Nonfiction (also called expository text) - provides ...



Nonfiction - (also called expository text) - provides information

• Purpose – explain, inform or persuade

• Types – newspapers, maps, instructions, recipes, forms, graphs, tables, charts, reports, advertisements

• Higher level thinking content

• Specialized vocabulary

• Text features – titles, illustrations, headings, subheadings, labels, footnotes, graphic organizers

Steps to understanding nonfiction text:

• Preview the titles, headings, and subheadings

• Use text features – graphic aides (diagrams, charts, graphs, and time lines)

• Understand text structure – comparing/contrasting, giving directions, describing or listing, sequence or time line, cause and effect, problem solution

Five common structures of nonfiction:

• Description or listing – provides information, such as facts, characteristics and attributes about a subject, event, person, or concept.

• Sequence or time order – presents a series of events that take place in time order

• Compare and contrast – points out the likenesses and or differences between two or more subjects

• Cause and effect – attempts to explain why something happened; how facts or events (causes) that lead to other facts or events (effects). A single cause has several effects. A single effect may have several causes.

• Problem/solution – describes a problem and presents one or more solutions to that problem.

Maps – a flat picture of earth

• Political map – shows information such as countries, states, cities, and capitals

• Physical map – shows the earth’s natural features, such as mountains, oceans, and rivers

• Landform map – shows the shape of Earth’s landmasses and bodies of water using colors and symbols

• Transportation map – shows how you can travel from one place to another

• Historical map – shows information about past events and places

Graphs – a drawing used to represent numerical information. The information is condensed and can be read quick and easily.

• Circle graph – also called a pie graph shows how something can be divided into parts or slices; shows how each part fits into the whole.

• Line graph – shows changes over time.

TEACHING GRAPHIC AIDS:

Diagram: gives the reader a picture of how a process or a relationships works.

• Read the title

• Read the deck

• Read the steps in the correct order

• Read the label and caption

• Study the illustrations

Chart: organizes information in a way that is clear and easy to understand.

• Start with the title to learn the topic of the chart

• Read the column headings and the labels for the rows

• Read the caption

• Use the information to make comparisons and draw conclusions.

|Reading Tools: Nonfiction text |

|Look over the whole article (think of it as a preview) |

|Read the title (it tells the topic of the article) |

|Read the deck or introduction and the headings to find out the main ideas you are going to be reading about. |

|Notice the special features. Are there any diagrams? Maps? Charts? These graphic aids illustrate what you’ve read or add new |

|information. Don’t skip them. Make sure you read the captions that go along with the illustrations. |

|Read the article. Look for helpful features like bolded words (they signal important vocabulary) and pronunciation keys. |

|Reading Tools: Magazine article |

|Preview the article to see what you are going to be reading about |

|Read the title (it tells the topic of the article) |

|Read the deck heading or introduction and the headings |

|Predict what you are going to be learning |

|Notice the special features. Are there any diagrams? Maps? Charts? These graphic aids illustrate what you’ve read or add new |

|information. Don’t skip them. Make sure you read the captions that go along with the illustrations. |

|Read the article. Look for helpful features like bolded words (they signal important vocabulary) and pronunciation keys. |

|Reading Tools: How to Read a Map |

|Read the Map Title |

|Find the symbols on the map (a picture that stands for a real thing) |

|Look at the map key (know what the symbols mean) |

|Read the labels on the map (names geographic places) |

|Find the map scale (show the relationship between distance) |

|Find the compass (shows direction –north, south, east, west) |

|Reading Tools: How to Read a Circle graph |

|Read the graph title |

|Look at each slice |

|Read the label (it tells what each section represents) |

|Reading Tools: How to Read a Line graph |

|Read the graph title |

|Read the labels on the graph (they tell what the set of numbers represents) |

|The dots in a line graph record an amount for a particular time |

|The dots are connected by a line which shows how something changes over time |

|To read the graph, use your finger to trace from the dot to the number at the side and time at the bottom |

|Follow the line to see how something increased or decreased |

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