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A

Abortion, 275

Active obedience, 592, 593

Adiaphora

and Christian freedom, 616

definition, 31

family planning/birth control, 272

Adoptionism, 198, 514

Aeternitas. See Attributes of God: eternity.

Alloeosis, 517

Angel of the Lord, 169, 324

Angels, 319–41

abilities, 335

Angel of the Lord, 169, 324

confirmed in holiness, 330

creation of, 326

evil. See Demons.

fall of, 342

Gabriel, 323

Greek/Hebrew words for, 324

guardian, 339

Michael, 323

number, 329

personal, spiritual beings, 322

ranks, 331

serve God in various ways, 337

serve God's people, 338

testify to Son's deity, 175

visible forms, 333

worship of, 341

Animism, 61

Annulment, 279

Anthropomorphism

applied analogically, 62

causae of God's will, 146

definition, 61

of God's foreknowledge, 98

of God's omniscience, 94

Anthropopathism

applied analogically, 62

definition, 61

of God's repentance, 71

Apollinarius, 504

Archangels. See Angels: ranks.

Arianism, 186, 198

Arminianism

errors

Christ’s work, 608

sin, 428

Articles of faith

definition, 15

groupings, 32

sources to be avoided

experience, 24

individuals or groups, 17

reason, 22

tradition, 18

Ascension of Christ

not a local confinement, 526, 559

to position of authority, 558

Aseitas Dei. See Essence of God.

Athanasian Creed, 201

Atheism, 61

errors

God's cooperation, 240

problem of evil, 103

Atonement, 605

Attributes of God, 63–144

different classifications, 67

immanent, 69–81

eternity, 74–76

immutability, 69–74

love, 76–78

perfection/goodness, 78–81

bliss, 79

majesty, 79, 491

immanent/transitive classification, 69

manifestations of love, 63

not distinct from essence, 64

transitive, 81–144

holiness, 119–27

demanded of men, 119

distinguished from justice, 124

related to truthfulness, 124

justice/righteousness, 127–44

Christ’s imputed righteousness, 137

not annulled by apparent injustice, 131

proclaimed as gospel, 137

proclaimed as law, 127

punishment, 133

love, 108–19

classifications, 109

Greek/Hebrew terms, 112

omnipotence, 139–44

ordinata/absoluta, 143

omnipresence, 81–86

active presence, 81

errors, 84

related attributes, 81

spiritual, 82

omniscience, 86–98

distinguished according to object, 87

scientia of various types, 87

vs. man’s responsibility, 94

wisdom, 98–108

depth of, 102

in salvation, 107

problem of evil, 103

synonyms/antonyms, 98

three spheres of activity, 99

Augsburg Confession

church and state, 296

cooperation of God, 240

demons, 352

essence of God, 162

free will, 154, 246, 445, 484

government (civil), 289

marriage, 271

original sin, 437, 445

sin, 435

theology, 4

two natures in Christ, 510

worship of saints, 622

B

Baier

angels, 327

classification of attributes, 67

confuses church and state, 300

demons, 348, 349

end of life, 317

essence of God, 160

eternity of God, 75

guilt, 451

holiness of God, 124

image of God, 394

immutability of God, 70

independence of God, 124

natural law, 425

original sin, 453

proofs, 46

providence, 221

punishment, 492

sin, 426

two natures in Christ, 513

works of, 15

Baptism

means of grace, 255

miracle of grace, 304

of Christ, 571

Beelzebub, 347

Birth control, 272

Bliss of God. See Attributes of God: immanent.

Body, 65, 359

mutual dependence with soul, 373

bonitas. See Attributes of God: immanent: perfection/goodness.

Brochmand, Jasper

omnipotence, 141

original sin, 447

providence, 220

sin, 429

works of, 14

Burial of Christ, 543

C

Caesaro-papism, 299

Calov

angels, 330, 339

attributes of God, 67

bliss of God, 80

Christianity, 5

classification of attributes, 67

conversion, 488

creation, 209, 211

demons, 348

essence of God, 56

eternity of God, 75

goodness of God, 78, 79

hardening of heart, 473

image of God, 382, 385, 391

majesty of God, 80

miracles, 305

natural knowledge of God, 40

omniscience, 86, 87

providence, 221

religion, 5

right hand of God, 563

righteousness of God, 130

Scripture, 17

simplicity of God, 60

sin, 406

theology, 3, 4

will of God, 146, 159

works of, 15

Calvinism

error

fall into sin, 399

errors

church and state, 299

communication of idioms, 528

genus apotelesmaticum, 532

God and sin, 433

limited atonement, 613

predestination, 90

resurrection of Christ, 557

two natures in Christ (extra Calvinisticum), 513

will of God, 159

Capital punishment, 290

Cessationists, 312

Chance, 318–19

definition, 318

denies God's government, 319

Chastity, 271

Chemnitz

actual sin, 456, 457

angels, 327, 328, 329

cooperation of God, 433

creation, 210

essence of God, 160

free will, 481, 483, 484, 487, 489

Messiah, 570

miracles, 308

natural knowledge of God, 40

original sin, 444

sin, 434

soul, 379

Trinity, 162, 203

works of, 14

Cherubim. See Angels: ranks.

Christ

office of, 565–635

begins with conception, 570

definition, 565

King, 623–35, See King (Christ).

Mediator (reconciliation), 566

Messiah (the Anointed), 569

Priest, 584–623, See Christ (Priest).

Prophet, 572–84, See Christ (Prophet).

Savior (salvation), 568

one person, 505

two natures, 502–9, See Two natures (Christ).

two states, 533–65, See Humiliation and Exaltation.

only affect human nature, 533

Christ (King)

kingdom of glory

Christ the glorious king, 634

revealed on Last Day, 635

kingdom of grace

by gospel, 628

gives gifts, 630

invisible, 631

kingdom of power

for good of church, 628

over all things, 627

the kingdom

exercise of authority, 625

given to Christ, 626

Christ (Priest)

according to human/divine natures, 623

everlasting priesthood, 590

fulfillment of OT types, 584

makes intercession, 590, 619

obedience

active (to the law), 592

passive (to suffering), 593

to Father’s will, 591

vicarious, 593, 595

other names

Lamb of God, 586

Mediator, 585

Redeemer, 586

pronounces benediction, 590

redeems, 598

result of work

atonement, 605

Christian liberty, 614

complete salvation

errors, 613

intensive/extensive, 609

retroactive, 611

errors, 606

objective justification, 614

propitiation/expiation, 603

reconciliation, 605

satisfaction, 602

subjective justification, 615

sacrifice

atones for sins, 587

fulfills OT sacrifices, 587

vicarious/substitionary, 597

willing, 599

vicarious - objections, 599

Christ (Prophet)

attested by

eye witnesses, 573

himself, 573

his activity, 574

miracles, 574

OT prophecy, 572

for the whole world, 576

from birth, 575

message

chiefly gospel, 582

dependent on priestly work, 584

law, 581

purpose – faith/salvation, 583

spoke with authority, 576

today through church, 579

Christian

and government, 293

and theology, 3

God's love for, 111

law as guide, 581

liberty/freedom, 614, 616

love, 134

royal priesthood of, 623

stands in grace, 615

Christian freedom

adiaphora, 616

carefully guard it, 616

established by Christ, 614

matter of faith/hope, 618

not a license, 617

Christian liberty. See Christian freedom.

Christian Science

errors

matter, 373

revelation, 20

sin, 105

Christianity

justification heart of, 601

only saving religion, 5, 578

Church

as kingdom of God, 625

militant, 630

triumphant, 635

Church and State, 292

Chytraeus, David, 14

Circumcision

of Christ, 541, 571

Civil disobedience, 294

clauso utero, 539

Communication of attributes. See Communication of idioms.

Communication of idioms, 514–33

doesn't change either nature, 515

Genus Apotelesmaticum

both natures always participate, 531

definition, 530

errors (Hodge), 531

of utmost importance, 532

official acts summed up in titles, 530

Genus Idiomaticum

definition, 515

illustration – How was God crucified?, 518

Zwingli’s error, 517

Genus Maiestaticum

definition, 518

denial annuls union of natures, 519

divine honor, 527

errors, 528

omnipotence, 521

omnipresence

four modes, 524

right hand of God, 526

sacramental presence, 527

omniscience, 522

Communion

of Christ's two natures, 515, 530

with God, 4, 108, 585

Conception

life begins at, 275

of Christ, 506, 509

Concupiscence, 446

in Roman Catholicism, 447

Concurrence. See Providence.

Confession(s)

natural for a Christian, 24

norma normata, 25

subscription

quatenus, 26

quia, 26

Conscience, 39, 497–501

before/after sin, 499

correct, accurate, 499

definition, 497

doubting, 500

erring, weak, 499

evaluates acts/conditions, 497

evil/guilty

testifies to deserved punishment, 498

testifies to guilt, 498

testifies to inability to atone, 498

good/clean

testifies to peace with God, 498

through faith, 498

probable, 500

Conversion

ascribed to Holy Spirit, 487

man cannot cooperate in, 486

miracle of grace, 304

not a work of man, 149

Pelagianism, 489

produced by gospel, 493

purpose of gospel, 583

Semipelagianism, 489

Synergism, 489

Cooperation. See Will: of God; also Providence.

Corpus doctrinae

definition of, 11

opponents of, 11

Scripture source of, 12

Cosmological argument, 44

Council of Chalcedon, 511

Creatio

continua, 232

prima, 214

secunda, 214

Creation, 205–20

ascribed especially to Father, 194, 206

cooperation of Holy Spirit, 184, 206

cooperation of Son, 179, 206

doesn’t change God, 59, 71

God's love of, 109

of angels, 326

of man, 358

only one, 213

out of nothing, 208

perfect, 218

reveals God's majesty and goodness, 38

six days, 211

objections, 215

stages

prima, 214

secunda, 214

wisdom of God, 99

word of God, 209

בָּרַא, 208

Creationism, 376

D

Dannhauer, Konrad

sin against the Holy Spirit, 477

works of, 14

Death. See also End of life.

in marriage, 277

of Christ, 542

result of sin, 386

Decrees of God

eternal, 76

immutable, 70

in providence, 222

Deism

errors

God's cooperation, 240

omnipresence, 85

providence, 232

Trinity, 199

Demiurge, 47

Demons, 341–58

activity, 352

confirmed in sin, 348

defeated by Christ, 356

fall of angels, 342

forms of the occult, 357

Greek/Hebrew terms, 344

hell, 348

not included in Christ's saving work, 611

number, 343

possession, 353

powerful, 349

Satan. See Satan.

testify to Son's deity, 175

Descent into hell

errors, 548

purpose, 548

time, 547

Desire. See Concupiscence.

Determinatio, 253

Determinism. See Fatalism.

Deus absconditus, 35

Devil. See Satan.

Dichotomy, 360, 372

Directio, 251

Divorce, 277

regulated by government, 289

Doctrine

Christian, 11

church conventions, 18

corpus/body of. See Corpus doctrinae.

secondary source - Book of Concord, 24

sources to be avoided, 17

experience, 24

reason, 22

Dogmatics, 8–16, 24

as a system, 28

branch of theology, 1

loose sense of term, 11

Lutheran

history of, 15

manners of presentation, 13

Scripture source of, 12, 15

sources to be avoided, 17

Donum superadditum, 392, 440

Dualism

definition, 60

errors

creation, 210

image of God, 391

problem of evil, 104

Dynamic Monarchianism,, 198

E

Earth. See World.

Eastern Orthodoxy

errors

image of God, 388, 392

levels of worship, 529

marriage, 255

mystic, 607

Egalitarian view. See Marriage.

Emotions

love as, 112

sinful, 455

soul seat of, 65, 362

End of life, 315–18

determined by God, 315

natural causes, 316

stewardship of life, 317

Engagement, 260

Essence of God, 48–63

absolutely Independent Being, 56

aseitas, 56

independence, 74

infinite, 57

love, 76

personality, 61, 74

simplicity, 59

unity (oneness), 59, 65

Eternal life, 40

Eternity. See also Attributes of God: immanent.

Eutychianism, 511

Evangelicals

errors

Christ’s resurrection, 557

concupiscence, 447

creation, 212

image of God, 389

marriage, 256

Evolution

denies creation, 211, 375

denies sin, 429

of religion, 61

theistic, 232, 241

Exaltation, 544–65

as a gift, 545

assumes full use of divine majesty, 544

continues forever, 546

hypostatic union, 544

phases

ascension, 558

descent into hell, 547, See also Descent into hell.

resurrection, 550, See also Resurrection of Christ.

return to judgment, 564

sitting at the right hand, 560, See also Right hand of God.

Exclusivism, 578

Exegesis, 1

in creation account, 212

Exegetical questions

definition, 31

Exinanition. See Humiliation.

Existence

of God

assumed by Scripture, 32

atheism denies, 103, 240

conscience testifies to, 39

proofs, 42

of the world, 71, 207

Experience, 24

Expiation, 603

Extra Calvinisticum, 513

F

Faith, 23

Christian. See Christianity.

created and strengthened by God's revelation, 37

gift of God, 37

goal of preaching, 583

receives revelation of God, 36

receiving organ (ὄργανον ληπτικόν), 37, 609

Faithfulness

in marriage, 257

of God, 137

Fall into sin, 395–406

beyond our comprehension, 400

consequences, 386

freedom of choice, 398

historicity of, 401, 402

man's essence not changed, 391

no inherent weakness in man, 400

not decreed by God, 399

the temptation analyzed, 397

unbelief severs relationship, 398

Family. See Marriage.

Family planning. See Marriage.

Fatalism

problem of evil, 104, 240

Father (God)

begetting, 190

Christ’s resurrection attributed to, 550

creation and preservation, 195

providence, 224

relation to other persons, 77

spirare (breathing out), 190

work of creation, 205

Fellowship (church), 31

Filioque, 192

Flacius, Matthias Illyricus, 441

Flesh

man as dominated by sin, 421

uses in Scripture, 419

Foreknowledge of God, 93, 221

vs. man's responsibility, 94, 222

Formula of Concord

active obedience, 592

articles of faith, 16

ascension of Christ, 560

Christ as Mediator, 567

church and state, 297

communication of attributes, 518, 519, 520, 530

confessional subscription, 26, 27

conversion, 488

descent into hell, 549

discipline, 494

exaltation, 545

foreknowledge of God, 95, 97, 223, 240, 254

free will, 155, 247, 488, 490

genus apotelesmaticum, 532

government (civil), 289, 290

hardening of heart, 474

humiliation, 536

image of God, 391, 392

omnipresence, 84

omnipresence of Christ, 524

original sin, 437, 440, 441, 442, 445, 452

reason, 23

right hand of God, 527, 562, 564

Scripture, 25

sin, 435

soul, 378

two natures in Christ, 505, 510, 532

Free will. See Will of man.

Free will theism, 94

Freedom. See Christian freedom; also Will of man.

Friedlieb, Ph. H., 14

G

Generare, 190

Genus Apotelesmaticum. See Communication of idioms.

Genus idiomaticum.. See Communication of idioms.

Genus Maiestaticum. See Communication of idioms.

Gerhard

active obedience, 594

angels, 336

attributes of God, 67

bliss of God, 80

classification of attributes, 67

creation, 220

deism, 86

engagement, 261

essence of God, 56, 58, 78, 160

essence of man, 379

foreknowledge, 94, 96

free will, 154, 485, 486

goodness of God, 79

guilt, 451

image of God, 384, 387, 393

immanent love of God, 77, 78

independence of God, 146

justice of God, 130

marriage, 283

Messiah, 570

miracles, 308

omnipotence, 141, 142

omnipresence, 83

oneness of God, 59

opera ad extra, 195

original sin, 447

permissio, 249

proofs, 46

prophecy, 310, 311

providence, 227, 232

resurrection of Christ, 554

right hand of God, 561

simplicity of God, 59

sin, 459

sin against the Holy Spirit, 477

soul, 361, 379

theology, 4

threefold office of Christ, 572

Trinity, 168, 189, 201

two natures in Christ, 505, 513

will of God, 71, 155, 157, 158

works of, 14

Glory of God. See Attributes of God: immanent: majesty.

Gnosticism

errors

humanity of Christ, 503

oneness of God, 60

God

attributes, 69–81, See Attributes of God.

essence, 48–63, See Essence of God.

names, 50–56

אֶלוֹהִים, 52

יהוה, 50

אֵל, 53

אֲדֹנַי, 52

Goodness. See Attributes of God: immanent.

Gospel

chief message of Christ, 582

rejection of, 583

Government

civil, 287–300

capital punishment, 290

Christian attitude towards, 293

church benefits from, 295

church/state, 292

divine institution, 287

protection, 290

role, 288

taxes, 289

war, 290

God's. See Providence.

Grace

definition, 117

irresistible, 149

state of, 615

Guilt, 448–55

conscience testifies to, 497

definition, 410

Greek/Hebrew terms, 448

hereditary, 453

imputed sin, 448

incurs punishment, 411

infinite, 451

merits punishment, 491

sinner accountable to God, 448

H

Hafenreffer, Matthias

creation, 214

providence, 221

Trinity, 188, 201

works of, 14

Happiness, 49, 108

Hardening of heart

as warning for Christians, 474

by unbelievers, 469

Greek/Hebrew terms, 465

judgment of God, 472

process, 469

sin, 465

Heart, 369

hardening of. See Hardening of heart.

Heaven

Christ's ascent into, 526, 559

creation of, 216

man excluded from by nature, 452

saints in, 622

see God face to face, 36

Heerbrand, Jakob

free will, 483, 485

providence, 221

works of, 14

Hell

Christ's descent into, 547

place of punishment for Satan, 348

Henotheism, 61

Hermeneutics, 1

deductive and inductive conclusions, 24

Hexameron, 211

Hidden God. See Deus absconditus.

Historical argument, 43

Hodge, Charles, 531

Hoenecke, Adolf

communication of attributes, 521

dogmatics, 15

humiliation, 536

propitiation, 604

reconciliation, 605

religion, 4

theology, 4

two natures in Christ, 509

will of God, 157

Holiness of God. See Attributes of God: transitive.

Hollaz

active obedience, 593

angels, 322, 323, 329, 330, 331, 336

ascension, 559

attributes of God, 57, 66

communication of attributes, 532

confuses church and state, 299

cooperation of God, 238

creation, 206, 207, 210

demons, 343, 348, 351, 352

essence of God, 57

essence of man, 373

fall into sin, 396

guilt, 450

image of God, 384, 392

natural knowledge of God, 41

omnipotence, 142

permissio, 249, 250

punishment, 492

sin, 406, 427, 447

soul, 360

spiration, 191, 193, 194

Trinity, 196

two natures in Christ, 510

venial/mortal sin, 463

works of, 15

Holy Spirit

Christ conceived by, 506

conversion, 487

divine attributes, 183

divine honor, 186

divine names, 183

divine works, 184

divinity of, 181

false teachings, 186

personality of, 181

proceeding, 192

providence, 224

relation to other persons, 78

Homiletics, 1

Homosexuality, 281

Hulsemann, Johann

works of, 14

Humilation

concealment, 536

Humiliation, 533–44

concealment, 536

error

Kenoticism, 536

gives up full use of divine attr., 534

hypostatic union, 534

limited knowledge, 535

not equal to incarnation, 534

phases, 542

birth, 537

burial, 543

circumcision, 541

conception, 537

suffering, 542

retains divine attributes, 536

secret use of divine attr., 536

under law, 535, 541

Hunnius, Nikolaus

two natures in Christ, 519

works of, 14

Hutter, Leonhard

cooperation of God, 237

government (civil), 299

works of, 14

Hypostatic union, 534, 544

I

Idealism, 373

Idolatry, 33, 528

Image of God, 379–95

attribute, not essence, of man, 390

capable of development, 394

Christ the essential, 381

destroyed through sin, 380

Hebrew terms, 383

intellect, emotion, will, 385

man created in, 379, 393

not external gift, 392

propagation of, 394

purpose, 387

renewed by Holy Spirit, 380

restoration in Christians, 382

restored through Christ, 380

results of fall, 386

Immanent attributes. See Attributes of God: immanent.

Immutability. See Attributes of God: immanent.

Impeditio, 250

Imprecatory Psalms, 134

Incarnation, 506, 507, 509

not the humiliation, 534, 537

Inclusivism, 42, 578

Independent. See Essence of God.

Infinite. See Essence of God.

Intellect

of God, 146

of man

originally conformed to God's, 385

soul seat of, 65

Irenaeus, 518

Irresistible grace. See Grace: irresistible

Isagogics, 1

Islam

errors

church and state, 298

revelation, 20

Trinity, 199

Iustitia. See Attributes of God: transitive: justice/righteousness.

J

Jehovah’s Witnesses

errors

Christ’s resurrection, 557

Trinity, 199

Jerome, 540

Jesuits, 89

Jesus. See Christ; also Son of God.

John the Baptist

testifies to Son's deity, 174

Judaism

errors

Trinity, 199

Judgment

angels accompany Christ, 340

divine work of the Son, 177

final act of Christ as Savior, 565

kingly function of Christ, 634

Justice of God. See also Attributes of God: transitive.

love

not incompatible with, 119

reflected in human rulers, 130

satisfied by Christ, 491

satisfied by punishment, 495

Justification

declared by resurrection, 553

imputed righteousness, 137

objective, 614

restores image of God, 380, 617

subjective, 615

work of Christ, 491

K

Kenoticism, 536

Kindness of God, 114

King. See Christ (King).

Kingdom of God, 625

Knowledge

God's. See Attributes of God: transitive: omniscience.

natural. See Natural knowledge of God.

revealed, 40

synonym for wisdom, 99

Koenig, J. Friedrich, 15

L

Lamb of God, 586

Latter Day Saints

errors

oneness of God, 200

revelation, 20

Law

Christ Lord of, 593

Christ obedient to, 592

given through angels, 337

preached by Christ, 581

standard of holiness, 124

Laws of nature, 150

established by God, 231

God is independent from, 58

God works through, 157

humanity subject to, 481

in preservation, 230

miracles, 303

reflect God's justice, 130

Liberalism, 199, 447

Liberation theology

errors

church and state, 298

Liberty. See Will of man; also Christian freedom.

Life

begins at conception, 275

end of. See End of life.

eternal, 40

God gives to man, 359

God is, 48

Light

God is, 49

Limbo, 496

Logic

God independent from, 58

in hermeneutics, 24

Logos, 504, 505, 575

ἄσαρκος, 509

ἔνσαρκος, 509

Lord’s Supper

miracle of grace, 304

Love

Christian, 63, 108, 134

God is, 49, 63

God's. See also Attributes of God.

Bible describes, 64

immanent (internal), 77

Greek/Hebrew words, 112

in marriage, 257

self-love, 77

supreme manifestation is Christ's sacrifice, 63

Lucifer, 348

Luther

church and state, 300

conscience, 501

creation, 211

deism, 85

essence of God, 57

free will, 488

government (civil), 295

hidden God, 35

image of God, 393

imprecatory prayer, 136

marriage, 256, 257

miracles, 308

natural knowledge of God, 41

omnipresence, 83

preservation, 232

roles of men and women, 264

sacramental presence, 528

theologian, 3

two natures in Christ, 511, 532

M

Magic, 357

Majesty of God. See Attributes of God: immanent.

Man

consists of body and soul, 358

body, 359, See Body.

soul, 360, See Soul.

creation of, 358

dichotomy, 360

God's love for, 110

heart, 369

oneness, 374

preservation. See Providence.

propagation, 375

providence, 225

soul/spirit

differences, 368

similarities, 367

uses in scriputre, 361

spirit, 360, 364, See Spirit (man)

trichotomy, 360

will. See Will of man.

Mankind. See Man

Marriage, 254–87

annulment, 279

basic unit for society, 279

believer/unbeliever, 256

blessings, 270

children, 271

companionship, 270

sexual happiness, 270

commitment, 257

divorce, 277

engagement, 260

family life, 284

family planning, 272

instituted by God, 254

lifelong union, 255, 276

love, 257

not a sacrament, 255

polygamy, 280

public consent, 257

roles, 263

complement each other, 269

egalitarian view, 269

husband, 266

wife, 268

sexual union, 272

single state, 285

Materialism

definition, 60

denies soul, 373

Mediator (Christ), 566, 585

Meisner, Balthasar

conversion, 488

image of God, 385, 393

omnipresence, 84

original sin, 440, 441

sin against the Holy Spirit, 477

works of, 14

Melanchthon, Philip

conversion, 490

soul, 376

works of, 14

Mercy of God, 114, 147

Messiah, 569

Millennialism, 632

Mind

of God, 146

Miracles, 300–308

definition, 303

Greek/Hebrew terms, 300

natural/of grace, 304

performed by God alone, 304

purpose, 307

Modalistic Monarchianism, 189, 198

Monism, 60

Monophysitism, 511

Monotheism, 60, 61

Monothelitism, 504, 511

Moral argument, 46

Mormonism. See Latter Day Saints.

Musaeus, Johann

theology, 4

works of, 15

Muslims. See Islam.

Mysticism, 607

N

Names of God. See God: names.

Natural knowledge of God

cannot save, 40

forms false religions, 578

from conscience, 39

from creation, 38

from preservation, 38

Natural law, 39, 281, 293

Nature

of God. See Essence of God and Trinity.

reveals God's majesty and goodness, 38

synonym for essence, 161

Nestorianism, 510, 514, 527, 528, 531

Non posse peccare, 395

Norma normans, 25

Norma normata, 25

O

Obduracy. See Hardening of heart.

Objective justification, 614

Occult, 357

Omnipotence. See Attributes of God: transitive.

in providence, 147

of Christ, 179, 520

Omnipresence. See Attributes of God: transitive.

of Christ, 520, 524

Omniscience. See Attributes of God: transitive.

of Christ, 179, 520, 522

Oneness of God. See Essence of God.

Ontological argument, 43

Open question

angels (day of creation), 329

cessation of prophecy, 313

definition, 31

Openness theism, 94

Opera ad extra, 194, 195

Opera ad intra, 190, 194

Opinio legis, 46

Optimism

problem of evil, 105

Origen, 375

Original sin, 436–48

concupiscence, 446

described negatively/positively, 444

human nature corrupt, sinful, 437

imputation of

denied by man, 453

direct, 452

indirect, 452

in Christians, 443

incurs guilt, 448

not part of essence, 441

only scripture teaches, 436

opposed by

Pelagianism, Semipelagianism, Synergism, 438

thorough corruption, 440

transmitted by propagation, 441

universal, 439

Osiander, Andreas, 607

P

Pantheism

definition, 60

errors

creation, 210

omnipresence, 84

providence, 232

sin, 429

in evolution of religion, 61

Papacy

antichrist, 633

authority over Scripture, 17

Paraclete, 621

Passion of Christ, 542

Passive obedience, 593

Patripassianism, 198

Pelagianism

errors

free will, 489

original sin, 438

will of God, 157

Pentecostals

errors

person of Christ, 198

Perfection. See Attributes of God: immanent.

Perfections of God, 69, See also Attributes of God.

Permissio, 248

Person. See Trinity.

Personal. See Essence of God: personality.

Pessimism

problem of evil, 104

Photinians, 557

Pieper, August

imprecatory prayer, 136

Pieper, Franz

active obedience, 594

ascension of Christ, 560

humiliation, 536

image of God, 381

immutability, 71

omniscience, 92

religion, 4

temptation of Christ, 508

theology, 4

two natures in Christ, 509, 511

will of God, 157

Pietism, 15

Pluralism, 42, 578

Polygamy, 279

Polytheism, 60, 61

Posse non peccare, 395

Postmodernism

sin, 431

Power of God. See Attributes of God: transitive: omnipotence.

ordinata/absoluta, 143

Prayer, 313–15

according to God's will, 314

and foreknowledge, 315

God hears and answers, 313

influence, 314

to saints, 622

Preaching, 292, 479, 549, 583

Preexistentism, 375

Presence

of Christ (four modes), 524

Presence of God. See also Omnipresence.

mystic union, 84

special, 84

three kinds of, 81

Preservation. See also Providence.

act of providence, 227

reveals God's majesty and goodness, 38

Priest. See Christ (Priest).

Problem of evil, 103, 104

Procedere, 192

Process theology, 73

opposes God's eternity, 75

Proofs of God's existence

cosmological argument, 44

historical argument, 43

moral argument, 46

ontological argument, 43

teleological argument, 45

Prophecy, 309–13

cessationist view, 312

conditional, 73

culminates in Christ, 311

foretelling, 309

fulfilled in stages, 74

Messianic, 174

must be fulfilled, 310

prophets, 309

Prophet. See Christ (Prophet).

Propitiation, 603

Providence, 100, 220–54

chance. See Chance.

cooperation/concurrence, 233

in sinful acts, 238

joint actions, 235

secondary causes, 233

definition, 221

distinguished according to object, 224

end of life. See End of life.

government (civil). See Government: civil.

government (God), 241

and man’s freedom, 245

goodness/wisdom, 244

in sinful actions

directs, 251

impedes, 250

limits, 253

not the cause, 254

permits, 248

of individuals, 244

of nations, 243

of world, 242

marriage/family. See Marriage.

miracles. See Miracles.

opus ad extra, 223

prayer. See Prayer.

preservation, 227

by natural means, 230

of individual, 228

of world, 227

propagation of man, 375

prophecies. See Prophecy.

Punishment, 491–97

capital, 290

Christ bore ours, 491

classifications

loss/feeling, 496

natural/imposed, 133

temporal/eternal, 496

compensation for sin/guilt, 491, 495

errors, 496

not remedial/corrective, 492

of impenitent, 494

of sin, 448

satisfies God's justice, 491, 495

Q

Quakers. See Society of Friends

Quatenus, 25

Quenstedt

active obedience, 593, 594

actual sin, 457

angels, 321, 322, 327, 331, 336

articles of faith, 29

ascension of Christ, 560

attributes of God, 65, 66

Christ (Mediator), 567

Christ (Priest), 620

Christ under law, 541

communication of attributes, 515, 520

conscience, 500

cooperation of God, 235, 240

creation, 208

demons, 342, 349, 354, 355

determinatio, 253

essence of God, 57

eternity of God, 75

fall into sin, 396, 400

free will, 481, 482, 483, 485, 487

generare, 190

hardening of heart, 472, 473

holiness of God, 121

image of God, 391

immanent/transitive attributes, 69

immutability of God, 70

independence of God, 57

love (God's), 109, 112

miracles, 304

natural knowledge of God, 40, 41

omnipresence, 82

oneness of God, 59

opera ad extra, 195

opera ad intra, 195

original sin, 447, 453

OT sacrifices, 588

passive obedience, 593, 595

permissio, 249

permission, 250

preservation, 232

providence, 222, 225, 243

punishment, 491

religion, 5

resurrection of Christ, 551

right hand of God, 562

righteousness of God, 130

roles of men and women, 269

sin, 398, 429, 434, 435, 458, 459, 460, 461

sin against the Holy Spirit, 477

soul, 378

spirit (man), 361

theology, 3

Trinity, 166, 189, 196

two natures in Christ, 528

universal atonement, 611

works of, 15

Quia, 25

R

Rationalism

and Lutheranism, 15

errors

hell, 497

sin, 430

Reason

deductive and inductive conclusions, 24

illumined, 23

natural, 22

not a standard of doctrine, 22

Reconciliation, 566, 605

Redeemer, 586, See Christ (Priest).

Redemption, 598

ascribed especially to Son, 194

served by exaltation, 546

Reformed. See Calvinism

Religion, 4–8

Christian, 5

only saving, 578

definition of, 4

evolution of, 61

false, 578

fruit of theology, 4

Pieper/Hoenecke, 4

synonyms (Greek), 6

Repentance

of God, 71

of man, 278, 432, 479

Resurrection of Christ

attributed to Christ, 550

attributed to the Father, 550

beginning of exaltation, 546

certainty of, 552

declaration of justification, 553

errors

Calvinism, 557

denial of, 555

Photinians, 557

forty days after, 554

same body, glorified, 551

time, 551

Resurrection of the dead

divine work of Son, 177, 180

kingly function of Christ, 634

Revelation of God, 32–47

conscience, 39

creates and strengthens faith, 37

in Scripture, 32

nature, 38

objective/subjective, 38

sufficient for salvation, 35

through Jesus Christ, 36

Right hand of God, 526

Christ sitting at

applies to human nature, 562

comfort for the church, 563

final stage of exaltation, 564

ruling with power, 561

position of power, 560

Righteousness

civic, 42, 483

image of God, 391

of God. See Attributes of God: transitve.

demands satisfied by Christ, 602

of man

absence of (original sin), 444

original, 386

result of Christ’s work, 609

Roles of men and women

affected by fall, 264

egalitarian view, 269

established at creation, 262

head/submission, 263

mutual submission, 265

Roman Catholicism

errors

adoration of the host, 528

birth control, 272

church and state, 298

concupiscence, 447

image of God, 388, 392

levels of worship, 529

limbo, 496

marriage, 255

sin, 428

venial/mortal sin, 464

Virgin Mary, 442

Royal priesthood, 623

S

Sacramental presence, 527

Sacrifice

of Christ, 63, 380, 432, 478, 587, 597, 620, 623

Old Testament, 588

Saints

prayer to, 622

rule in heaven, 632

veneration of, 529

Salvation

complete in every respect, 609

error - limited in purpose, 613

goal of preaching, 583

God as author, 202

God's wisdom in, 101

knowledge necessary for, 50

purpose of theology, 3

work of Christ, 568

Sanctification

God's wisdom in, 102

image of God being renewed, 380

produced by gospel, 493

work of Holy Spirit, 194

Sapientia. See Attributes of God: transitive: wisdom.

Satan

defeated by Christ, 357

kingdom of, 351

other names, 346

powerful, 354

Satanism, 357

Satisfaction, 602

Savior, 570

Schaller, John

conception of Christ, 506

cooperation of God, 151

hidden God, 35

humiliation, 536

marriage, 259

two natures in Christ, 543

Schertzer, Joh. Ad.

humiliation, 534

omnipotence, 142

works of, 15

Scientia. See Attributes of God: transitive: omniscience.

Scripture

authority of, 10

defines articles of faith, 15

God's revelation of himself, 32

norma normans, 25

sufficient for salvation, 35

teaches Trinity, 202

truth, 15

Semipelagianism, 489

Semipelagianism, 438

Seraphim. See Angels: ranks.

Sex. See Marriage.

Simplicitas. See Essence of God: simplicity.

Sin

actual, 436, 455–65

voluntary/involuntary, 458

against natural law, 425

all acts of unregenerate, 457

bible word study, 407–22, See Sin (word study)

Calvinism makes God author of, 433

causes

man, 434

not God, 431

Satan, 434

commission/omission, 465

condition/action, 406, 427

definition, 149, 406

elements of (sequence), 422

enmity against God, 134, 424

existence denied by, 429

guilt. See Guilt.

imputation of, 450

incurs guilt, 406

man responsible for, 150

negative/positive concept, 406

obduracy. See Hardening of heart.

of ignorance, 458

of weakness, 459

original. See Original sin

summary, 422

universal, 429

venial/mortal, 462

vs. Holy Spirit. See Sin against the Holy Spirit.

Sin (word study)

New Testament

disobedience - παρακοή, 417

evil, malice - κακία, 418

lawlessness - ἀνομία, 416

missing the mark - ἁμαρτία, 415

sinful acts - ἁμαάρτημα, 416

sinful flesh - σάρξ, 419

transgression - παράβασις, 417

trespass - παράπτωμα, 417

unrighteousness - ἀδικία, 416

wandering - πλάνη, 418

wickedness - πονηρία, 418

Old Testament

crosses boundary - עֶבְרָה, 413

evil/enmity - רַע, 413

folly - נְבָלָה, 412

guilt -

עוֹן, 410

אָשָׁם, 411

iniquity - אָוֶן, 413

injustice - עָוָל, 413

miss target - חטא, 407

rebellion - פֶשַׂע, 409

sinful flesh - בָּשָׂר, 419

turning aside - סָרָה, 411

unfaithfulness - מַעַל, 412

wandering - שְׁגָגָה, 412

wickedness - רֶשַׁע, 414

Sin against the Holy Spirit

definition, 475

unforgivable, 478

warning for Christians, 479

Sin offering, 588

Sinful nature. See Original sin.

Smalcald Articles

angels, 341

articles of faith, 16

church and state, 291

cooperation of God, 254

divorce, 289

fall into sin, 401

papacy, 633

revelation, 22

Virgin Mary, 539

voluntary sin, 462

Society of Friends

errors

revelation, 20

Son of God. See also Christ.

begotten, 193, 506

deity attested by, 174–81

apostles, 178

divine attributes, 176

divine honor, 178

divine names, 178

divine works, 177

Father, 175

Jesus himself, 176

incarnation, 506

providence, 224

relation to other persons, 78

resurrection attributed to, 550

spirare (breathing out), 191

Soul, 65

created by God, 360

mutual dependence with body, 373

propagation of, 375

creationism, 376

preexistentism, 375

traducianism, 377

relation to spirit, 361, 367, 368

seat of emotion, affections, intelligence, 367

נֶפֶשׁ /ψυχή - uses in scripture, 361

Spirare, 190

Spirit (man)

relation to soul, 361, 367, 368

seat of emotion, affections, intelligence, 367

trichotymy, 360

רוּחַ / πνεῦμα - uses in Scripture, 364

Subjective justification, 615

Submission. See Roles of men and women.

Substantia, 160

Suffering

of Christ, 542

of Christians, 294

of God (immutability), 72

result of fall into sin, 386

Summum Bonum, 124, 134, 155

Super-veneration, 529

Symbolics, 1

Synergism, 89, 438, 489

T

Taxes, 289

Teachers, 8

false, 9

Teleological argument, 45

Temptation

of Adam and Eve, 397

of Adam/Eve, 395

of Christ, 356, 507

of Christians, 432

Terminus vitae. See End of life.

Theologian, 4, 8

Theology, 1–4, 32–204

aim of, 1

definition of, 1

divisions of, 1

habitus practicus, 2

purpose of, 3

Time

creation of, 72

God independent of, 57

Time of grace, 74

Tradition

in Eastern Orthodoxy, 19

in Roman Catholicism, 18

Traducianism, 377

Transitive attributes. See Attributes of God: transitive.

Trichotomy, 360

Trinity, 160–204

analogies, 201

angel of the Lord, 169

beyond comprehension, 197, 202

errors

deny Trinity, 198

deny Unity, 200

God referred to in plural, 168

immanent love, 77

mutual permeation, 197

New Testament evidence, 164

Old Testament evidence, 166

one essence, 160

opera ad extra, 194

opera ad intra, 190

three persons, 162

distinct, 187

equal, 187

errors, 188

Father. See Father (God).

Holy Spirit. See Holy Spirit.

order, 195

relationship, 186

Son. See Son of God

Truthfulness of God, 125

Two natures (Christ)

communication of idioms, 514–33, See Communication of idioms

true God. See Son of God.

true man, 502

errors, 503

human soul, volition, 503

without sin, 507

twofold generation, 506

union of, 509–14

communication, 511

divine assumes human, 509

errors, 510

personal propositions, 513

real, reciprocal, personal, 509

U

Understanding

God's, displayed in nature, 66

heart seat of, 371

synonym for wisdom, 99

Unio Mystica, 84

Union

hypostatic, 534, 544

in marriage, 255

mystic, 84

of two natures in Christ. See Two natures (Christ).

with God, 4

Unitarianism, 198

unitas Dei. See Essence of God: unity/oneness.

Unity of God. See also Trinity., See Essence of God.

Universalism, 42

V

Vatican II

religion, 6

Veneration, 529

Virgin Mary, 442

Christ born of, 506

Clauso utero, 539

perpetual virginity, 539

Volition, 65

Voluntas. See Will of God; also Will of man.

W

Walther, C.F.W.

dogmatics, 15

marriage, 258

Word of God, 47

Wicca, 357

Will of God, 144–60

absolutely free, 146, 480

and human freedom, 151

causae, 146

cooperation in sinful acts, 151

definition, 144

distinctions made by dogmaticians, 155

in preservation, 229

independent of succession of events, 74

laws of nature, 150

nothing takes place without, 233

one with intellect, 146

reflected in commands, promises, 148

undivided, 155

Will of man

by nature is not free, 480

cannot cooperate in conversion, 486

errors

Pelagianism, 489

Semipelagianism, 489

Synergism, 489

freedom from necessity/coercion, 480

freedom in externals, 245, 483

freedom in sinful matters, 484

God cooperates in actions produced by, 237

no freedom in spiritual matters, 485

Wisdom

God source of, 49

of angels, 335

of God. See Attributes of God: transitive.

and God’s will, 144

in providence, 245

Witchcraft, 357

Word. See Logos.

Word of God. See Scripture.

Work-righteousness, 578

World. See also Creation.

home of man, 218

Worship, 529

Z

Zoroastrianism, 60

Zwingli

errors

two natures in Christ, 517

Greek Terms

Α

ἀγάπη, 112

ἄγγελος, 324

ἅγιοι, 325

ἀδικία, 416

ἁμάρτημα, 416

ἁμαρτία, 415

ἀμνός, 586

ἀνομία, 416

ἀποτελέσματα, 530

ἀρνίον, 586

ἄσαρκος, 509

αὐχηματικόν, 518

Β

Γ

γέννητος, 193

Δ

δαιμόνιον, 344

δύναμις, 302

Ε

ἔλεος, 114

ἐνεργετικῶς, 179

ἔνσαρκος, 509

ἔργα, 303

Ζ

Η

Θ

θαυμάσιον, 300

θεοτόκος, 510

Ι

ἰδιωματικῶς, 179

Ἰησοῦς, 568

Κ

κακία, 418

καρδία, 369

ὁ κατήγωρ, 346

κεφαλή, 270

κηρύσσω, 549

Λ

λατρευτικῶς, 180

Λόγος, 575, See Logos; also Christ.

Μ

μονογενής, 193

μορφὴ δούλου, 536

Ν

Ξ

Ο

ὁμοιούσιος, 187

ὁμοούσιος, 187

ὀνοματικῶς, 178

ὄργανον ληπτικόν, See Faith

οὐσία, 161

Π

παντοκράτωρ, 141

παράβασις, 417

παρακοή, 417

παράπτωμα, 417

πάσχα, 586

ὁ πειράζων, 345

πλάνη, 418

πνεῦμα, 364

πονηρία, 418

πορνεία, 277

πρόσωπον, 162

πρωτότοκος, 193

Ρ

Σ

σάρξ, 419

σατανᾶς, 345

σημεῖον, 302

σωτηρία, 568

σωτήρ, 568

Τ

τέρας, 301

Υ

ὑπόστασις, 162

ὑποτάσσω, 266

Φ

φιλέω, 113

φύσις, 161

Χ

χάρις, 117

Ψ

ψυχή, 361

Ω

Hebrew Terms

א

אדֹנָי . See God: names.

אָוֶן , 413

אוֹת , 302

אֵל . See God: names.

אֱלוֹהִים. See God: names.

אֱלֹהִים , 169

אָשָׁם , 411

ב

בָּרָא , 208

בָּשָׂר , 419

ג

גֹאֵל , 586

גְּבוּרָה , 302

ד

דְּמוּת , 384

ה

ו

ז

ח

חֶסֶד, 116

חטא, 407

ט

י

יהוה. See God: names.

יהוה צבאות, 141

כ

ל

לֵב / לֵבָב, 369

מ

מוֹפֵת, 301

מַלְאָךְ, 324

מעַל∍, 412

נ

נְבָלָה, 412

נחם. See Repentance: of God.

נִפְלְאוֹת, 300

נֶפֶשׁ, 361

ס

סָרָה, 411

ע

עֶבְרָה, 413

עָוָל, 413

עָוֹן, 410

עֲלִילָה, 303

פ

פֶשַׁע, 409

צ

צְבָאוֹת, 326

צֶלֶם, 383

ק

קְדֹשִׁים, 325

ר

רוּחַ, 364

רַע, 413

רֶשַׁע, 414

שׁ

שְׁגָגָה, 412

שׂ

שׂטָן, 345

ת

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