Lecture Presentation Outline



Lecture Presentation Outline

I. World’s Health

❖ Instructor Resources: Unit 33 Nutrition Scoreboard transparency master; Unit 33 PowerPoint presentation on Multimedia Manager; CNN Today Nutrition Vol. 3: Fast Food in India (2:32) & Kabul Ice Cream (2:07)

A. Over 100 countries in world

1. 31 are “industrialized nations”

2. 113 are “developing nations”

3. 49 are “least developed nations”

B. People in least developed countries:

1. Have substantially shorter life expectancies

2. Die from infectious diseases

3. Experience more malnutrition than individuals living in industrialized countries

C. Global Challenge

❖ Instructor Resources: Activity 33-4: World Hunger

1. Starvation and malnutrition rampant

2. Malnutrition 10-50% of children < 5

3. 50-70% of women are iron deficient

4. 2 billion kids have iodine deficiency

5. Vitamin A deficiency in 20% of kids

D. Diseases

1. Marasmus - lack of calories and protein

a. Children look starved

b. Consume less calories and less protein than needed

c. Victims use own tissues for energy

2. Kwashiorkor - inadequate protein intake

a. Children appear fat due to swelling

b. Most with kwashiorkor have some marasmus too

E. Survivors of Malnutrition

1. Malnutrition causes permanent delays in mental development

a. Most severe delays from long duration

b. Devastating psychological effects

2. Malnutrition:

a. Saps physical and mental energy

b. Compromises economic and social progress

3. Malnutrition and Infection

a. Malnutrition weakens the immune system

b. Increases the likelihood and severity of infection

c. Ones deficient in vitamin A die from infection

d. HIV infection progresses more rapidly into AIDS in malnourished individuals

e. Infection and diarrhea add to undernutrition, so both are spread by:

1. Poor sanitary conditions

2. Contaminated water supplies

3. Lack of refrigeration

F. All Problems in Developing Countries:

1. Childhood protein-calorie malnutrition

2. Vitamin deficiencies: vitamin A, folate

3. Mineral deficiencies: iodine, iron, zinc

4. Lack of breastfeeding

5. Alcohol abuse

6. Overweight and obesity

7. Insufficient physical activity

8. Low vegetable and fruit intake

9. Malnutrition and increased complications from HIV/AIDS

10. Poor nutritional status of women of childbearing age

II. Why?

A. World can produce food for everyone

B. People starve because of poverty

❖ Instructor Resources: Activity 33-1: Food Stamps; Activity 33-2: Food Policies

C. Human-made disasters

1. Discrimination against women

2. HIV/AIDS epidemic

3. War

4. Racism

5. Corrupt governance

D. Starvation also due to natural disasters

E. Basic Causes

1. Poverty

2. Discrimination against females

3. HIV/AIDS epidemic

4. Racism, ethnocentrism

5. Poor and corrupt governance

6. Unsafe water

7. Low levels of education

8. Unequitable distribution of the food supply

9. Lack of economic opportunities

10. Low agricultural productivity

III. Success Stories

A. Reduction in malnutrition as economic, educational, nutritional, and sanitary conditions improve

B. Specific nutrient deficiencies reduced or eliminated by food fortification and nutrition education programs

1. Vitamin A supplements and education related to decrease in vitamin A deficiency and infection in children in Indonesia

2. Food supplements in Russia, Brazil, South Africa, and China associated with higher IQ scores at age eight

3. Iodization of salt led to drop in iodine-deficient children from 48 million in 1990 to 28 million in 1997

4. Fortification of flour with iron led to decrease in iron-deficiency anemia in the Philippines

C. Deaths from malnutrition have dropped in countries encouraging breastfeeding

1. Breast milk protects infants from infectious diseases, supports the growth and health of infants, and protects against hazards of formulas reconstituted with contaminated water

2. International Code of Marketing Breast Milk Substitutes and “Baby Friendly Hospitals” - 12,700 hospitals adopted Baby Friendly Hospital policies to promote breastfeeding

D. Health status of people has been improved by widespread use of oral rehydration fluids to protect children from dehydration

E. Broad vaccination programs protect many from diseases

F. World Food Summit

1. 1996 World Food Summit pledged to reduce number of people who are hungry and undernourished by 2015 by half

2. Rates of undernutrition improving slowly

3. By 2030 undernutrition will be cut in half

4. As countries develop and food supplies increase, incidence of undernutrition usually decreases

IV. Nutrition Transition

A. As food supplies increase, heart disease, diabetes, and hypertension increase

B. Countries in nutrition transition experience rising rates of obesity in children

1. Children born to poorly nourished women get more food later in life and gain fat

2. Accumulation of fat puts them at risk for hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and others

C. Infections predominate, but incidence of diseases of “Western Civilization” will continue to expand

V. The Future

A. Benefits from improving nutritional status of the world are immense

B. Adequate nutrition secures future of generation

C. Well nourished people are more productive, happier, require less medical care, and are more likely to be self-sufficient

D. Please consider volunteering at a food program, in community courses for language or self-sufficiency skills, or in other public service programs

❖ Instructor Resources: Activity 33-3: Hunger in the United States

1. Experience will enrich you and those you serve

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