CHEMISTRY PAPER 2 - Gcecompilation

[Pages:275]CHEMISTRY PAPER 2

Solved Topical and Yearly (2005-2016)

Niaz Ahmed Awan

9-F, Main Market Gulberg II, Lahore. Tel: 042-35714038 Cell: 0336-5314141 E-mail: readandwrite.publications@ Facebook page: readandwritepublications/Shop

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without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Cambridge International has not provided these questions or answers and can take no responsibility

whatsoever for their accuracy or suitability for the examinations.

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Published by Printed by Composed by Title designed by Edition Price

O-Level Chemistry P-2 Niaz Ahmed Awan Cell: +92 300 425 5956 Email:niaz.awan564@ Read & Write Publications Sadaat Printers Urdu Bazar, Lahore. Rashid Mehmood, Salman Bukhsh Rashid Mehmood 2016-17

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Preface

This book has been developed as part of Read and Write Publications past papers solutions series. The book is organized as Solved/Topical/Yearly (3 in 1) series. It provides solutions for theory structured questions taken from past papers starting from June 2005 to June 2016.

Structure Questions testing knowledge of almost every area of the syllabus. This raises need of a solved topical book which could help the students to test their knowledge once they have learnt a particular syllabus area in the class.

This book includes Eleven units which are further divided into sub topics. Each question is labeled with exam year/paper/question no/section. e.g [J05/P2/QA1/d]. Each question is followed by SOLUTION section which provides brief yet comprehensive answers.

Index is added at the end to help reader search each question in chronicle order from 2005 to 2016 through page number given with each question.

Constructive criticism and suggestions to make the subsequent editions more useful would be

appreciated and thankfully acknowledged.

Niaz Ahmed Awan Cell: +92 300 425 5956 Email:niaz.awan564@

Contents

Unit-1

1.1 1.2

Unit-2

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

Unit-3

Unit-4

Unit-5

Unit-6

6.1 6.2 6.3

Unit-7

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4

Unit-8

8.1 8.2 8.3

Unit-9

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4

Experimental Chemistry ..........................................................................................6

Identificationof Ions And Gases ...................................................................................... 6 Methods Of Separation (Purification) ............................................................................ 15

The Particulate Nature of Matter ...........................................................................18

Kinetic Particle Theory .................................................................................................. 18 Atomic Structure ............................................................................................................ 21 Strcutures And Properties Of Materials......................................................................... 31 Ionic Bonding................................................................................................................. 40 Covalent Bonding .......................................................................................................... 47

Formulae, Stoichiometry And The Mole Concept....................................................52

Electrolysis ............................................................................................................ 84

Energy From Chemicals........................................................................................ 100

Chemical Reactions ............................................................................................. 110

Rate Of Reaction ......................................................................................................... 110 Redox .......................................................................................................................... 128 Equilibrium & Dynamic Equilibrium ............................................................................. 135

The Chemistry and Uses of Acids, Bases and Salts................................................. 139

Properties Of Acids And Bases ................................................................................... 139 Properties Of Salts ...................................................................................................... 153 Properties And Uses Of Ammonia .............................................................................. 157 Sulfuric Acid ................................................................................................................ 160

The Periodic Table ............................................................................................... 163

Periodic Trends ........................................................................................................... 163 Group Properties ......................................................................................................... 165 Transition Elements..................................................................................................... 177

Metals ................................................................................................................ 181

Properties of Matels .................................................................................................... 181 Reactivity Series.......................................................................................................... 186 Extractions Of Metals .................................................................................................. 193 Iron .............................................................................................................................. 194

9.5 Aluminium.................................................................................................................... 197

Unit-10 Atomsphere and Environment ............................................................................. 199

10.1 Air ................................................................................................................................ 199 10.2 Water ........................................................................................................................... 202

Unit-11 Organic Chemistry ............................................................................................... 219

11.1 Alkanes........................................................................................................................ 219 11.2 Alkenes........................................................................................................................ 227 11.3 Alcohols ....................................................................................................................... 238 11.4 Carboxylic Acid............................................................................................................ 247 11.5 Macromolecules .......................................................................................................... 256

Past papers...............................................................................................269 Index................................................................................................Last page

Unit-1

6

Experimental Chemistry

UNIT-1

EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY

1.1 Identificationof Ions And Gases

1

(d)

is an insoluble yellow solid.

SOLUTION

(d)

Lead (II) iodide

[J05/P2/QA1/d] [1]

2

[J05/P2/QA5/b]

(b)

Describe a chemical test for each of the gases produced during the electrolysis of

concentrated aqueous sodium chloride.

(i)

chlorine

(ii)

hydrogen

[2]

SOLUTION

(b)

(i)

(ii)

Chlorine turns damp blue litmus red and then bleaches it Hydrogen produces a pop sound with a burning splint

3 Choose from the following elements to answer the questions below.

[J06/P2/QA1/e]

aluminium

argon

iron

phosphorus

nickel sodium

nitrogen

Each element can be used once, more than once or not at all.

Name an element which

(e)

Reacts with chlorine to form a solid that dissolves in water to give a coloured solution.

[1]

SOLUTION

(e)

Iron/Nickel

(Being transition metals, they form colourd compounds)

4

(c)

(i)

(ii)

SOLUTION

(c)

(i)

(ii)

[J06/P2/QB8/c]

Describe a chemical test to show the presence of the nitrate ion.

[2]

Suggest why it might be difficult to test for the presence of the nitrate ion in a sample of

river water.

[1]

Add Al foil and NaOH to the sample and warm it gently. A gas (NH3) forms, which turns damp red litmus paper blue (Other possible test: Add concentrated H2SO4 and FeSO4 to the sample, brown ring forms) Nitrate ions are too dilute in river water

Unit-1

7

Experimental Chemistry

5

[J06/P2/QB10/b,c]

(b)

A sample of powdered brass is added to excess dilute nitric acid.

The mixture is heated gently until all the brass reacts.

The resulting solution, A, contains aqueous copper(II) ions and aqueous zinc ions.

(i)

Suggest the colour of solution A.

[1]

(ii)

Describe and explain, with the aid of equations, what happens when aqueous sodium

hydroxide is slowly added to solution A.

[5]

(c)

Another sample of powdered brass is added to excess dilute hydrochloric acid.

The mixture is heated and an aqueous solution of a compound B together with a solid C areformed.

(i)

Name both B and C.

[2]

(ii)

Write an ionic equation for this reaction.

[1]

SOLUTION

(b)

(i)

(ii)

(c)

(i)

(ii)

Blue

Blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 forms;

2+

Cu + 2OH- Cu(OH)2.

White precipitate of Zn(OH)2 also forms in the beginning by small addition of NaOH;

2+

-

Zn + 2OH Zn(OH)2.

This white precipitate of Zn(OH)2 is masked by the blue precipitate of Cu(OH)2 but due to

its presence the color of Cu(OH)2 turns light blue. By further addition of NaOH, a part of

the precipitates obtained disappears as the white precipitate of Zn(OH)2 redissolves in an excess of NaOH

B is zinc chloride

C is copper

(Zn being more reactive reacts with HCl)

+

2+

Zn + 2H Zn + H2.

6 The diagram shows the stages in water purification.

air blown aluminium sulphate

in

added

[N06/P2/QA5/a(ii)]

calcium hydroxide added

impure water

mixing tank

sedimentation tank

mixer and filter

mixing tank

chlorine added

carbon added

chlorine added

(a)

(ii)

Describe a test for iron(III) ions.

test

result

purified water

[2]

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