Executive summary



2019 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)In fulfilment of Part IV of theEnvironment Act 1995Local Air Quality ManagementJune 2019Local Authority OfficerCarmen Cubillas MartinezDepartmentEnvironmental ServicesAddress135 Eastern Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Ox14 4SBTelephone012354 22129E-mailcarmen.cubillas.martinez@.ukReport Reference numberSODCASR2019DateJune 2019AMENDMENT In 2020 South Oxfordshire District Council identified an error in NO2 levels recorded at some of our passive monitoring stations in March and April 2017.Following Defra’s guidance, this ASR has been now been amended with the updated/correct figures. Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our AreaAir Quality in South Oxfordshire Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas,.The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around ?16 billion. South Oxfordshire District Council (SODC) declared AQMA’s in three towns within the District: Henley, Wallingford and Watlington, all because of high levels of NO2 from traffic fumes. These can be viewed at the following link: monitoring results recorded in 2018 show a decrease in pollution levels from 2017 in most areas of the District, following the downward trend identified last year. In order to improve air pollution across the district, SODC works in collaboration with partners like Oxfordshire County Council (OCC), Oxford Bus Company (OBC) and other local authorities within Oxfordshire, putting in place some measures to reduce NO2 and PM levels further, both in the AQMAs and also across the entire district.Meetings of the Oxfordshire Air Quality Group are held quarterly, and now include representatives from Public Health and Public Health England (PHE), enabling joint working and a more comprehensive approach to our future projects.Actions to Improve Air QualityIn order to improve air quality within the district the council have undertaken a number of initiatives over the past year which include:Using planning and procurement to drive the long-term vision of reducing emissions from transport Commencing our anti-idling Campaign: "Turn it Off", whose promotional car sticker is shown in Figure 1.1 below.Producing an updated AQ Planning Guidance for DevelopersCommissioned an air quality impact assessment to support the need for a bypass road around WatlingtonFigure 1. SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1 Turn it Off campaign promotional stickersLow Emission Strategy (LES)As a result of a further successful DEFRA bid in 2014, a LES was adopted in November 2017. The associated research showed that if all the measures are implemented then the improvements to air quality would mean the AQMA’s in Wallingford and Watlington could be revoked and the Nitrogen Dioxide levels in these towns would be within the national objective levels.Some of the main actions included in this strategy are:Promoting low emission behaviours Supporting the uptake of electric and low emission vehiclesImplementing a low emission freight and bus strategy. Conclusions and PrioritiesIn 2018, monitoring data suggests that air pollution in South Oxfordshire has overall continued to follow the downward trend identified in 2018. In 2018, 86% of the monitoring sites recorded lower NO2 annual mean concentrations than those of 2017.No exceedances of the annual average objective have been identified the district in 2018. The number of exceedances has therefore decreased significantly since in 2017 when the number of recorded exceedances was 10, supporting the concept that air quality is improving in the district.An exceedance of the hourly objective (not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year) was recorded by the continuous analyser located in Wallingford. Since values above 200 ?g NO2/m3 were only recorded once in 2018, we can accept that this objective has also been met in South Oxfordshire.Despite the overall improvement in air quality, the revocation of the existing AQMAs is not yet being considered due to the recent exceedances registered in Henley and Wallingford (please see Pages 17-19) and the fact that more data is needed to support the decreasing trend before trusting that NO2 levels will remain below the national objectives. South Oxfordshire District Council’s priorities for the following reporting year include scoping the potential actions that would be included in the next version of our AQ Action Plan in order to improve air quality in the district more effectively.Local Engagement and How to get InvolvedThere are many ways in which the public can get involved in helping to improve air quality in their area, from using your car less, driving more efficiently when you do have to drive or considering a cleaner vehicle when you choose to upgrade your car. Many smart travel choices and other tips to reduce air pollution can be found in the links below: of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \u Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area PAGEREF _Toc21340830 \h iAir Quality in South Oxfordshire PAGEREF _Toc21340831 \h iActions to Improve Air Quality PAGEREF _Toc21340832 \h iConclusions and Priorities PAGEREF _Toc21340833 \h iiLocal Engagement and How to get Involved PAGEREF _Toc21340834 \h iii1Local Air Quality Management PAGEREF _Toc21340835 \h 12Actions to Improve Air Quality PAGEREF _Toc21340836 \h 22.1Air Quality Management Areas PAGEREF _Toc21340837 \h 22.2Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in South Oxfordshire District Council PAGEREF _Toc21340838 \h 52.3PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations PAGEREF _Toc21340839 \h 143Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance PAGEREF _Toc21340840 \h 183.1Summary of Monitoring Undertaken PAGEREF _Toc21340841 \h 183.1.1Automatic Monitoring Sites PAGEREF _Toc21340842 \h 183.1.2Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites PAGEREF _Toc21340843 \h 183.2Individual Pollutants PAGEREF _Toc21340844 \h 183.2.1Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) PAGEREF _Toc21340845 \h 18Appendix A: Monitoring Results PAGEREF _Toc21340846 \h 21Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2018 PAGEREF _Toc21340847 \h 38Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC PAGEREF _Toc21340848 \h 42Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs PAGEREF _Toc21340849 \h 49Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England PAGEREF _Toc21340850 \h 52Appendix F: Screening Assessment of Road Traffic PM Sources in South Oxfordshire’s AQMAs. PAGEREF _Toc21340851 \h 53Glossary of Terms PAGEREF _Toc21340852 \h 54References PAGEREF _Toc21340853 \h 55Other references PAGEREF _Toc21340854 \h 55List of Tables TOC \h \z \c "Table" Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas PAGEREF _Toc8638019 \h 3Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality PAGEREF _Toc8638020 \h 9Table 2.3 List of measures in SODC's 2014 Action Plan that target PM 2.5 reduction according to LAQM.TG16’ PM2.5 PAGEREF _Toc8638021 \h 176 TOC \h \z \c "Table A." Table A.1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring Sites PAGEREF _Toc8638033 \h 21Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites PAGEREF _Toc8638034 \h 22Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results PAGEREF _Toc8638035 \h 28Table A.4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring Results PAGEREF _Toc8638036 \h 37 TOC \h \z \c "Table B." Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2018 PAGEREF _Toc8638048 \h 38Table C.1 – Annualisation of results ……………………………...............................41 TOC \h \z \c "Table E." Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England PAGEREF _Toc8638058 \h 52List of Figures TOC \h \z \c "Figure" Figure 1.1 Turn it Off campaign promotional stickers PAGEREF _Toc12004321 \h iiFigure 2.1 Modelled background PM 2.5 levels in South Oxfordshire in 2017 PAGEREF _Toc12004322 \h 15Figure 2.2 Public Health Outcomes Framework: Fraction of male mortality attributable to PM2.5 in South Oxfordshire PAGEREF _Toc12004322 \h 155Figure 2.3 Public Health Outcomes Framework: Fraction of female mortality attributable to PM2.5 in South Oxfordshire PAGEREF _Toc12004322 \h 155Figure 3.1 Percentage of the monitoring sites that recorded NO2 levels lower than those of the year before PAGEREF _Toc12004323 \h 19Figure A.1 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: Wallingford PAGEREF _Toc12004324 \h 32Figure A.2 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: Watlington PAGEREF _Toc12004325 \h 33Figure A.3 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: Henley on Thames PAGEREF _Toc12004326 \h 34Figure A.4 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: Didcot PAGEREF _Toc12004327 \h 35Figure A.5 Other trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations in South Oxfordshire PAGEREF _Toc12004328 \h 36Figure C.1 Calculation of Local Bias Adjustment factor using Defra’s calculatorFigure C.2 Calculation of Local Bias Adjustment factor using Defra’s calculatorFigure C.3 Henley Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual Graph PAGEREF _Toc12004330 \h 45Figure C.4 Wallingford Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual Graph PAGEREF _Toc12004331 \h 45Figure C.5 Watlington Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual Graph PAGEREF _Toc12004332 \h 46Figure C.7 Socotec Diffusion tubes: QC/QA information PAGEREF _Toc12004333 \h 47Figure C.6 Distance correction results PAGEREF _Toc12004333 \h 476Figure D.1Watlington AQMA, locations of non-automatic (diffusion tube) monitoring sites and NO2 levels (in ?g/m3) recorded in each site in 2018. PAGEREF _Toc12004334 \h 49Figure D.1 Henley AQMA, locations of non-automatic (diffusion tube) monitoring sites and NO2 levels (in ?g/m3) recorded in each site in 2018. PAGEREF _Toc12004335 \h 50Figure D.2 Wallingford AQMA, locations of non-automatic (diffusion tube) monitoring sites and NO2 levels (in ?g/m3) recorded in each site in 2018. PAGEREF _Toc12004336 \h 51Local Air Quality ManagementThis report provides an overview of air quality in South Oxfordshire during 2018. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by South Oxfordshire District Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in in Appendix E.Actions to Improve Air QualityAir Quality Management AreasAir Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.A summary of AQMAs declared by South Oxfordshire District Council can be found in REF _Ref478545728 \h Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at:, . Alternatively, see REF _Ref478118355 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMA(s).Table STYLEREF 1 \s 2. SEQ Table \* ARABIC \s 1 1 – Declared Air Quality Management AreasAQMA NameDate of DeclarationPollutants and Air Quality ObjectivesCity / TownOne Line DescriptionIs air quality in the AQMA influenced by roads controlled by Highways England?Level of Exceedance (maximum monitored/modelled concentration at a location of relevant exposure)Action PlanAt DeclarationNowNameDate of PublicationLinkHenley01/01/2003NO2 Annual MeanHenleyAn area encompassing Duke Street and Bell Street in 2002 and was further extended in 2004 to include the Market Place, Hart street and Reading Road.NO45.1?g/m339.6?g/m3Air Quality Action Plan 20142014 Annual MeanWallingfordAn area encompassing the High Street and part of Castle Street, St Marys Street and St Martins StreetNO48.3?g/m337.5?g/m3Air Quality Action Plan 20142014 Watlington31/03/2009NO2 Annual MeanWatlingtonAn area encompassing Shirburn Street, Couching Street and Brook streetNO51.3?g/m338.6?g/m3Air Quality Action Plan 20142014 Oxfordshire District Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in South Oxfordshire District CouncilDefra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded that:1. The monitoring results presented within the report demonstrate exceedances at six diffusion tubes inside AQMAs, and two exceedances at sites S26 and S57 outside of AQMAs. 2. Both the exceedances at S26 and S57 are new in 2017, with very sudden increases in NO2 concentrations at both sites. It is therefore recommended to keep these under review to determine whether they are likely to be long term, before taking any action in response to them. NO2 levels recorded at 9 Adwell Cottages (S57) in 2018 (31.3 ?g NO2/m3) are similar to the ones recorded in 2014, 2015 and 2016, suggesting the high concentrations registered in 2017 could have been an exception to the five-year downward trend otherwise observed in both 9 and 10 Adwell Cottages. In order to assess NO2 levels in Chinnor (S26), South Oxfordshire District Council added more monitoring sites in different locations across the village to their network in January 2019. 3. From 2016 to 2017, concentrations have demonstrated small decreases in both Henley and Wallingford AQMAs but have increased in Watlington AQMA.4. It is recommended that the Local Authority consider developing further AQAP measures which specifically target improvement in the AQMA (particularly Watlington), and other pollution hotspots, in order to achieve compliance within the district. To address this suggestion, SODC and OCC are pursuing the creation of a bypass road (Edge Road) that would remove some traffic from Watlington town centre and therefore result in a potential decrease of NO2 concentrations. This project has been supported via the planning system, with part of the funding being provided through S106 monies through proposed and future housing developments in the area.5.There does not appear to have been any new monitoring locations added to the monitoring programme in the last five years. It is recommended that the Local Authority routinely review their monitoring programme and consider any new areas of potential exceedance located with relevant exposure to receptors. In January 2019, 23 new monitoring sites were therefore added to the network; four in Didcot, two in Clifton Hampden, one at Adwell Cottages, six in Thame, two in Wheatley, one in Sonning Eye, two in Wallingford and five in Chinnor, as mentioned above.6.It is good to see progress being made towards the AQAP measures in the last year. It would be helpful if the Local Authority provided estimated completion dates and pollution reduction targets for measures which don’t yet have any. Estimated completion dates have been added to Table 2.2 below. The plan to begin reviewing and scoping potential new measures for our AQAP in 2019 is to address some of these issues to include pollution reduction targets (if possible).7.The Local Authority should also consider developing measures to address PM2.5 in partnership with Public Health, with reference to the Public Health Outcomes Framework.Many of the actions in the current AQ Action Plan target PM as well as NO2, as shown on Table 2.3. South Oxfordshire District Council is currently scoping potential new measures to target both PM and NO2 reduction that will be included in the next version of the Action Plan. 8.A Local Bias Adjustment Factor has been applied to the data. A discussion should be provided in future reporting comparing the National and Local bias adjustment factors and explaining which was chosen and rmation on the choice of bias adjustment factor can be found in Appendix C.9.Distance correction has been applied to three diffusion tube sites (S71, S72 and S73). However, no details have been provided of these corrections. Full details, including which background sites were used and example calculations should be provided in Appendix C in future reporting.Detailed information on distance correction have been included in Appendix C, including calculation carried out with Defra’s NO2 fall off with distance Calculator and background measure used.10.The maps provided in Appendix D are helpful, however labels have not been provided for monitoring site locations. It would be useful if maps in future reports included these.The maps provided in Appendix D include information on Site ID and annual averages recorded at each site.South Oxfordshire District Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2018 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in REF _Ref478545870 \h Table 2.2.More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plan: SODC Air Quality Action Plan 2014.() With details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2, with key completed measures are: Installation of 4 EV charging points in Council owned car parksAdoption of a taxi licensing scheme that offers a reduced fee for low emission vehiclesProducing an Air Quality Planning Guidance and updating it to ensure it promotes most recent best practiceSupporting a project that could reduce traffic and emissions in Watlington through the Planning SystemOxford Bus Company continue to improve the emissions standard of their fleet by retrofitting vehicles progressively. In 2018 30% of their fleet operating in South Oxfordshire meet Euro 6 menced an anti-idling campaign, Turn it Off, that will target idling at locations with sensitive receptors, such as schools and medical practices.Continuing to use our Planning and Procurement Systems to reduce emissions from transport in the long termSouth Oxfordshire District Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year: Scope the feasibility of a Dockless Bikes Scheme for the AQMA towns.In June 2019 on Clean Air day launch our anti-idling Campaign: "Turn it Off" by engaging with local schools, medical practices and businesses.Providing eco-driver training for council employees.Provide funding towards the 2019 Wallingford Festival of Cycling, an event that promotes adopting sustainable means of transport in the district.Publish the updated AQ Planning Guidance and looking into the possibility of formally adopting this as Supplementary Planning plete modelling work to assess the impacts on the proposed ‘edge road’ on local air quality in plete a feasibility study looking at the possibility of new charging points in car parks/council properties.Oxford Bus Company will retrofit another 14 vehicles to E6 standards. This would mean 45% of the bus fleet operating in South Oxfordshire will meet Euro 6 mence the process of producing a new AQAP. South Oxfordshire District Council’s priorities for the coming year is to strengthen the partnership we have with other authorities and bodies, as we have in 2018, by obtaining PHE’s endorsement for our “Turn it Off” campaign and by seeking to launch common projects with the other District Councils in the county.We will continue to deliver some of the actions set out in our Air Quality Action Plan and further implement the LES to enable us to deliver upon this.Progress on the following measures has continued to be slower than expected due to their progress depending on third parties, dependence on changing policies or lack of resources.Table STYLEREF 1 \s 2. SEQ Table \* ARABIC \s 1 2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air QualityMeasure No.MeasureEU CategoryEU ClassificationOrganisations involved and Funding SourcePlanning PhaseImplementation PhaseKey Performance IndicatorReduction in Pollutant / Emission from MeasureProgress to DateEstimated / Actual Completion DateComments / Barriers to implementation?1LESPolicy Guidance and Development ControlRegional Groups Co-ordinating programmes to develop Area wide Strategies to reduce emissions and improve air qualitySODC20162017New policies in place. NO2 levels reducedIf fully implemented a reduction of 16% NO2 would be seen in Wallingford, 35% in Watlington (enabling us to revoke these 2 AQMAs) and an overall 5% reduction districtwide.LES AdoptedCompleted 2017LES adopted in Oct 2017. Further implementation will progressively take place in future years2Installation of EV charging pointsTransport Planning and InfrastructureOtherSODC20162017New policies in place. EV infrastructure in placeNot QuantifiedCompletedFour charging points installed in Henley and Wallingford Council owner car parks. Encouragement through the planning process and council car parking pleted 2017Feasibility study being finalised by our Technical Services Team to scope possibility of more points in car parks/council properties.3Parking permit incentives for green vehiclesPromoting Low Emission TransportPriority parking for LEV'sSODC--Discounted permits for greener vehiclesNot QuantifiedParking permits are half the list price for owners of a vehicle with a CO2 emission of 120g/km or less Completed4Feasibility study for freight consolidation centre / freight quality partnershipsFreight and Delivery ManagementFreight Consolidation CentreOCC--Study completionNot Quantified: likely to be high if implementedFunding not yet securedUnknownNot considered a high priority at this present time.Best developed as a county wide initiative by Oxfordshire County Council.5Taxi incentives for LEVsPromoting Low Emission TransportTaxi Licensing conditionsSODC20152015Full sliding scale for feesNot QuantifiedCompleted-LEV taxi licensing scheme in place. Licensing policy offers a reduced fee for low emission pleted2015The policy is being reviewed during 2019/2020 where further incentives will be considered.6Improved use and enforcement of traffic regulation ordersTraffic ManagementOtherOCC--Further checks & monitoring underwayNot QuantifiedCivil parking enforcement has been scoped by council’s Technical Services Manager.In partnership with OCC. A joint specification has been prepared to commission a feasibility study, which is expected to be delivered in Autumn 2019.Unknown?7AQ Planning GuidancePolicy Guidance and Development ControlAir Quality Planning and Policy GuidanceSODC20122014All developments adhering to guidanceNot QuantifiedComplete2017Guidance for Developers to be published on website once the council’s new website has been finalised8Smoothing traffic flow in WatlingtonTraffic ManagementStrategic highway improvements, Re-prioritising road space away from cars, including Access management, Selective vehicle priority, bus priority, high vehicle occupancy laneOCC2018-Project (bypass road) completedNot QuantifiedAir quality impact of a bypass around Watlington based on modelling was commissioned in 2018 and is being finalised but indicates it will improve air quality within the Watlington AQMAUnknownThis is dependent on housing planning applications being approved to fund the Edge Road9Increased use of the Ring Road: WallingfordTraffic ManagementOtherSODC--Projects completedNot QuantifiedUnder consideration by OCCUnknownDependent on OCC.Further monitoring to be done by OCC to assess the benefits and impacts to AQ of closing the Wallingford Bridge during rush hour10Increased enforcement and review of the weight restriction zone: WatlingtonTraffic ManagementOtherOCC--New enforcement policy adoptedNot QuantifiedNot Yet StartedUnknownProgress dependant on OCC11Low Emission Bus StrategyTransport Planning and InfrastructureVehicle Retrofitting programmesSODC Oxford Bus Company20172018% of Euro VI buses in placeNot QuantifiedOxford Bus are updating the emissions standard of their fleet progressively. Most of the fleet operating in the district is already Euro VI.UnknownOxford Bus are progressively updating the emissions standard of their fleet. Most of the fleet operating in the district is already Euro VI.2Promoting low emission transport: Dockless Bikes SchemeTransport Planning and InfrastructurePublic cycle hire schemeSODC2018-Scheme in placeNot QuantifiedNot yet started2019During 2019 the focus will be on the feasibility of introducing such a scheme in the AQMA’s13Anti-idling Campaign: "Turn it Off"Public InformationVia other mechanismsSODC20172019Campaign launched2-3% fuel savings, emission savings less clearAnti-idling campaign scoped during 2018 formal launch on clean air day (20 June 2019).2019Further works proposed around our anti-idling campaign for summer 2019. Campaign will aim to raise public awareness, especially at locations with sensitive receptors (schools).14Review of Council and contractors’ fleetPromoting Low Emission TransportCompany Vehicle Procurement -Prioritising uptake of low emission vehiclesSODC20172019New Policies in Place; Greener Vehicles ProcuredNot QuantifiedOur waste contractor (Biffa) updated its fleet to Euro 6 vehicles in October 2017. Council vehicles being purchased include an emission levels appraisal as part of the selection pletedFurther improvements in emissions should be realised as and when vehicles are replaced with newer, higher Euro Standard vehicles.15Eco-driver trainingVehicle Fleet EfficiencyDriver training and ECO driving aidsSODC20182020Training CompleteNot QuantifiedProject scoped, in discussion with our HR team for staff to attend Eco driver training2019First tranche of staff to be trained by Dec 201916Behavioural change projectsPromoting Travel AlternativesOtherSODC20192020Projects completedNot QuantifiedProgramme of events to raise awareness produced2020?Roadshow events are planned in the district market towns to raise awareness and promote behavioural change17Community projects: Wallingford Festival of CyclingPromoting Travel AlternativesOtherSODC20142017Projects completedNot QuantifiedOngoing. Some projects already completed2019 2019 Wallingford Festival of Cycling part funded18Awareness campaigns: Oxfordshire Air Quality WebsitePublic InformationOtherSODC20082009Number of campaigns and sources of informationNot QuantifiedComplete2015Further work proposed for 2019/20 includes raising public awareness by producing promotional materials and sharing information with other Oxfordshire councilsTwitter feed on website for news updates to be utilised19"Park and Stride" CampaignAlternatives to private vehicle useOtherSODC2019-Projects completedNot QuantifiedNot Yet StartedUnknownLooking at ways to promote this in conjunction with OCC?20"Cut Your Engine" CampaignVehicle Fleet EfficiencyOtherSODC2018-Projects completedNot QuantifiedAnti-idling campaign scoped during 2018, formal launch on clean air day (20 June 2019).UnknownFurther works proposed around our anti-idling campaign for summer 2019. Campaign will aim to raise public awareness, especially at locations with sensitive receptors (schools).21Awareness campaigns: Identification of monitoring sitesPublic InformationVia other mechanismsSODC20182018Stickers placed with diffusion tubes and continuous analysersNot QuantifiedProduced stickers to identify monitoring sites. The stickers include a link to our website for members public to easily access monitoring plete 201722A low emission freight strategy: Delivery service plansFreight and Delivery ManagementDelivery and Service plans OCC--Delivery plans required with commercial applicationsNot QuantifiedNot Yet Started-Dependant on OCC.OCC looking into the possibility of including delivery plans as a requirement for commercial applicationsPM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or ConcentrationsAs detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5?m or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.Regarding particulate matter levels in the district, examples from councils across the country who have traffic related AQMA’s highlight that where NO2 levels are typically around 60-70 ?g/m3, measured particulate matter (PM10) levels at the same location remain below 25 ?g/m3, which is well below the national objective level of 40 ?g/m3. Although there are both primary and secondary traffic related PM10 sources, the majority of the PM10 and PM2.5 fraction in our District is made up from background sources. No other significant PM sources have been identified in South Oxfordshire (see below Appendix F) and therefore the DEFRA background mappings of PM are believed to be accurate putting PM2.5 levels below 11 ?g/m3 in 2018 (please see Figure 2.1for an illustration of Defra’s PM2.5 modelled levels in the district), which is just half that of the national objective level.It’s also worth considering that there is a direct relationship between PM and NO2 when the major source is road traffic, based on this SODC do not currently monitor PM but we are confident it falls well below objective levels at all locations throughout the district.However, although the current particulate matter levels meet the national objective, PM has an impact on the health of South Oxfordshire’s residents. The Public Health Outcomes Framework sets out a vision for public health, that is to improve and protect the nation's health, and improve the health of the poorest fastest. With this in mind, they have developed a set of supporting indicators that help focus our understanding of how well we are doing, one of them being the fraction of mortality attributable to particulate air pollution.Indicator 3.0 represents the fraction of annual all-cause adult mortality attributable to human-made particulate air pollution (PM2.5).-39052540005000Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2 Modelled background PM 2.5 levels in South Oxfordshire in 2017The Public Health Outcomes Framework research, shown below in Figures 2.2 and 2.3, has determined that 5.3% of deaths from all causes in those aged 30+ are attributable to PM2.5 in South Oxfordshire.-1244603630295Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 2.3 Public Health Outcomes Framework: Fraction of female mortality attributable to PM2.5 in South Oxfordshire00Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 2.3 Public Health Outcomes Framework: Fraction of female mortality attributable to PM2.5 in South Oxfordshire-127000440924800-2838454445Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 2.2 Public Health Outcomes Framework: Fraction of male mortality attributable to PM2.5 in South Oxfordshire0Figure STYLEREF 1 \s 2.2 Public Health Outcomes Framework: Fraction of male mortality attributable to PM2.5 in South Oxfordshire-28448065493600In order to reduce PM levels further, some of the measures taken by South Oxford District Council to mitigate NOx emissions also reduce PM2.5 emissions. Table 2.3 below shows which of SODCs actions also target the reduction of the existing PM2.5 levels in the district.Table 2.3 List of measures in SODC's 2014 Action Plan that target PM2.5 reduction according to LAQM.TG16 Action Toolbox MeasureReduces PM2.5 emissionsLES?Installation of EV charging points?Parking permit incentives for green vehicles?Feasibility study for freight consolidation centre / freight quality partnerships?Installation of countdown clocks at traffic lights?Taxi incentives for LEVs?Improved use and enforcement of traffic regulation ordersReview of Council and contractors’ fleet?Eco-driver training?AQ planning guidanceIncreased use of the Wallingford ring road?Community projectsAwareness campaignsBehavioural change projectsA low emission freight strategy: Delivery service plans?"Park and Stride" Campaign?Anti-idling Campaigns?Smoothing traffic flow in Watlington?Increased enforcement and review of the weight restriction zone in Watlington?A low emission bus strategyMini Park and Ride?PickMeUp?Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National ComplianceSummary of Monitoring UndertakenAutomatic Monitoring SitesThis section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.South Oxfordshire District Council undertook automatic (continuous) monitoring at three sites during 2018. REF _Ref447720256 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites. National monitoring results are available at showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on how the monitors are calibrated and how the data has been adjusted are included in Appendix C.Non-Automatic Monitoring SitesSouth Oxfordshire District Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 62 sites during 2018. REF _Ref447720267 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table A.2 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.Individual PollutantsThe air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias, “annualisation” and distance correction. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) REF _Ref447720284 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table A.3 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 40?g/m3.For diffusion tubes, the full 2018 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. REF _Ref447720288 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table A.4 in Appendix A compares the ratified continuous monitored NO2 hourly mean concentrations for the past five years with the air quality objective of 200?g/m3, not to be exceeded more than 18 times per year.Regarding the trend followed in South Oxfordshire, in 2018 air quality has continued to improve. Within all three declared AQMAs nitrogen dioxide levels have decreased in the last five years, as shown in Figures A.1 to A.3. Also, outside the borders of the AQMAs NO2 levels have also decreased in most locations (see Figures A.4 and A.5), with some exceptions.In regard to the exceedances recorded, the decrease in NO2 concentration mentioned above has resulted in a decrease in the number of exceedances of the annual mean objective recorded, which has gone from six in 2017 to none in 2018. The results registered in Mendip Heights, Didcot (S72), were high at the monitoring site (47.3 ?g/m3). This site is located at a roundabout, with the nearest dwelling (2 Mendip Heights) being more than 30m away. Therefore, there is no relevant exposure at this location and the predicted annual mean at the receptor was of 29.6 ?g/m3, therefore not constituting an exceedance of the annual mean objective.However, since the distance between the receptor and the site is greater than 20m, the result should be interpreted carefully.It’s also worth considering the fact that such dwelling is located at the top of a hill while the monitoring site and road are located at the bottom of the hill. Apart from the distance, this height difference suggests emissions from the road will be dispersed before reaching the dwelings, which would result in much lower level if the monitoring was carried out at the fachade of the houses. In order to review NO2 levels in this site more accurately, the monitoring site was moved and is now located adjacent to the facade of 2 Mendip Height, where the result obtained won’t need to be subjected to distance correction and will therefore indicate precisely the level the occupants of the property are exposed to.In terms of the NO2 1-hour mean objective, concentrations higher than 200 ?g NO2/m3 were registered once by the analyser in Wallingford (exceedances of this objective are permitted up to 18 days per year), suggesting an isolated episode.None of the diffussion tubes recorded levels above 60 ?gNO2/m3, it is considered that the 1-hour objective was met at all of the other monitoring sites across the district.Appendix A: Monitoring ResultsTable A. SEQ Table_A. \* ARABIC 1 – Details of Automatic Monitoring SitesSite IDSite NameSite TypeX OS Grid RefY OS Grid RefPollutants MonitoredIn AQMA?Monitoring TechniqueDistance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1)Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2)Inlet Height (m)WallingfordWallingford83 High StRoadside460800189500NO2YESChemiluminescent01.21.5HenleyHenley45 Duke StRoadside476116182531NO2YESChemiluminescent03.51.5WatlingtonWatlington Town hallRoadside468973194487NO2YESChemiluminescent01.21.5Notes:(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the fa?ade of a residential property).(2) N/A if not applicable.Table A. SEQ Table_A. \* ARABIC 2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring SitesSite IDSite NameSite TypeX OS Grid RefY OS Grid RefPollutants MonitoredIn AQMA?Distance to Relevant Exposure (m) (1)Distance to kerb of nearest road (m) (2)Tube collocated with a Continuous Analyser?Height (m)1Didcot, 20 Wantage RoadKerbside451780189920NO2No91NO2.52Didcot, 100 Park RoadKerbside451652199384NO2No151NO2.54Didcot, 55 BroadwayRoadside453099190031NO2No43NO2.55Benson, 8 Lune CloseUrban background453499190384NO2No21NO2.56Clifton Hampden, Magnolia Cottages, Near Post OfficeRoadside454710195562NO2No03NO2.57Didcot, 77 The Broadway (co-location)Roadside453023189999NO2No05NO2.58Didcot, 77 The Broadway (co-location)Roadside453023189999NO2No05NO2.59Didcot, 77 The Broadway (co-location)Roadside453023189999NO2No05NO2.511Didcot, 110 The BroadwayRoadside452865189979NO2No22NO2.512Wallingford, 2 Station RoadRoadside460389189498NO2Yes03NO2.513Wallingford, 68 High StreetKerbside460640189483NO2Yes01NO2.515Wallingford, 33 Castle StreetKerbside460736189567NO2Yes11NO2.516Wallingford, 52 St Mary's StreetRoadside460713189279NO2No02NO2.517Wallingford, 57 Brookmead DriveUrban background460282188807NO2No161NO2.518Wallingford, 10 St Martins StreetRoadside460684189204NO2No11.5NO2.519Wallingford, George Hotel, High St (co-location)Roadside460799189500NO2Yes02YES1.520Wallingford, George Hotel, High St (co-location)Roadside460799189500NO2Yes02YES1.521Wallingford, George Hotel, High St (co-location)Roadside460799189500NO2Yes02YES1.523Wallingford, 102 High St (The Gate House)Roadside460938189496NO2Yes02NO2.526Chinnor, 3 Lower RoadRoadside475250201230NO2No32NO2.527Wheatley, 50 High StreetKerbside459532205740NO2No01NO2.528Thame, 1 Ludlow DriveRoadside471283205977NO2No62NO2.529Thame, 16 Park StreetKerbside471010205598NO2No11NO2.530Watlington, 8 Shirburn StKerbside469017.458194513.661NO2Yes01NO2.531Watlington, 23 Shirburn StreetKerbside469061194590NO2Yes11NO2.532Watlington, 48 Couching St (Co-Op)Kerbside468962194458NO2Yes01NO2.533Watlington, 41 Couching St Roadside468951194457NO2Yes02NO2.536Watlington, 9 Couching StRoadside468852194343NO2Yes32NO2.537Watlington, 27 Brook StreetKerbside468756194360NO2Yes21NO2.538Watlington, 57 Brook StreetRoadside468856194293NO2Yes52NO2.539Watlington, St Leonards ChurchKerbside468478.851194720.915NO2No211NO2.540Henley, 82 Bell Street (Atlantic House)Kerbside476080182951NO2No11NO2.541Henley, 33 New StreetKerbside476209182831NO2No11NO2.542Henley, 82 Northfield EndRoadside475869183217NO2No22NO2.543Henley, Imperial Court, Station RoadRoadside476286182290NO2No62NO2.544Henley, 178 Reading RoadRoadside476547181735NO2No13NO2.545Henley, Upton Close, Reading RoadRoadside476288182078NO2No182NO2.546Henley, 35 Reading RoadRoadside476174182396NO2Yes03NO2.547Henley, 2 Greys RoadKerbside476103182506NO2Yes11NO2.548Henley, 45 Duke St (co-location)Roadside476115182532NO2Yes14YES1.549Henley, 45 Duke St (co-location)Roadside476115182532NO2Yes14YES1.550Henley, 45 Duke St (co-location)Roadside476115182532NO2Yes14YES1.551Henley, 4 Duke StreetKerbside476071182612NO2Yes01NO2.552Henley, 40 Hart StRoadside476223182652NO2Yes02NO2.553Henley, 27 Market PlaceRoadside475997182614NO2Yes03NO2.554Henley, 15 Lovell CloseKerbside475104181557NO2No61NO2.557M40, 9 Adwell CottagesRoadside470199200196NO2No015NO2.561M40, 10 Adwell CottagesRoadside470207200190NO2No017NO2.563Henley, 19 St Johns Road, HithercroftKerbside460152189130NO2No11NO2.565Henley, 23 Thameside Roadside476308182760NO2No03NO2.566Watlington, 39 Kings RoadRoadside475878182760NO2No12NO2.567Wallingford, 11A Watlington RoadKerbside461724191785NO2No40NO2.568Wallingford, 3A The Street (New house)Kerbside461298189367NO2No31NO2.569Wallingford, Outside Bartlett Close, Reading RoadUrban background460470188224NO2No91NO2.570Wallingford, Newham Manor Farm, A4074 Roadside461916188424NO2No252NO1.571Didcot, 8 Great Western Drive, Station roadRoadside452084190694NO2No132NO2.572Didcot, Mendip Heights, Station RoadRoadside451424190943NO2No292NO2.573Thame, 41 Aylesbury RoadRoadside470605206554NO2No22NO2.574Thame, Churchill Crescent, Kingsey RdRoadside471695205806NO2No02NO2.575Little Milton, 63 High Street (Plumtree Cottage) Kerbside461901200989NO2No01NO2.576Stadhampton, 2 Cratlands CloseKerbside460279198618NO2No101NO2.577Stadhampton, Holme Cottage, Newington RdKerbside460163198398NO2No21NO2.5Notes:(1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on/adjacent to the fa?ade of a residential property).(2) N/A if not applicable.Table A. SEQ Table_A. \* ARABIC 3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring ResultsSite IDSite TypeMonitoring TypeValid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1)Valid Data Capture 2018 (%) (2)NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (?g/m3) (3)20142015201620172018S1KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%29.325.830.827.225.1S2KerbsideDiffusion Tube75%75%25.829.527.925.018.9S4RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%3730.736.333.629.5S5Urban backgroundDiffusion Tube100%100%2118.620.421.317.8S6RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%28.826.528.132.524.3S7-9RoadsideAutomatic94%94%35.229.833.930.726.3S11RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%34.229.535.230.025.6S12RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%33.127.83228.226.3S13KerbsideDiffusion Tube50%50%35.128.232.628.921.5S15KerbsideDiffusion Tube100%100%36.829.933.530.427.0S16RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%29.524.524.729.329.1S17Urban backgroundDiffusion Tube92%92%13.711.515.816.413.3S18RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%31.726.729.630.328.4S19-21RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%41.134.440.740.037.4S23RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%36.231.636.934.732.1S26RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%35.130.13233.128.3S27KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%2823.826.825.822.1S28RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%17.214.417.715.713.5S29KerbsideDiffusion Tube100%100%27.124.427.925.021.9S30KerbsideDiffusion Tube83%83%46.440.846.241.939.2S31KerbsideDiffusion Tube100%100%45.134.737.534.629.6S32KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%49.338.744.240.435.3S33RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%5543.950.245.738.5S36RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%33.429.331.627.823.5S37KerbsideDiffusion Tube83%83%28.325.336.531.523.5S38RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%3526.227.926.524.2S39KerbsideDiffusion Tube25%25%11.4?13.010.5S40KerbsideDiffusion Tube100%100%39.732.533.229.429.9S41KerbsideDiffusion Tube100%100%32.728.131.527.925.4S42RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%34.128.131.928.025.1S43RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%40.929.233.129.026.5S44RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%35.1313827.726.4S45RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%36.326.330.627.322.4S46RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%38.731.23730.427.8S47KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%44.53440.534.632.5S48-50RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%39.530.236.532.328.8S51KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%58.847.147.447.539.6S52RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%43.336.53835.131.4S53RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%29.527.533.527.524.9S54KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%21.512.414.712.412.1S57RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%37.935.633.639.131.3S61RoadsideDiffusion Tube83%83%4036.53937.932.2S63KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%24.220.325.121.418.5S65RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%33.939.339.323.630.6S66RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%25.722.726.423.921.1S67KerbsideDiffusion Tube83%83%2318.1?30.227.9S68KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%25.619.222.222.518.4S69Urban backgroundDiffusion Tube67%67%22.119.522.218.419.4S70RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%43.633.639.832.731.0S71RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%37.532.539.835.127.7S72RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%6653.256.966.447.3S73RoadsideDiffusion Tube100%100%40.534.136.935.031.3S74RoadsideDiffusion Tube92%92%21.419.523.622.118.8S75KerbsideDiffusion Tube100%100%37.732.33632.625.9S76KerbsideDiffusion Tube92%92%27.121.42421.618.9S77KerbsideDiffusion Tube100%100%2923.330.126.323.9HenleyRoadsideAutomatic76%76%34.128.131.928.230.0WallingfordRoadsideAutomatic92%92%40333735.437.0WatlingtonRoadsideAutomatic98%98%38353732.031.0? Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ? Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% Notes:Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40?g/m3 are shown in bold.NO2 annual means exceeding 60?g/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.(1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.(2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).(3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details.Figure A. SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 4 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: WallingfordFigure A. SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 5 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: Watlington Figure A. SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 6 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: Henley on ThamesFigure A.4 Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations: Didcot Figure A.5 Other trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations in South OxfordshireTable A. SEQ Table_A. \* ARABIC 4 – 1-Hour Mean NO2 Monitoring ResultsSite IDSite TypeMonitoring TypeValid Data Capture for Monitoring Period (%) (1)Valid Data Capture 2018 (%) (2)NO2 1-Hour Means > 200?g/m3 (3)20142015201620172018HenleyRoadsideAutomatic76%76%00000WallingfordRoadsideAutomatic92%92%00001WatlingtonKerbsideAutomatic98%98%10100Notes:Exceedances of the NO2 1-hour mean objective (200?g/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times/year) are shown in bold.(1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year.(2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%).(3) If the period of valid data is less than 85%, the 99.8th percentile of 1-hour means is provided in brackets.Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2018Table B. SEQ Table_B. \* ARABIC 1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2018Site IDNO2 Mean Concentrations (?g/m3)JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecAnnual MeanRaw DataBias Adjusted (1.08 and 0.79) and Annualised (1)Distance Corrected to Nearest Exposure (2)131.229.929.927.329.624.620.620.624.331.3?37.427.925.1N/A2?22.622.619.1??18.015.818.623.927.124.121.318.9N/A436.231.931.932.734.229.034.628.032.635.232.640.533.329.5N/A523.923.523.517.416.210.814.514.227.017.825.423.019.817.8N/A628.826.226.223.531.228.626.220.026.332.330.830.127.524.3N/A735.827.227.231.028.423.327.224.6?30.639.333.529.826.8N/A836.129.029.029.627.522.027.724.727.128.934.935.329.326.2N/A931.727.727.727.127.723.426.922.726.0?42.436.729.126.0N/A11?29.729.727.232.631.128.521.726.333.331.932.629.525.6N/A1233.926.726.724.628.725.029.328.531.334.533.535.229.826.3N/A13???27.325.2???20.030.330.733.727.921.5N/A1534.330.330.331.127.628.328.425.230.135.832.330.430.327.0N/A1636.033.333.332.228.430.334.228.734.835.730.235.532.729.1N/A1718.919.219.213.211.19.410.18.812.817.8?19.114.513.3N/A1833.232.432.430.633.229.431.027.032.933.231.737.532.028.4N/A1931.538.438.438.348.750.148.441.242.647.540.346.542.737.2N/A2035.642.042.037.744.748.447.638.746.347.439.045.542.937.7N/A2138.740.040.037.542.146.548.640.842.945.440.544.842.337.2N/A2336.635.335.3?40.134.238.531.737.039.636.642.037.032.1N/A2633.927.927.932.330.733.331.927.127.435.138.239.332.128.3N/A2729.625.625.626.1?18.620.618.223.526.327.126.724.422.1N/A2820.218.518.514.011.99.29.610.013.117.217.619.614.913.5N/A2924.426.326.324.227.923.120.917.522.024.128.430.624.621.9N/A3038.438.638.645.850.445.744.7??43.751.140.743.839.2N/A3133.731.231.230.639.632.636.127.831.737.732.138.333.629.6N/A3238.334.134.136.946.943.540.4?32.444.347.740.439.935.3N/A3339.439.339.338.648.846.550.945.039.049.643.147.543.938.5N/A3628.125.625.622.427.227.125.923.024.231.028.232.126.723.5N/A37?31.531.514.8?26.125.422.921.831.232.031.926.923.5N/A3825.126.326.324.630.826.029.121.326.830.034.530.127.624.2N/A39?????7.99.1?????8.510.5N/A4032.630.230.234.739.334.232.624.828.835.446.637.833.929.9N/A4129.126.226.227.731.329.028.621.225.731.436.832.428.825.4N/A4228.826.026.026.729.627.327.422.025.531.338.233.628.525.1N/A4329.726.726.726.529.528.231.623.526.540.139.733.930.226.5N/A44?27.627.633.030.925.529.118.628.036.738.340.230.526.4N/A45?24.624.626.921.818.725.322.924.226.135.532.725.822.4N/A4630.928.928.929.240.435.131.522.327.729.946.228.331.627.8N/A4735.529.029.037.838.332.941.331.6?38.945.344.436.732.5N/A4831.230.130.133.539.136.534.726.728.432.341.235.333.329.3N/A4928.430.130.134.240.534.633.426.526.533.042.235.732.929.0N/A5028.627.527.534.343.730.634.426.326.333.537.934.632.128.2N/A51?34.134.149.149.042.957.845.145.648.152.1?45.839.6N/A5239.529.229.237.337.333.540.033.336.336.839.235.235.631.4N/A5323.823.023.029.228.1?25.921.727.329.438.341.428.324.9N/A5414.313.913.911.811.2?8.98.211.315.121.918.213.512.1N/A5735.431.931.934.030.624.145.344.037.542.130.739.435.631.3N/A6133.128.328.3?47.925.746.951.439.739.2?34.037.432.2N/A6326.520.520.5?20.616.518.815.719.220.425.928.221.218.5N/A6538.126.226.239.832.032.849.433.8?34.831.433.534.430.6N/A6626.923.923.925.019.817.419.014.720.424.835.032.623.621.1N/A6732.226.726.730.336.233.8?25.0?31.536.631.631.127.9N/A6821.421.221.2?20.321.222.813.720.822.924.823.021.218.4N/A69???13.520.0?20.919.421.725.148.724.124.219.4N/A7032.429.629.635.634.634.234.534.637.141.6?41.035.031.0N/A7129.429.929.927.336.431.638.625.629.734.131.434.831.527.7N/A7253.255.555.5?59.956.854.942.460.245.757.256.554.447.329.67340.831.831.833.036.226.139.232.235.738.839.240.935.531.3N/A7428.121.421.419.916.513.9?12.417.424.724.828.220.818.8N/A7529.031.331.319.130.526.929.423.728.136.835.032.029.425.9N/A7625.322.522.5?20.619.118.113.921.123.528.222.121.518.9N/A7725.827.627.625.832.731.127.216.223.029.630.826.627.023.9N/A? Local bias adjustment factor used ? National bias adjustment factor used ? Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ? Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure. With exception of S72, the monitoring sites that recorded values higher than 36?g/m3 are located adjacent to a receptor.Notes: Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40?g/m3 are shown in bold.NO2 annual means exceeding 60?g/m3, indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined.(1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation.(2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure. See Appendix C for details on distance correction.(3) NO2 Mean Concentrations (?g/m3) has been left blank for months in which data has not been recorded due to the diffusion tube being vandalised/stolen(3) Where N/A, the result obtained was not suitable for distance correction due to the location of the monitoring site (either adjacent to a dwelling or more than 15m away from relevant exposure)NO2 Mean Concentrations (?g/m3) has been left blank for months in which data has not been recorded due to the diffusion tube being vandalised/stolen.Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QCIn 2018 South Oxfordshire District Council changed diffusion tube provider, which made it impossible to apply the national bias adjustment factor since the data belong to two different laboratories: Gradko (Jan-April) and Socotec (May-December). It’s also worth mentioning SODC’s were not included in the calculation of the national bias adjustment factor to take part in this survey LAs must obtain 9 months of data when the automatic analyser has a data capture >75% and valid diffusion tube data, which was not the case of SODC in 2018.Using our local bias adjustment factor for this report was therefore the only option this year. Out of the two co-locations in the district, the data used to calculate the local BAF was the one in Wallingford’s AQMA, since the data capture (92%) was much higher than that of Henley (76%). 1784351659768Bias adjusted NO2 average for each site=4 month average*4 month bias factor*4 12+ 8 month average*8 month bias factor*8 1200Bias adjusted NO2 average for each site=4 month average*4 month bias factor*4 12+ 8 month average*8 month bias factor*8 12Following Defra’s suggested best practice, due to the change in diffusion tube provider mid-year, rather than defining a single bias adjustment figure across the two laboratories, two separate bias factors were calculated. The first one was used to adjust the data Jan-April 2018 (period 1) and the second one to correct the data May-December 2018 (Period 2). A weighted average see formula below, of the two periods was then applied to obtain the final bias adjusted figures.The results obtained using the local BAF calculator for Period 1 and 2 are shown on Figure C.1 and C.2 below.In regard to the annualisation of diffusion tubes whose data capture was lower that 75%, S39 (St Leonards Church, Watlington) and S69 (Bartlett Close, Wallingford), the background monitoring site chosen for the calculation was Lune Close, the only other background site in the district for which we obtained 12 months of data in 2018. Table C1 below shows this calculation.For information on the performance of Socotec’s diffusion tubes and the analyser annual graphs, see Figures C3 to C5 below.Figure C.1 Result of Bias Factor Calculator for Period 1Figure C.2 Result of Bias Factor Calculator for Period 2Table C.1 Annualisation of results obtained in S39 (St Leonards Church, Watlington) and S69 (Bartlett Close, Wallingford) where data capture was below 75%MonthB1 (Lune Close)D1 (St Leonards Church)B1 when D1 availableD2 (Bartlett Close)B1 when D2 available123.86????223.54????323.54????417.39??13.4817.39516.2??2016.2610.87.910.8??714.59.114.520.914.5814.2??19.414.2927??21.7271017.8??25.117.81125.4??48.725.41223??24.123Mean:19.778.5012.6524.1719.44Ratio:0.671.24Annualised average:13.2824.59Table C.1 (cont.) Annualisation of results obtained in S13 (68 High Street, Wallingford) where data capture was below 75%MonthB1 (Lune Close, Didcot)D1 (S13: 68 High Street, Wallingford)B1 when D1 available123.86223.54323.54417.3927.2717.39516.225.216.2610.8714.5814.292720271017.830.317.81125.430.7122333.723Mean19.7727.8620.28Ratio (Ra)0.97Annualised average 27.16115525-60500-120650Figure C.3 Henley Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual GraphFigure C.3 Henley Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual GraphFigure C.4 Wallingford Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual Graph450850Figure C.5 Watlington Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual GraphFigure C.5 Watlington Continuous Analyser: 2018 Annual Graph4550128215900For information on the distance correction calculation carried out, following the guidance provided in LAQM.TG16, please see table C.3 below produced by means of Defra’s NO2 fall off with distance Calculator. The background figure (11.57?g/m3) was obtained averaging the figures provided in Defra’s Background NO2 Maps due to poor data capture in background monitoring sites.The concentration of NO2 decreases with distance from an emission source, this is due to dispersion, deposition and chemical transformation. This suggest where monitoring sites are not located adjacent to a dwelling, but between the receptor and the road, the results obtained need to be distance corrected to be representative of the NO2 levels at the receptor. The data provided in the distance corrected column (first column on the right in Table B.1 and Table C.3) is therefore the figure that should be considered to understand NO2 levels in an area. Figure C.7 Socotec and Gradko’s Diffusion tubes: QC/QA information408079510773SOCOTEC00SOCOTECFigure C. SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 7 Distance correction results for S72: Mendip Heights, DidcotAppendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs3296285629221500left4126230Figure D SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 8 Watlington AQMA and monitoring sites00Figure D 8 Watlington AQMA and monitoring sites-1178560177482500 -43037713551815Figure D. SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 9 Henley AQMA and monitoring sites00Figure D.9 Henley AQMA and monitoring sites-12217401908810008108957106920003383280134366000-44984854291820Figure D. SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 10 Wallingford AQMA and monitoring sites 00Figure D.10 Wallingford AQMA and monitoring sites -1669415200850500Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in EnglandTable E. SEQ Table_E. \* ARABIC 1 – Air Quality Objectives in EnglandPollutantAir Quality ObjectiveConcentrationMeasured asNitrogen Dioxide (NO2)200 ?g/m3 not to be exceeded more than 18 times a year1-hour mean40 ?g/m3Annual meanParticulate Matter (PM10)50 ?g/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year24-hour mean40 ?g/m3Annual meanSulphur Dioxide (SO2)350 ?g/m3, not to be exceeded more than 24 times a year1-hour mean125 ?g/m3, not to be exceeded more than 3 times a year24-hour mean266 ?g/m3, not to be exceeded more than 35 times a year15-minute meanAppendix F: Screening Assessment of Road Traffic PM Sources in South Oxfordshire’s AQMAs.Road source categoryObjectives of concernCriteriaHenley AQMAWallingford AQMAWatlington AQMAMeets the criteria?Why?Meets the criteria?Why?Meets the criteria?Why?Roads with ahigh flow ofHDVsLong andShort-Term2,500 HDVs/day - exposure within 10m from kerbNo<2,500 HDV's per dayNo<2,500 HDV's per dayNo<2,500 HDV's per dayJunctionsLong andShort-Term10,000 vehicles/day - exposure within 10m from kerbNoNo junctions (10,000 vehicles/day) within AQMANoNo junctions (10,000 vehicles/day) within AQMANoNo junctions (10,000 vehicles/day) within AQMANew roadsconstructed orproposed sincethe last round of Review and AssessmentLong andShort-Termif no air quality assessmentavailable from planningapplication - 10,000vehicles/dayNoNow new roads in AQMANoNow new roads in AQMANoNow new roads in AQMARoads withsignificantlychanged trafficflowsLong andShort-Term25% traffic increase on roads> 10,000 vehicles/day -exposure within 10m fromkerbNoNo significant changes in traffic flowsNoNo significant changes in traffic flowsNoNo significant changes in traffic flowsGlossary of TermsAbbreviationDescriptionAQAPAir Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’AQMAAir Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectivesASRAir quality Annual Status ReportDefraDepartment for Environment, Food and Rural AffairsDMRBDesign Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways EnglandEUEuropean UnionFDMSFilter Dynamics Measurement SystemLAQMLocal Air Quality ManagementNO2Nitrogen DioxideNOxNitrogen OxidesPM10Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10?m (micrometres or microns) or lessPM2.5Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5?m or lessQA/QCQuality Assurance and Quality ControlSO2Sulphur DioxidePHEPublic Health EnglandLESLow Emission StrategyReferences1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status, and respiratory health, 20102 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 20063 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 20134 SODC, 2015. Low Emission Strategy. Oxfordshire Air Quality [online] Available at: SODC, 2014. Air Quality Action Plan. Oxfordshire Air Quality [online] Available at: Oxfordshire District Councils, 2009. Oxfordshire Air Quality Website [online]. Available at: references. ................
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