Respiratory System



Respiratory System Practice Quiz1. What 3 factors affect the affinity of hemoglobin for O2? How would an increase in each factor affect affinity?2. Describe the following structures of the nose: root, bridge, tip.3. Describe the following structures of the nasal cavity: external nares, nasal concha, nasal septum, internal nares. What is the function of the nasal concha?4. What are the 3 segments of the pharynx and where is each located? Which one is a passageway for air only? Which ones serve as a passageway for both food and air?5. List the laryngeal cartilages. What is the function of the epiglottis? What is significant about the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage? Which ones are found in pairs?6. What type of tissue lines the trachea? What type of tissue makes up the tracheal rings and the majority of the larynx? What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis?7. What is the function of the soft palate & uvula during swallowing?8. List the parts of the respiratory tree in order from largest to smallest. How many secondary bronchi are there on each side?9. What is the diameter of a standard bronchiole? What is the diameter of a terminal bronchiole?10. Where are the vocal folds (cords) located?11. What is surfactant? Where is it located? What is its function?12. Which muscles contract during inspiration? What does their contraction do to intrapulmonary volume? What does it do to intrapulmonary pressure? At what point during this change will air enter the lungs?13. What causes normal, resting expiration? What muscles are involved with forceful expiration? During both instances what changes are seen in intrapulmonary volume and pressure?14. What gas law tells us that as volume increases, pressure decreases? What gas law tells us that each gas in a mixture exerts its own, independent pressure?15. Define partial pressure.16. List the 4 groups of the respiratory center. Where is each one located? What is the function of each one?17. In what 2 forms is oxygen transported in the blood? What percentage of O2 is transported in each form? In what 3 forms is carbon dioxide transported in the blood? What percentage of CO2 is transported in each form?18. Write out the formula on the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate.19. What is the purpose of the chloride shift?20. What is the normal resting breathing pattern? What is the normal respiration rate?21. Describe respiratory bronchioles and the alveolar sac.22. What is the function of alveoli? How many are typically found in each lung?23. Match the breathing patterns with their correct description.1) Eupneaa. higher than normal breathing rate2) Apnea b. difficult, labored, or painful breathing3) Dsypnea c. normal breathing4) Hyperventilation d. transient cessation of breathing5) Hypoventilatione. lower than normal breathing rate24. Match the lung volumes/capacities with their correct description.1) Tidal volume 2) Inspiratory reserve volume3) Expiratory reserve volume4) Residual volume5) Dead Space Volume6) Total lung capacity7) Vital capacitya. The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalationb. The total amount of exchangeable airc. Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalationd. The amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath under resting conditionse. The sum of all respiratory volumesf. The amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalationg. Amount of air in the respiratory pathway not involved in gas exchange25. Where in the body is pCO2 the highest? Where is it the lowest? Where in the body is pO2 the highest? Where is it the lowest?26. List the following lung capacities/volumes for males and females; total lung capacity, vital capacity, dead space volume, residual volume, tidal volume. 27. What are the 4 functions of the larynx?28. The respiratory center receives input from what locations? What do the chemoreceptors in the brain detect? What do chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and common carotids detect?29. What factors affect gas exchange in the body? How would an increase in each of these factors alter the rate of exchange?30. Match the respiratory disorder with its description. Two answers are used more than once. 1) Inflamed sinuses from a nasal cavity infection2) Inflammation of the vocal cords3) Inflammation of the pleural membranes4) Seen in premature infants; due to a lack of surfactant5) Air in the intrapleural spaces6) CO binds with Hb in place of O27) Infectious inflammation of the lungs (viral or bacterial)8) Permanent enlargement of the alveoli due to destruction of the alveolar walls9) Inhaled irritants lead to chronic excessive mucus production as well as inflammation and fibrosis of the mucosa10) Bronchoconstriction prevents airflow into the alveoli11) An infectious disease caused by a bacterium resulting in fibroid masses in the lungs12) Genetic disorder that causes an increase in mucus production resulting in clogged respiratory passages13) Alveoli collapse between breaths causing labored breathing and sometimes inadequate 14) Respiration lung collapse15) Caused by Mycobacteriuma. Sinusitish. Emphysemab. Laryngitis i. Chronic bronchitisc. Pleurisy j. Asthmad. Atelectasis k. Tuberculosise. Pneumothorax l. Cystic Fibrosisf. Carbon Monoxide Poisoningm. Pneumonia g. Infant Respiratory Distress Syndrome (IRDS) ................
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