The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography ...



The Cultural Landscape: Introduction to Human Geography, 9e (Rubenstein)

Chapter 12 Services

1)

The area of the city where retail and office activities historically were clustered was the

A)

central business district.

B)

central city.

C)

urbanized area.

D)

metropolitan statistical area.

E)

hub.

Answer:

A

Diff: 1

2)

Retail activities which tend to concentrate in the CBD include those which have

A)

a low threshold.

B)

a low range.

C)

service for office workers.

D)

a need for rapid transportation.

E)

all of the above

Answer:

C

Diff: 2

3)

The CBD attracts offices primarily because of its

A)

high accessibility.

B)

high land costs.

C)

more intensive land use.

D)

construction of skyscrapers.

E)

access to manufacturing facilities.

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

4)

Land values are high in the CBD primarily because of

A)

competition for limited space.

B)

high threshold and range.

C)

less intensive land use.

D)

construction of skyscrapers.

E)

lack of residential space.

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

5)

As a result of high land costs, the American CBD is characterized by

A)

less intensive land use.

B)

construction of skyscrapers.

C)

sprawl.

D)

high threshold and range.

E)

reuse of existing buildings.

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

6)

What activity tends to locate on the street-level floor of a skyscraper in a typical North American CBD?

A)

government

B)

industrial

C)

office

D)

retail

E)

education

Answer:

D

Diff: 1

7)

European CBDs are similar to those in North America because they both contain

A)

retail and office activities.

B)

extensive residential areas.

C)

skyscrapers.

D)

structures inherited from medieval times.

E)

high density residential space.

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

8)

A land use typically excluded from a North American CBD is

A)

government.

B)

industrial.

C)

office.

D)

retail.

E)

B and C

Answer:

B

Diff: 1

9)

Public transportation is better suited for commuting to the CBD primarily because

A)

it is less expensive.

B)

each traveler takes up less space.

C)

commuters desire to use it.

D)

the population of the CBD has declined.

E)

private transportation is prohibited.

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

10)

Because so few people live in the CBD, urban areas are characterized by a high degree of

A)

blockbusting.

B)

commuting.

C)

threshold.

D)

skyscrapers.

E)

restrictive zoning.

Answer:

B

Diff: 1

11)

Which of the following is a cultural reason for establishing a settlement?

A)

religion

B)

politics

C)

manufacturing

D)

family protection

E)

all of the above

Answer:

E

Diff: 2

12)

The most likely religious reason for the origin of settlements was a place to

A)

bury the dead.

B)

educate children.

C)

protect the group's assets.

D)

house the ruler.

E)

celebrate seasonal festivals.

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

13)

The most important political reason for the origin of settlements was a place to

A)

bury the dead.

B)

educate children.

C)

protect the group's assets.

D)

house the ruler.

E)

celebrate seasonal festivals.

Answer:

C

Diff: 2

14)

Economic reasons for settlements include which of the following?

A)

warehousing

B)

trading

C)

manufacturing

D)

defense

E)

All of the above

Answer:

E

Diff: 2

15)

Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in

A)

agriculture.

B)

manufacturing.

C)

services.

D)

education.

E)

all of the above

Answer:

A

Diff: 1

16)

Rural settlements differ from urban settlements primarily according to which type of activity?

A)

cultural

B)

economic

C)

political

D)

religious

E)

educational

Answer:

B

Diff: 1

17)

A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement?

A)

urban

B)

linear

C)

dispersed rural

D)

clustered rural

E)

primordial

Answer:

D

Diff: 1

18)

Most people in the world live in what type of settlement?

A)

clustered rural

B)

dispersed rural

C)

urban settlement

D)

metropolitan area

E)

primordial

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

19)

The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of

A)

collective land ownership.

B)

common grazing land.

C)

inheritance laws.

D)

need for access to a river.

E)

long distance between farms.

Answer:

D

Diff: 2

20)

The most significant impact on the rural landscape of Great Britain's enclosure movement was to

A)

encourage a dispersed rural settlement pattern.

B)

reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern.

C)

discourage urbanization.

D)

increase rural population.

E)

all of the above

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

21)

The most significant anticipated benefit of the enclosure movement was to

A)

destroy traditional village life.

B)

promote agricultural efficiency.

C)

replace abandoned villages with new farmsteads.

D)

discourage urbanization.

E)

all of the above

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

22)

Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America?

A)

Middle Atlantic

B)

New England

C)

Southeast

D)

Coastal margins

E)

all of the above

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

23)

The plantation was a common form of rural settlement in which region of colonial America?

A)

Middle Atlantic

B)

New England

C)

Southeast

D)

Coastal margins

E)

all of the above

Answer:

C

Diff: 1

24)

The fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A. D. brought about what change in urban settlements?

A)

development of city-states

B)

rapid urbanization

C)

reduction in urban population

D)

revival of urban life

E)

increased trade

Answer:

C

Diff: 1

25)

The typical medieval European urban settlements were characterized by the

A)

dispersal of palaces, churches, and other important buildings throughout the town.

B)

placement of buildings around a central market square.

C)

demolition of ancient walls surrounding the town.

D)

provision of parks and open space surrounding important churches.

E)

broad avenues in residential districts.

Answer:

B

Diff: 1

26)

The city-state is an example of

A)

an early form of urban settlement.

B)

a state dominated by its major city.

C)

a functional region.

D)

a local government of the Roman Empire.

E)

diffuse political functions.

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

27)

Which of the following is not primarily a Consumer Service?

A)

professional services

B)

retail services

C)

education services

D)

health services

E)

hospitality services

Answer:

A

Diff: 3

28)

Business services provide what kind of services?

A)

diffusion and distribution of services

B)

services to businesses

C)

services for the wellbeing of individuals

D)

security and protection

E)

product sales

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

29)

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the

A)

hinterland.

B)

range.

C)

threshold.

D)

median.

E)

meridian

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

30)

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is

A)

hinterland.

B)

range.

C)

threshold.

D)

median.

E)

meridian

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

31)

The minimum number of people needed to support a service is

A)

hinterland.

B)

range.

C)

threshold.

D)

median.

E)

meridian

Answer:

C

Diff: 2

32)

In a linear community, the best location for a service is the

A)

hinterland.

B)

range.

C)

threshold.

D)

median.

E)

meridian

Answer:

D

Diff: 2

33)

According to the gravity model, the potential use of a service at a location is related

A)

directly to population and inversely to distance.

B)

directly to distance and inversely to population.

C)

directly to both population and distance.

D)

inversely to both distance and population.

E)

to the presence of other services.

Answer:

A

Diff: 3

34)

The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is

A)

a circle.

B)

a hexagon.

C)

a square.

D)

a pentagon.

E)

an octagon.

Answer:

B

Diff: 1

35)

Larger settlements are

A)

more numerous and closer together.

B)

more numerous and farther apart.

C)

less numerous and farther apart.

D)

less numerous and closer together.

E)

more numerous and evenly dispersed.

Answer:

C

Diff: 2

36)

If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city?

A)

50,000

B)

100,000

C)

200,000

D)

500,000

E)

5,000,000

Answer:

C

Diff: 3

37)

If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution?

A)

central place

B)

economic base

C)

primate city

D)

rank-size

E)

equidistant

Answer:

C

Diff: 3

38)

Why is the absence of a rank-size distribution significant in a country like Romania?

A)

Consumers do not all have access to goods and services.

B)

The capital city Bucharest is a primate city.

C)

Consumers do not have to travel far for goods and services.

D)

Consumers are less likely to take buses to obtain goods and services.

E)

Central planning improved settlement distribution.

Answer:

A

Diff: 3

39)

A market area is a good example of what kind of region?

A)

cultural

B)

formal

C)

functional

D)

uniform

E)

diverse

Answer:

C

Diff: 2

40)

A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a

A)

basic industry.

B)

functional classification.

C)

nonbasic industry.

D)

primate city.

E)

consumer service.

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

41)

Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it

A)

changes the community's functional classification.

B)

stimulates new nonbasic industries.

C)

disrupts the central place hierarchy.

D)

changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements.

E)

replaces obsolete industry.

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

42)

The hierarchical organization of settlements by size is known as the

A)

primate city.

B)

economic base.

C)

gravity model.

D)

rank-size rule.

E)

nesting of settlements.

Answer:

D

Diff: 1

43)

A primate city is

A)

a city with political, economic, and cultural functions.

B)

at least twice as large as the next smaller city.

C)

the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese.

D)

a rapidly growing city.

E)

the center of gravity for a hinterland.

Answer:

B

Diff: 2

44)

A central place is a

A)

hinterland.

B)

market center.

C)

range of a good.

D)

rank-size distribution.

E)

circular settlement.

Answer:

B

Diff: 1

45)

Which of the following is a basic economic activity?

A)

video rental store

B)

grocery store

C)

gas station

D)

steel mill

E)

travel agency

Answer:

D

Diff: 1

46)

One of the most important basic activities in the southern Great Lakes region is

A)

manufacturing of durable goods.

B)

manufacturing of textiles.

C)

entertainment and recreation facilities.

D)

government and education.

E)

high technology services.

Answer:

A

Diff: 1

47)

LDCs specialize in what two types of business services?

A)

management consulting and staff training

B)

regional command and control centers

C)

biotechnology and medical research

D)

entertainment and recreation

E)

offshore financial and back office

Answer:

E

Diff: 3

48)

What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs?

A)

political stability and cultural diversity

B)

market threshold and service range

C)

military training and proximity to command and control centers

D)

low wage rates and workers who can speak English

E)

tax advantages and bank secrecy laws

Answer:

D

Diff: 3

49)

What technical development has allowed back office services to relocate to LDCs?

A)

telecommunications

B)

standard time zones

C)

improved public health services in tropical countries

D)

financial market reforms

E)

effective trademark enforcement

Answer:

A

Diff: 2

50)

Recent decades have seen greatest employment increases in which consumer service sector?

A)

transportation

B)

retail

C)

health

D)

entertainment

E)

temporary employment

Answer:

C

Diff: 3

51)

Rapid urbanization continues today in the more developed countries.

Answer:

True

[pic]

False

Diff: 1

52)

People who live in rural settlements are more likely to engage in secondary sector economic activities.

Answer:

True

[pic]

False

Diff: 2

53)

Linear settlement patterns were brought to North America by the French.

Answer:

[pic]

True

False

Diff: 2

54)

The colonial New England rural settlement pattern was clustered.

Answer:

[pic]

True

False

Diff: 2

55)

The frequency of periodic markets varies by culture.

Answer:

[pic]

True

False

Diff: 1

56)

Copenhagen and London are primate cities even though they are located in more developed countries.

Answer:

[pic]

True

False

Diff: 2

57)

Most inhabitants of developing countries live in urban areas.

Answer:

True

[pic]

False

Diff: 1

58)

According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country contains 1,000,000 inhabitants, the fifth largest city should contain 200,000 inhabitants.

Answer:

[pic]

True

False

Diff: 2

59)

The threshold of a service is the maximum distance that most of the customers are willing to travel.

Answer:

True

[pic]

False

Diff: 2

60)

Cities grew rapidly in Europe immediately after the collapse of the Roman Empire.

Answer:

True

[pic]

False

Diff: 1

61)

Business services are more likely to cluster in specialized business-service centers than in world cities or regional command and control centers.

Answer:

True

[pic]

False

Diff: 2

62)

List one distinctive characteristic of CBDs that results from very high land values.

Answer:

construction of high rises; exclusion of residential and industrial activities; subterranean construction (any one of these)

Diff: 2

63)

Shops with high thresholds are likely to locate in the CBD. Describe the other two types of retail activities likely to locate in the CBD.

Answer:

shops with a high range; shops appealing to office workers

Diff: 2

64)

According to the rank-size rule, if Romania's largest city (Bucharest) has nearly 2 million inhabitants, the second largest city (Iasi) should have ________ inhabitants.

Because in reality Iasi has less than this number, then Bucharest is an example of what kind of city?

According to the rank-size rule, the 100th largest city should have ________ inhabitants.

Answer:

1,000,000; primate city; 20,000

Diff: 3

65)

In view of the rank-size distribution in Romania, why had the past President of Romania, Nicolae Ceaucescu, ordered the demolition of thousands of rural villages, each containing a few hundred inhabitants, and the construction of cities of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants?

Answer:

enable rural residents to have access to goods and services

Diff: 3

66)

What is the advantage of displaying the rank-size distribution of cities on logarithmic paper?

Answer:

the distribution appears as a straight line

Diff: 2

67)

The British policy of combining many small farms into one large farm is known as ________.

Answer:

enclosure movement

Diff: 2

68)

Name three countries that provide offshore financial services not located on islands.

Answer:

Andorra; Liechtenstein; Monaco; Belize; Panama; Bahrain; Liberia (any three)

Diff: 2

69)

Developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization, which involves two types of population increases. One is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas. The other type of increase is an increase in the ________ of people in a society living in urban areas.

Answer:

number; percentage

Diff: 3

70)

An increase in the percentage of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor? Distinct from such percentage increases, an increase in the number of people in a society living in urban areas is due to what factor?

Answer:

migration from rural areas; overall population growth

Diff: 2

71)

Briefly define the economic base and state its significance to a settlement.

Answer:

a collection of industries in a community that sells its products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement. This affects the types of jobs available to the population as well as the strength and stability of the economy in the settlement.

Diff: 3

72)

Discuss the possible reasons for the origin of settlements.

Answer:

Varies

Diff: 3

73)

Outline the major principles of central place theory.

Answer:

Varies

Diff: 3

74)

Discuss the impact of globalization on modern world cities.

Answer:

Varies

Diff: 3

75)

Why does urbanization change the proportion of people employed in the various sectors of the economy? Which sector is concentrated in world cities? Why?

Answer:

Varies

Diff: 3

76)

Outline the steps a retailer should take in selecting the optimal location for a store.

Answer:

Varies

Diff: 3

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