationalterative redemptive reformativetransformative11. Who are the gatekeepers to social movements who play a very important role in the movement's success?12. What factor enables social movements to make it past the initial unrest and agitation stage? ................
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