משרד החינוך - דף הבית



????? ?? ????? ????? 2020 EAG ??? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? "????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?? Education at a Glance (EAG) 2020" ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?-08/09/2020. ????????? ??? 6-17 ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?-OECD????? ??????? ??? 6-17 ???? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????.??? 2010 ?-2018 ????????? ??? 6-17 ?????? ???? ?-15.5%. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?-OECD. ?????? ?-OECD ????????? ?? ???? ?-0.2%.????? 1.1: ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ??? 6-17 ??? 2010 ?-2018????: ????? ???? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? OECDstat?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??- 25% ?????? ??????, 26.4 ??????? ????? ????? 21.1 ??????? ?????? ?-OECD . ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????: ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?-9.4% ???? 2005 ?-28.2 ??????? ???? 2018. ????? ?-OECD ???? ?? 23.3 ??????? ?????, ??? ?? ?- 21%.?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?-OECD ??????? ??? 3-5 (100.0) ?-15-17 (94.8). ?????? ????? ?????? 3-5 ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?-OECD.?????? ??-OECD ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? 15-17 ?????? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ???, ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?-90%.?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?-OECD ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????.??? 1.4: ?????? ????? ??? ??? 15-17 ??? ???? ?-2018?????????? ??????????96.393.494.8????? 94.693.994.2OECD????: ????? ???? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? OECDstat???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?-2 ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? 15 ???? ????? ????, ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?-OECD. ??? ??????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?-11 ????.?? ??????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? 3.?????? ?????? ????"? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ????"? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?-OECD: ??? ?? 19% ?????? ?????? ??? 7% ?????? ???????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ??????, ????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????"? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?-OECD.????? 2.3: ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????"? ???????? ?????? (2019)EAG 2020, Tables D1.1, D1.2, D1.3 & D1.4, pp 359-362 ????: ????? ??? ?' ????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?- OECD. ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????. ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????. ???"? ????"? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?-OECD. ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?-OECD.??? 3.1: ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?- 2019????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????6231,1986941,1778351,225????? 6801,1587121,1857781,192OECDEAG 2020, Tables D4.1 & D4.2, pp. 415-416 ????:????? ????????, ?????? ?????? '???? ???' ?????? ?????? ????"? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????. ????? ????? ?????? '??? ??????' ???"? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????.????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?- OECD??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?-OECD. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?- OECD ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??-OECD ???? ?? ??? ?????? (???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??- 2.6 ????, 1.9 ???"? ?-1.5 ???"?).??? 3.3: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?-2018??? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????44.242.840.941.8?????45.744.743.541.5OECD????: ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? OECDstat??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 39 ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?- OECD?????? ?????? ??? 50 ????? ???? ????.????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????. ??????, ?- 33% ??????? ???"? ?? ??? ??? 50 ????? ?-22% ???? ?????? ??????. ????? 3.2: ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, 2018????: ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? OECDstat??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (??? 99%) ??????? ?????? (??? 85%). ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?-OECD . ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? ???????. ????-????? ????? ?????? ??? 0.6%, ?- 15% ??????, ?-21% ???"? ??-30% ???"?. ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?-OECD, ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????.??? 3.4: ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?-2018??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????70.578.785.799.4?????59.767.582.396.5OECD????: EAG 2020, Table D5.1 p. 430 ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?-2018????: EAG 2020, Table D5.1 p. 430 ?????? ???? ????? ?-71% ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????, ?-61% ???"? ????? ???"?. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?-OECD. ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????.????? 3.7: ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????, ??? ??? ????? ?-2017????: ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? OECDstat?????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????? ??-OECD ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????.??? 3.5: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?-2018, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? 44.242.840.9????? - ??"?43.342.440.7????46.444.342.3?????45.744.743.5OECD-??"?45.244.543.5????46.544.943.3?????????: ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? OECDstat??? ?????PPP ??? ????? ?"? EAG ????? ????? ????? ???? ?-EAG 2020 ??? ??? ???????Private consumption. PPP=4.191 ???? ??-?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?????? 2019. ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?- OECD. PPP ????? ???GDP ???? 2017, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??- 3.745 ?"??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 25-64 ???? ???? ???????? ?-OECD?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?-3% ??? ?? ?-OECD. ???"? ??? ???? ??-5% ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??-6%.??? 4.5: ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?- PPP ?????? ??- OECD ?- 2019??? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ?????46,694 43,947 41,258 40,029 ?????49,778 46,225 43,942 38,677 OECD0.940.950.941.03???? ?????/OECD????: EAG 2020, Table D3.12 web?????? ??? ?- OECD, ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? 25-34 ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? 55-64, ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????.??? ???? ?????? ?-2019 ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 25-34 ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?-OECD. ????? ???, ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 55-64 ???? ???? ??????.??? 2014 ?-2019 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??-OECD ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??-OECD ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??????, ??? ???? ??"? ?? 55-64 ??? ?-OECD ??-2.6% ??????? ??-24.7%, ???? ?? 10.??? 4.8: ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 2014 ?-2019 ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? (2014=100)??? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ???????109.7 115.1 117.0 25-34??????124.7 121.0 120.3 55-64104.5 105.1 107.4 106.4 25-34OECD102.4 102.6 104.4 103.5 55-64????: ??????? ?? ??? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ??????. EAG 2020 D3.12, web, EAG 2016, Table D3.4 * ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????.?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? (??? ?-3% ?????? ???? ????? ??-15% ???"?). ?-OECD ?????? ?????: ????? ????? ?? ?-3% ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????"?.??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?-OECD ???? ?????? ???? (?????? ????????)???? 2019 ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?- OECD. ??? 4.9: ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? (2019)- ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??"???"????????? ?????0.970.910.860.83?????0.940.890.850.80????? OECD????: ??????? ?? ??? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ??????. EAG 2020 D3.8, web???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ????"? ??????, ???? ?????? ????? ?-62% ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?-14% ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ????. ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????.?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????. ????? ??? ????? ??????? (55-64) ???????? ?-OECD ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? (25-34). ?????, ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?-OECD , ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????.??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?-OECD???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?- OECD ??? ?-9% ?????? ?????? ????"? ??-4% ???"?. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?- 26% ?????? ???? ?????.??? 4.7: ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????PPP - ??? ?????, 2019??"???"????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??????39.037.333.737.9?????43.039.036.930.1????? OECD0.910.960.911.26??? ???? ???? ????? / OECD????: ??????? ???? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ????:EAG 2020, Tables D3.12 web, D4.1?????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???????? ?-1% ???? ??????, ?- 4% ???? ???"? ??-15% ???? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????"? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?-OECD ???? ???? ???? ???"?. ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????.??? 4.16: ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??-OECD, ??? ??? ????? ?-PPP, 2019??"???"?????? ?????80,64871,55873,109????? 79,53173,40467,365OECD????: EAG 2020, Table D3.3 p. 398??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?-OECD. ?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ?????? ???????, ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????.??? 4.15: ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?-PPP, 2019????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????*105,909 *42,451 83,331 51,603 83,102 51,535 ?????88,322 54,287 86,974 52,077 78,877 47,582 OECD????: EAG 2020, Table D3.4 p. 399* ????: ?????? ??????? 91% ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? '??? ??????' ?-9% ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? '??? ??????' (91% ????????) ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? (9% ????????). ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 45,570$ ?-105,909$ ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? 42,451$ ?-91,329$.???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????"?. ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????"? ???? ??????? ???? ????.????? ??????PPP ????? ???GDP ???? 2017, ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??- 3.745 ?"???? ????? 2012-2017 ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ?? 6.9 ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 2017 ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? 2-5 ??? ?????? ?????????, ????? ????"? (????? ?????? ??-?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?- OECD), ?????? ??? ?? 7.5% ????? 5.7% ?????? ?- OECD. ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????, ??-????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 6.0% ????? 4.3% ?????? ?- OECD . ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?-OECD ???? ????? 67% ?????? ?-OECD ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?-91% ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????.???? 2012, ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ????????? ?. ?????? ???????? ???? ?? 6.9 ???? ??????? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????: ?????? ?????? ???? ?-40% ??????? ???????? ???? ??-32%. ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????.????? ????????? ???"? ???? ?- PPP ??????? ?????????"? ????* (??????)????????? (??????)?????? ?????? ?-20102018????? ?????? ?-2010201841.1%40,297 16.5%8,798 ?????33.0%45,079 5.0%1,351,923 OECD21.8%42,784 2.2%60,484 ??????29.0%62,945 6.2%325,732 ???"?39.0%54,530 1.2%82,792 ??????32.6%57,216 4.5%5,781 ?????40.1%38,958 1.0%2,067 ???????30.5%32,579 1.0%5,443 ???????26.6%40,542 0.4%46,658 ????25.7%34,342 -2.7%10,291 ???????27.2%49,395 3.0%5,513 ??????45.9%40,443 1.4%10,610 ?'???28.3%46,431 3.5%66,919 ????39.1%42,240 4.1%51,607 ??????????: ????? ???? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? OECDstat ????? 5.6: ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ???-????? ????-?????? ?????? (??????? ?)????: ????? ??? ??? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ??????, ?? ????EAG 2020, Table X2.1 p. 440 & OECDstat?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? 2 ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????.????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??-:OECD 7.9% ?????? ??? 8.0% ??????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (3.2% ??? 2.3%). ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????.????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? 14 ???? 32 ?????? ?????? ???? ??????.???? 5.2: ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?-2017????: ????? ???? ????? EAG 2020 Table C3.1, p. 300, ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? 2012-2017, ?- 4.4% ???? ????? ????? ?-OECD ?-1.6% ????.??? ????? 2012-2017, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????.????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????: ???? ???????? ????? ?????? (?????, ???? ???????? ????? ?????), 10% ????? ????? ???? ????? 1% ?????? ?-OECD, ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?-1.1% ????? ????????.????? 5.3: ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? (2012-2017)????:EAG 2020 Table C1.3, p. 280 ?????????? ???????? – ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?-2019 ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? OECD (50.2% ????? 38.0%). ??????, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????: 12.9% ?????? ????? 22.1% ?????? OECD. ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????. ??? 6.1: ??????? (???????) ?? ????? 25-64 ??? ??? ?????? ?-2010 ?-201920192010?????? ????????????? ??????*?? ????? ??????, ????????? ????????????? ??????*?? ????? ??????, ????50.2%36.8%12.9%45.6%36.5%17.9%?????38.0%40.5%22.1%30.3%44.6%25.1%OECD????: ??????? ???? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? ????EAG 2020, Table A1.1, p. 51 * ???? ????? ??-?????? ????? ????? ????.???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? 2010 17.9% ???? ?-12.9% ???? 2019. ?????? ?????? ??????? ?- OECD ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? 22.1% ???? ??????, ??????, ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??.????? ??????? ???? ????? 2013 ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?-32.5% ?-37.7% ?-2019 (????? ?? 16%). ????? ???, ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?-14.3% ???? 2017 ????? ??? ??? ?-12.6% ???? 2019. ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? 2017 ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????.????? 6.6: ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????, ??? ???? ?????, ????? 25-64, ????? ????????: EAG 2020, Table A1.1, p. 51 ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? 25-34 ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ??-OECD. ????? ???? ?-20% ?????? ??-12% ?-OECD. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????.????? 6.4: ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? 25-34 ??? ????, ?????? ??-OECD, ?-2019????: EAG 2020, Table A1.2, p. 52 ??????? ?-OECD ????????? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????.??? 6.4: ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?-2018 (?????) – ???? ?????? ???????????? Ph.D???? ??? MA ???? ????? BA?34.632.924.3?????31.427.521.8OECD????: ????? ???? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? OECDstat???? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????, ???? ??? ???????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????. ??? 6.6: ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? (2018)????????-???????????????????? Ph.D???? ??? MA ???? ????? BA49.5%63.1%52.5%59.0%?????52.8%56.3%48.5%54.2%OECD????: ????? ???? ?' ????? ??????????, ???? ?????? OECDstat?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? 55-64. ?-2019 ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????????????, ??? ?-OECD, ????? ??????? ???? ??? 25-64 ?-2019 ???? ?? ??? ??????.?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? MA ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? 2 ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? (?? ??"? ????) ???? ??-25%.????? 6.10: ??? ??????? ??? 25-64 ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?-2019 (????? ?????? =100)????: EAG 2020, Tables A4.1, p. 95 ................
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