Sem este r 1 - my (AWA

English 1

Semester 1

Content Review for Section 1

Vocabulary Practice

Vocabulary Word Definition

1. centered ____________________________________________________________

2. conceivable ____________________________________________________________

3. dexterity ____________________________________________________________

4. exquisite ____________________________________________________________

5. indeterminate ____________________________________________________________

6. inept

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7. intact

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8. neurotic

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9. unassuming ____________________________________________________________

10. variance

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Synonyms and Antonyms

Antonyms are opposites. An antonym is a word that is opposite in meaning to another word. Beginning and ending are antonyms because they are opposites.

Synonyms are similar. A synonym is a word that is similar in meaning to another word. Autumn and fall are synonyms because they mean similar things.

Reading Strategy: Using Context Clues

Context means "with text." It is the text (words) that surrounds another word. You can use context clues to figure out the meaning of a word that you don't know without having to look it up in the dictionary. There are four ways to use context clues:

1. Read the words and phrases before and after the unknown word. 2. Check for restatements of the unfamiliar word.

3. See if the word is defined by an example.

4. Look for word-within-a-word clues.

No matter which of the 4 methods you use, go back and reread the sentence and replace the unfamiliar word with the definition you think is the right one.

Audience, Purpose, and Task

In standardized tests, you are often given reading passages and then questioned about the author's purpose and audience. You may be given a writing test and instructed to complete a specific writing task.

The audience is the reader(s). Skilled writers are aware of their audience and tailor their writing accordingly.

The writer's purpose is the reason why s/he wrote a piece. The purpose can be to inform, to persuade, to entertain, or many others.

A task is a form of written material. It might be an essay, a letter, or a poem. There are many types of writing tasks.

Grammar: Adverbs and Adjectives

You already know that a complete sentence is a subject and a predicate.

The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing something or being a certain way.

The predicate is the action or state of being.

Adverbs and adjectives are descriptive words that modify (describe) other words. They make sentences more interesting and specific.

Adverbs: Tell how or when the action happened Add to the way an adjective describes another word Tell to what degree another adverb applies

Adjectives: Describe (modify) nouns and pronouns.

Suffixes

A suffix is a word part that is added to the end of a base word to create a new word. In order to spell the new word correctly, you need to pay attention to whether the suffix begins with a vowel or a consonant, because there are spelling rules for adding suffixes. You also need to notice the next-to-the-last and last letters in the base word. Adding suffixes to words ending in ?y

In general, when you add a suffix to a word ending with a y preceded by a consonant, change the y to an i.

If the letter before the final y in the word is a vowel, you usually don't change the y. You also keep the y when the suffix you are adding is ?ing.

Self-Test

After you have reviewed the content for Section 1 thoroughly, you are ready for this Self-Test. Use this Study Guide to help find the answers. When you have completed the Self-Test, use the Answer Key below to check your work. For any missed items, go back into this Study Guide for Section 1 and review the content summaries to determine why you missed the question before you go on to the next section.

1. A synonym is a. a word that is similar in meaning to another word. b. a word that is opposite in meaning to another word. c. a word that literally means "with text." d. a word part added to the end of a base to form a new word.

2. Which of the following is NOT a way to use context clues to determine what a word means? a. Read the words and phrases before and after the unknown word. b. Check for restatements of the word in question. c. See if the word is defined by an example. d. Notice whether the next-to-the-last letter of the word is a vowel or a consonant.

3. An adverb is a modifier that a. tells how or when the action in the verb took place. b. adds to the way an adjective describes something. c. tells to what degree another adverb applies. d. does all of the above.

4. An adjective is a modifier that a. can be the subject of a sentence b. can be the action of a sentence. c. describes or modifies a noun.

d. does none of the above.

5. When you add a suffix to a word ending with a y preceded by a consonant, a. in general, change the y to an i. b. notice whether the suffix you want to add begins with a vowel or a consonant. c. check how the base words ends and whether the next-to-the-last letter is a vowel or a consonant. d. all of the above.

Content Review for Section 2

Vocabulary Practice

Vocabulary Word Definition

1. administrator ____________________________________________________________

2. benign

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3. civic

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4. deliberation ____________________________________________________________

5. indelible

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6. perspective ____________________________________________________________

7. peruse

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8. refined

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9. relegate

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10. subject

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Reading Strategy: Thinking Aloud for Better Comprehension

Thinking aloud is a helpful tool to understand what you read. It simply means that you verbalize (put into your own words) what you are thinking as you read the selection.

Thinking aloud can be done as questioning or summarizing. You can work with a partner, and/or you can jot down your thoughts as notes while you read.

Planning a Writing Task

In standardized tests, you may be given a writing assignment and instructed to complete a specific writing task. When you write, it is important to plan your writing so that you can organize it well.

First of all, identify your audience and your purpose. Be sure you understand your task. Once you have established these three things, then you can gather ideas, which is what planning is all about.

Some writers like to brainstorm. You don't have to worry about spelling or punctuation, just jotting your ideas down on paper.

You can use a graphic organizer, such as a spider map, a chart, or a Venn diagram, to help you organize your ideas once you have brainstormed them.

Grammar: Compound Sentences

A compound sentence is nothing more than two or more simple sentences joined into one sentence.

When combining sentences, be to use sufficient punctuation. A comma alone is not sufficient to join two complete thoughts. A coordinating conjunction alone is generally not sufficient either. You can use a comma PLUS a coordinating conjunction, such as and, or, or but, OR you can use a semicolon.

Base Words and Derivatives

A base word is a word that you can add a prefix or suffix to in order to create a new word. The new word is called a derivative.

There are several ways to identify the base word in a derivative:

1. Drop any prefixes and suffixes. 2. Restore a missing letter to a base word, such as an e that was dropped when a suffix

was added. 3. Undouble a final consonant that was doubled when a suffix was added. 4. If a final y was changed to i when a suffix was added, change it back to y.

Self-Test

After you have reviewed the content for Section 2 thoroughly, you are ready for this Self-Test. Use this Study Guide to help find the answers. When you have completed the Self-Test, use the Answer Key below to check your work. For any missed items, go back into this Study Guide for Section 2 and review the content summaries to determine why you missed the question before you go on to the next section.

1. Verbalizing what you are thinking as you read a selection is a reading strategy known as a. comparison. b. brainstorming. c. thinking aloud. d. context clues.

2. Each of the following is a graphic organizer EXCEPT a. a spider map. b. a chart. c. a Venn diagram. d. a derivative.

3. To join two or more simple sentences and create a compound sentence, you may correctly use a. a comma b. a coordinating conjunction c. a comma plus a coordinating conjunction d. neither a comma nor a coordinating conjunction

4. A new word that is formed from a base word is known as a/n a. antonym. b. context. c. derivative. d. synonym.

Content Review for Section 3

Vocabulary Practice

Vocabulary Word Definition

1. bemused ____________________________________________________________

2. entity

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3. exhilarate ____________________________________________________________

4. forge

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5. impulsive ____________________________________________________________

6. inequitable ____________________________________________________________

7. insight

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8. pronounced ____________________________________________________________

9. provoke

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10. vigilance ____________________________________________________________

Reading Strategy: Using Comprehension Tools

When you take a standardized test, you may be presented with a nonfiction reading passage that combines several ideas. There are tools you can use to keep all the information straight.

1. Begin with literal comprehension. Make sure you understand most of what is being said.

2. Read ahead if you find a sentence or paragraph that does not make much sense. As you read, things may become clearer.

3. Break down long sentences by focusing on the most important words in the sentence and finding the subject and predicate. Ask yourself the 5 W's: Who, What, When, Where, Why (and How). Chunk the sentence into smaller pieces according to punctuation.

Producing a Rough Draft

In developing an essay, after you have done your brainstorming and perhaps used a graphic organizer to put your ideas on paper, the next step is writing the rough draft. For many writers, the hardest thing to do is to write the first sentence. A strategy that will help you to start

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