CH3



CH5

19th CENTURY

CHANGES

(THE FLOWER)

Environment (Geography)

1. _____________________________ was the belief or doctrine that it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand its territory over the whole of North America and to extend and enhance its political, social, and economic influences.

2. The term for this expansion westward was coined in 1845 by a New York journalist, ___________________________________________.

3. Texas gained its’ independence from Mexico in 1836. Two of the most famous battles in this revolution were ___________________________ and ______________________________. Texas was ______________________ (or added) by the United States in 1845.

4. Things such as fur trading, mining, ranching, and the very famous ___________________________ of 1849 led to a tremendous migration westward.

5. Of the main overland migration routes on the North American continent, the most famous was the ________________________________________.

Seed (People)

1. Reasons for immigration and migration can be placed into one of two categories:

a. _________________________ factors

b. _________________________ factors

2. United States immigration was led largely by northwestern Europeans such as those from ___________________________________ who fled to avoid the tragic potato famines of the 1840’s.

3. Although congress banned the importation of slaves in 1808, slaves accounted for ___________________________ of the roughly 31 million people at the start of the Civil War.

4. The two most populous states in 1790 were ___________________________ and _______________________________________. The two most populous states at the start of the Civil War were __________________________________and _________________________________.

Roots (Loyalty, Emotion, Cohesion)

1. ___________________________________ wrote what became known as The Star Spangled Banner in 1814.

2. ____________________ conflict became a major concern as the North, South, and West became deeply divided over politics, economics, and social standards.

Stem (Culture)

1. Various forms of recreation were enjoyed throughout the 19th century including the emergence of the early stages of _________________________________ (as codified by Alexander Cartwright).

2. American Artists (Music, Painting, Writing)

a. ________________________________: PA. artist; Birds of America

b. ________________________________: The War For the Union; 1862

c. ________________________________: The Raven; 1845

d. ________________________________: Uncle Tom’s Cabin; 1852

e. ________________________________: Leaves of Grass; 1855

f. ________________________________: PA born; Father of American Music

g. ________________________________: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow; 1820

h. ________________________________: The Last of the Mohicans; 1826

Leaves (Groups)

1. The temperance movement was ______________________________________.

2. The abolitionist movement was _______________________________________.

3. ____________________________________ was a part of the reform movement to help the mentally insane and was instrumental in the founding of the first public mental hospital in PA.

4. ____________________________________ (who helped write the Declaration of Sentiments) and ____________________________________ who lead the suffrage movement were both important in the women’s rights movement.

5. The _____________________________, led by Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, exemplify the idea of community and religious reform in the 19th century.

6. The __________________________________________ was a religious movement, characterized by staged revivals and a focus on Christian thought, which swept throughout the United States.

The Petals (GEEF)

Government

1. __________________________ was the most critical political issue of the 19th century and was the greatest reason for a Civil War in 1861.

2. From the first existence of political parties in the late 1700’s, to the creation of the ___________________________________ Party in 1854, a constant political theme centered on state’s rights.

3. The ___________________________________, which led to the Trail of Tears, was a law with tragic results.

Education

1. ____________________________________ was a great American education reformer who pushed for compulsory education.

2. In addition to the thoughts of Jefferson who stressed the importance of learning citizenship, another common thread among many educational systems was to teach reading, writing, and arithmetic, often simply referred to as __________________________________________.

Economy

1. As the 19th century progressed, the Northern economy was fueled by _______________________ and the Southern economy was fueled by __________________________________.

2. Slavery, a huge commodity in the south, helped make ______________________ the most widely produced export in the United States.

3. The Industrial Revolution brought with it not just an increased upper and lower class but a new class of merchants, professionals, and manufacturers called ______________________________.

4. The industrial revolution (whether in agriculture, transportation, communication, business, military etc.) greatly improved technology and expanded the economy throughout the 19th century:

a. ________________________________: invented the cotton gin

b. ________________________________: created the Lowell System for factories

c. ________________________________: first major National Road (highway)

d. ________________________________: Bucks, PA. resident; first recorded steamboat

e. ________________________________: PA resident; first successful steamship operation

f. ________________________________: Father of the American Industrial Revolution

g. ________________________________: first transportation system linking east and west

h. ________________________________: first American-built steam locomotive

i. ________________________________: invented the of the single-wire telegraph system

j. ________________________________: most influential human-built U.S. waterway

Family

1. Although the _________________________ was the head of the household, the roles of women and children began to change throughout the 19th century.

2. The institution of _____________________ otherwise known as the “peculiar institution” allowed for the splitting up of families whereby family members could be sold off never to be seen again.

3. Family name and wealth meant more in the Northeast and South than it did in the_____________ ____________________________________.

WORD BANK

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Eli Whitney Manifest Destiny Slavery Tom Thumb

John O’Sullivan baseball Oregon Trail The Alamo Republican

Battle of San Jacinto Samuel Morse annexed cotton slavery

Robert Fulton Gold Rush Push Second Great Awakening

Susan B. Anthony Ireland Cumberland Road Francis Cabot Lowell

Indian Removal Act Pull 4 million Mormon Religion

Pennsylvania Virginia Horace Mann Transcontinental Railroad

agriculture New York Pennsylvania Francis Scott Key

Sectional Walt Whitman industry Edgar Allan Poe

John James Audubon father/man Winslow Homer Stephen Foster the 3 r’s

western frontier John Fitch Harriet Beecher Stowe Dorthea Dix

Washington Irving Erie Canal the middle class movement against alcohol

Samuel Slater movement to end slavery James Fenimore Cooper

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