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HEOC 160CHAPTER 39 OBJECTIVESDefine Key Terms as presented in the glossary.Assay – Analysis of a substance to determine constituents and relative proportion of eachAsymptomatic – Without symptoms Baseline Values – Known or initial measurement against which future measurements are comparedBiopsy – Removal of a small piece of living tissue from an organ or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis.Clinical Chemistry – Analysis and study of blood, body fluids, excreta, and tissues in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.Condenser – Area of a microscope that directs the beam of light from the source to the specimen.Control Test – Test of a sample of known results used to compare with the results of a patient's sample.Culture and Sensitivity (C & S) – Sample that is cultured for bacteria and then is exposed to various antibiotics to determine what the bacteria is sensitive (and resistant) to.Cytology – The science that deals with the formation, structure, and function of cells.Diagnosis – Determination of disease or condition.Diaphragm – A lens or other object on a microscope that opens and closes to increase or decrease the amount of light on the object being illuminated.Differential Diagnosis – Diagnosis based on comparison of symptoms of similar diseases.DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid; important nuclear material that carries genetic codes.Electrolyte – Substance that conducts electricity whose components are important in maintaining fluid and acid-base balance.Glucose – Simple sugar that is a major source of energy in the human body; monitoring of blood glucose levels in urine and blood is a vital diagnostic test in diabetes and other disorders.Hematology – The study of blood and the blood-forming tissues.Histology – The study of a tissue biopsy sample for the determination of disease.Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) – The replacement of hormones lacking from the patient's system; refers to the replacement of varying levels of estrogen and progesterone in perimenopausal or postmenopausal women.Immunohematology – The study of blood group antigens and antibodies; blood banking.Immunology – The study of the components of the immune system and their function.Invasive – Surgical technique or procedure the requires penetration of the skin or a body opening.Microbiology – Branch of biology dealing with the study of microscopic forms of life.Mycology – The study of fungiObjective – Magnifying lens that is closest to the object being viewed with a microscope.Panel – A series of tests related to a particular organ or organ system of body function.Parasitology – The study of organisms that live within or on another organism and at the expense of that organism.Patient Service Centers – Satellite laboratory facilities located in convenient areas for patients where specimens can be collected or dropped off.Peak – The opposite of "trough," this is the point at which a drug is at its highest level in the body, usually about 30 minutes after administration.Physician's Office Laboratory (POL) – Laboratories within physicians' offices where common office laboratory tests are performed.Explain the purposes of laboratory testing.To help in determining a patient's state of health or disease. Describe the main similarities and differences between independent laboratories and physician's office laboratoriesIndependent Laboratories - Complex, expensive, or specializedPhysician’s Office Laboratories (POLs) - Easy, inexpensive, and less complexExplain the levels of laboratory personnel in relation to their education, skills, and duties.Physician Pathologist (MD) – Board-certified medical doctor or PhD scientist – Manages Lab Clinical Lab Specialist, Medical Technologist, Registered Medical Technologist, Clinical Lab Technologist - Bachelor’s degree in life sciences or medical technology, including 3 years of course work and 1 year of clinical experience – Must be certified by ASCP, AMT, DHHS, ISCLT, NCA, or NRMMedical Lab Technician, Clinical Lab Technician – Usually has an associate’s degree or certificate from an accredited MLT/CLT program – May be certified by ASCP or NCAPhlebotomist/Phlebotomy Technician, Registered Phlebotomy Technician, Certified Phlebotomy Technician, Clinical Laboratory Phlebotomist – High school and additional phlebotomy training through a certificate program or on-the-job training - May be certified through ASCP, AMT, ASPT, or NCA, and registered under state law.Certified Medical Assistant, Registered Medical Assistant – Generally an associate’s degree or certificate from an ABHES or CAAHEP accredited program in a community college, technical school, or proprietary school – May be certified through AAMA or AMT. May be registered under state law.List eight different departments within the medical laboratory and list at least two types of testing performed within each of those departments.Hematology Department – WBC count, HematocritUrinalysis Department – Bilirubin, KetonesClinical Chemistry Department – BUN, CholesterolImmunohematology (Blood Bank) Department – Rh testing, Type and cross matchHistology – Tissue analysis, Biopsy analysisToxicology Department – Test for chemicals, specifically drugs and other toxins in bloodCytology Department – Chromosome studies, Pap testMicrobiology Department – Meningitis, PneumoniaName nine of the most common laboratory panels and explain the body system or function being surveyed.Basic Metabolic Panel – Kidney, blood sugars, and electrolyte & acid/base balanceElectrolyte Panel – Part of a routine physicalObstetric Panel – Pregnancy Lipid Panel – Risk of coronary heart diseaseRenal Function Panel – KidneysArthritis Panel – Joints of the bodyAcute Hepatitis Panel – LiverHepatic Function Panel – Liver TORCH Antibody Panel - Diagnosing prenatal infectionExplain the concepts of quality control and quality assurance in the medical laboratory.Quality control - The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements for quality.Quality assurance - All those planned and systematic activities implemented to provide adequate confidence that an entity will fulfill requirements for quality.Describe at least three methods of ensuring quality in the medical laboratory.Control test, proficiency testing, preventative maintenanceDemonstrate how to correctly complete a laboratory requisition.Provider's name, account number, address, and telephone numberPatient's name, address, and telephone numberPatient's billing information, insurance, and identification numberUnique patient identifierSource of specimenTime and date of the specimen collectionTest requestedMedications the patient is takingClinical diagnosisUrgency of resultsSpecial collection/patient instructionsIf copies of the results are to be sent to another provider, the medical assistant must include the provider full name, address, and fax numberList 10 pieces of information required on a written laboratory requisition.Name, address, and telephone of the labReferring provider's name, address, and identification numbersPatient's name, identification number, age, and sexDate the specimen was received by the labDate and time the specimen was collectedDate the lab reported the resultsThe test name, results, and normal reference ranges if applicableExplain the rationale behind proper patient preparation before laboratory testing.If certain tests need to have the patient fast or not take medication, for example, and the patient doesn't follow instructions, the results for that test will not reflect true results for that certain test.Explain where accurate and reliable information might be obtained about proper procurement, storage, and handling of laboratory specimens.The process can be obtained from the independent laboratory.On a diagram, label the parts of a compound microscope.Did in classExplain the function of a compound microscope.Magnifies organisms for study that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.Demonstrate the proper use of a compound microscope.Did in classList six rules to ensure proper care of a compound microscope.Always follow the manufacturer's and clinics rules for the care and maintenance of the microscope.Carry the microscope with one hand securely supporting the base and the other hand holding the arm.Keep the microscope covered when it is not being used.Clean the lenses with special lens paper and lens cleaner after each use. When looking through the eyepiece and focusing, always move the platform away from the eyepiece to prevent contact with the slide. Use oil with the oil-immersion lens. ................
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