Directional Complements:



Directional Complements:

Simple Directional Complements:

Pattern I:

A. Subject + Verb + Place Word/Noun (Phrase) + 来/去

B. Subject + Verb + 来/去 + Noun

Note:

1. When the object of the verb is a location word, the sentence can only appear in Pattern A.

2. When the object is a regular noun and the action is not completed, the sentence often appears in Pattern A as well.

3. If the action is completed, the sentence can appear either in Pattern A or in Pattern B. Pattern A should therefore be memorized as the essential form.

Pattern II:

A. Subject + Verb + 上/下…. + Place Word/Noun

Compound Directional Complements

A. Subject + Verb + 上/下…. + Place Word/Noun + 来/去

B. Subject + Verb + 上/下…. + 来/去 + Noun

Note:

1. As in the case of the simple directional compounds, when the object is a location word, the sentence appears only in Pattern A.

2. If the object is a regular noun and the action is not completed, the sentence often appears in Pattern A as well.

3. If the action is completed, the sentence can appear either in Pattern A or in Pattern B. Again, Pattern A should be memorized as the essential form.

“把” Structure:

I. Simple Directional Complement

Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + 来/去

II. Compound Directional Complement

Subject + 把 + Object + Verb + 上/下…. (+ Place word) + 来/去

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