Digestive System - npsd.k12.nj.us
Digestive System 11th Grade Health
Definition
← the body system consisting of organs that help the body use food.
Functions
← Breaks down food into small parts mechanical (physical) & chemical (acids & enzymes) digestion.
← release food into blood stream for distribution (via the villi in the small intestine)
← prepare undigested food for elimination
← Peristalsis – muscular contractions that move food throughout digestive tract
Structure
← mouth – place where digestion begins; food is chewed using teeth and tongue (mastication) made softer/smaller with the help of saliva from the salivary glands
← esophagus – tube leading from the mouth to the stomach
← stomach – organ where food is made into a paste called chyme with the help of these enzyme and acid (releases pepsin and hydrochloric acid)
← small intestines – 20 foot coiled tube where absorption of food into blood takes place; fingerlike projections called “villi” help in the process of absorption (capillaries)
← gall bladder – organ that produces bile
← liver – organ that releases bile in order to break down fats
← pancreas – organ that aids small intestine in digestion of sugars, carbs, proteins & fats. It is both an exocrine and endocrine gland
← large intestine – extends below small intestine; place where undigested food is prepared for elimination from the body
Diseases/Disorders:
← Colon cancer – more common in people over 50
← Peptic ulcer – ulcer in stomach caused by overproduction of hydrochloric acid and pepsin
← Hepatitis – viral infection of the liver (inflammation)
← Obesity – excess body fat (not the same as being overweight)
← Diverticulosis – a result of a low fiber diet, pouches develop in the lg. intestine
← Food allergy – auto-immune disorder triggered by peanuts, eggs, shellfish and milk.
← Diabetes – Three types of this disorder. Type 1 – Insulin deficiency/develops in childhood; Type 2 – Insulin resistant/develops in later adulthood as a result of poor diet; Gestational – a woman may develop this during pregnancy by putting too much weight.
Digestive System 11th Grade Health
First Aid/Sudden Illness/Emergencies
← Ingested poison – call poison control
← Choking – while in the act of eating, a piece of food lodges itself in the respiratory tract
← Heart burn – acid reflux in stomach; acid can irritate the lining of the esophagus
← Food diarrhea – watery feces due to rapid movement through large intestines; caused by change in diet, food poisoning, overeating emotional turmoil and nutritional deficiencies.
← Dehydration – the sudden loss of fluids from the body due to excessive exercise, heat or illness. Signs: thirst, loss of appetite, dry skin (no sweat), dark urine, dry mouth(no saliva), fatigue, and chills. Potentially Fatal.
← Food Poisoning – ingested food (salmonella/e-coli/botulism)
← Appendicitis – inflammation and swelling of the appendix – should it burst, may become life threatening. Signs are sharp/acute pain in the lower right side of the abdomen – extremely painfully to the touch. You must go immediately to the hospital.
General Care
← chew food carefully and slowly
← cook food thoroughly
← eat plenty of fiber (fruits, vegetables, whole grains)
← drink enough water (8 cups every day)
← reduce amounts of saturated fat and sugar in diet
← exercise – burn off excess calories and fat
← IPECAC – syrup used to induce vomiting – medicine cabinet – must have poison control approval before use.
← Activated Liquid Charcoal – used to absorp toxic substances that have been swallowed; especially substances that should not be regurgitated. Medicine cabinet - must have poison control approval before use.
← Colonoscopy – procedure recommended for people over the age of 50; checks for polups in the colon which may be early signs of cancer
← Gastric Bypass Surgury – stomach stapling; stomach is surgically made smaller in order to control weight gain.
← Poison Control Phone Number – posted where everyone can see it/by main phone.
Relation to Other Systems
← Excretory System – elimintates solid waste from digestive system.
← Endocrine System – pancreas aids in the production of insulin which regulates metabolism of sugar
← Circulatory System – absorption of nutrients from the small intestines into the blood stream
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