Www.wls.wels.net
A
Abortion, 275
Active obedience, 592, 593
Adiaphora
and Christian freedom, 616
definition, 31
family planning/birth control, 272
Adoptionism, 198, 514
Aeternitas. See Attributes of God: eternity.
Alloeosis, 517
Angel of the Lord, 169, 324
Angels, 319–41
abilities, 335
Angel of the Lord, 169, 324
confirmed in holiness, 330
creation of, 326
evil. See Demons.
fall of, 342
Gabriel, 323
Greek/Hebrew words for, 324
guardian, 339
Michael, 323
number, 329
personal, spiritual beings, 322
ranks, 331
serve God in various ways, 337
serve God's people, 338
testify to Son's deity, 175
visible forms, 333
worship of, 341
Animism, 61
Annulment, 279
Anthropomorphism
applied analogically, 62
causae of God's will, 146
definition, 61
of God's foreknowledge, 98
of God's omniscience, 94
Anthropopathism
applied analogically, 62
definition, 61
of God's repentance, 71
Apollinarius, 504
Archangels. See Angels: ranks.
Arianism, 186, 198
Arminianism
errors
Christ’s work, 608
sin, 428
Articles of faith
definition, 15
groupings, 32
sources to be avoided
experience, 24
individuals or groups, 17
reason, 22
tradition, 18
Ascension of Christ
not a local confinement, 526, 559
to position of authority, 558
Aseitas Dei. See Essence of God.
Athanasian Creed, 201
Atheism, 61
errors
God's cooperation, 240
problem of evil, 103
Atonement, 605
Attributes of God, 63–144
different classifications, 67
immanent, 69–81
eternity, 74–76
immutability, 69–74
love, 76–78
perfection/goodness, 78–81
bliss, 79
majesty, 79, 491
immanent/transitive classification, 69
manifestations of love, 63
not distinct from essence, 64
transitive, 81–144
holiness, 119–27
demanded of men, 119
distinguished from justice, 124
related to truthfulness, 124
justice/righteousness, 127–44
Christ’s imputed righteousness, 137
not annulled by apparent injustice, 131
proclaimed as gospel, 137
proclaimed as law, 127
punishment, 133
love, 108–19
classifications, 109
Greek/Hebrew terms, 112
omnipotence, 139–44
ordinata/absoluta, 143
omnipresence, 81–86
active presence, 81
errors, 84
related attributes, 81
spiritual, 82
omniscience, 86–98
distinguished according to object, 87
scientia of various types, 87
vs. man’s responsibility, 94
wisdom, 98–108
depth of, 102
in salvation, 107
problem of evil, 103
synonyms/antonyms, 98
three spheres of activity, 99
Augsburg Confession
church and state, 296
cooperation of God, 240
demons, 352
essence of God, 162
free will, 154, 246, 445, 484
government (civil), 289
marriage, 271
original sin, 437, 445
sin, 435
theology, 4
two natures in Christ, 510
worship of saints, 622
B
Baier
angels, 327
classification of attributes, 67
confuses church and state, 300
demons, 348, 349
end of life, 317
essence of God, 160
eternity of God, 75
guilt, 451
holiness of God, 124
image of God, 394
immutability of God, 70
independence of God, 124
natural law, 425
original sin, 453
proofs, 46
providence, 221
punishment, 492
sin, 426
two natures in Christ, 513
works of, 15
Baptism
means of grace, 255
miracle of grace, 304
of Christ, 571
Beelzebub, 347
Birth control, 272
Bliss of God. See Attributes of God: immanent.
Body, 65, 359
mutual dependence with soul, 373
bonitas. See Attributes of God: immanent: perfection/goodness.
Brochmand, Jasper
omnipotence, 141
original sin, 447
providence, 220
sin, 429
works of, 14
Burial of Christ, 543
C
Caesaro-papism, 299
Calov
angels, 330, 339
attributes of God, 67
bliss of God, 80
Christianity, 5
classification of attributes, 67
conversion, 488
creation, 209, 211
demons, 348
essence of God, 56
eternity of God, 75
goodness of God, 78, 79
hardening of heart, 473
image of God, 382, 385, 391
majesty of God, 80
miracles, 305
natural knowledge of God, 40
omniscience, 86, 87
providence, 221
religion, 5
right hand of God, 563
righteousness of God, 130
Scripture, 17
simplicity of God, 60
sin, 406
theology, 3, 4
will of God, 146, 159
works of, 15
Calvinism
error
fall into sin, 399
errors
church and state, 299
communication of idioms, 528
genus apotelesmaticum, 532
God and sin, 433
limited atonement, 613
predestination, 90
resurrection of Christ, 557
two natures in Christ (extra Calvinisticum), 513
will of God, 159
Capital punishment, 290
Cessationists, 312
Chance, 318–19
definition, 318
denies God's government, 319
Chastity, 271
Chemnitz
actual sin, 456, 457
angels, 327, 328, 329
cooperation of God, 433
creation, 210
essence of God, 160
free will, 481, 483, 484, 487, 489
Messiah, 570
miracles, 308
natural knowledge of God, 40
original sin, 444
sin, 434
soul, 379
Trinity, 162, 203
works of, 14
Cherubim. See Angels: ranks.
Christ
office of, 565–635
begins with conception, 570
definition, 565
King, 623–35, See King (Christ).
Mediator (reconciliation), 566
Messiah (the Anointed), 569
Priest, 584–623, See Christ (Priest).
Prophet, 572–84, See Christ (Prophet).
Savior (salvation), 568
one person, 505
two natures, 502–9, See Two natures (Christ).
two states, 533–65, See Humiliation and Exaltation.
only affect human nature, 533
Christ (King)
kingdom of glory
Christ the glorious king, 634
revealed on Last Day, 635
kingdom of grace
by gospel, 628
gives gifts, 630
invisible, 631
kingdom of power
for good of church, 628
over all things, 627
the kingdom
exercise of authority, 625
given to Christ, 626
Christ (Priest)
according to human/divine natures, 623
everlasting priesthood, 590
fulfillment of OT types, 584
makes intercession, 590, 619
obedience
active (to the law), 592
passive (to suffering), 593
to Father’s will, 591
vicarious, 593, 595
other names
Lamb of God, 586
Mediator, 585
Redeemer, 586
pronounces benediction, 590
redeems, 598
result of work
atonement, 605
Christian liberty, 614
complete salvation
errors, 613
intensive/extensive, 609
retroactive, 611
errors, 606
objective justification, 614
propitiation/expiation, 603
reconciliation, 605
satisfaction, 602
subjective justification, 615
sacrifice
atones for sins, 587
fulfills OT sacrifices, 587
vicarious/substitionary, 597
willing, 599
vicarious - objections, 599
Christ (Prophet)
attested by
eye witnesses, 573
himself, 573
his activity, 574
miracles, 574
OT prophecy, 572
for the whole world, 576
from birth, 575
message
chiefly gospel, 582
dependent on priestly work, 584
law, 581
purpose – faith/salvation, 583
spoke with authority, 576
today through church, 579
Christian
and government, 293
and theology, 3
God's love for, 111
law as guide, 581
liberty/freedom, 614, 616
love, 134
royal priesthood of, 623
stands in grace, 615
Christian freedom
adiaphora, 616
carefully guard it, 616
established by Christ, 614
matter of faith/hope, 618
not a license, 617
Christian liberty. See Christian freedom.
Christian Science
errors
matter, 373
revelation, 20
sin, 105
Christianity
justification heart of, 601
only saving religion, 5, 578
Church
as kingdom of God, 625
militant, 630
triumphant, 635
Church and State, 292
Chytraeus, David, 14
Circumcision
of Christ, 541, 571
Civil disobedience, 294
clauso utero, 539
Communication of attributes. See Communication of idioms.
Communication of idioms, 514–33
doesn't change either nature, 515
Genus Apotelesmaticum
both natures always participate, 531
definition, 530
errors (Hodge), 531
of utmost importance, 532
official acts summed up in titles, 530
Genus Idiomaticum
definition, 515
illustration – How was God crucified?, 518
Zwingli’s error, 517
Genus Maiestaticum
definition, 518
denial annuls union of natures, 519
divine honor, 527
errors, 528
omnipotence, 521
omnipresence
four modes, 524
right hand of God, 526
sacramental presence, 527
omniscience, 522
Communion
of Christ's two natures, 515, 530
with God, 4, 108, 585
Conception
life begins at, 275
of Christ, 506, 509
Concupiscence, 446
in Roman Catholicism, 447
Concurrence. See Providence.
Confession(s)
natural for a Christian, 24
norma normata, 25
subscription
quatenus, 26
quia, 26
Conscience, 39, 497–501
before/after sin, 499
correct, accurate, 499
definition, 497
doubting, 500
erring, weak, 499
evaluates acts/conditions, 497
evil/guilty
testifies to deserved punishment, 498
testifies to guilt, 498
testifies to inability to atone, 498
good/clean
testifies to peace with God, 498
through faith, 498
probable, 500
Conversion
ascribed to Holy Spirit, 487
man cannot cooperate in, 486
miracle of grace, 304
not a work of man, 149
Pelagianism, 489
produced by gospel, 493
purpose of gospel, 583
Semipelagianism, 489
Synergism, 489
Cooperation. See Will: of God; also Providence.
Corpus doctrinae
definition of, 11
opponents of, 11
Scripture source of, 12
Cosmological argument, 44
Council of Chalcedon, 511
Creatio
continua, 232
prima, 214
secunda, 214
Creation, 205–20
ascribed especially to Father, 194, 206
cooperation of Holy Spirit, 184, 206
cooperation of Son, 179, 206
doesn’t change God, 59, 71
God's love of, 109
of angels, 326
of man, 358
only one, 213
out of nothing, 208
perfect, 218
reveals God's majesty and goodness, 38
six days, 211
objections, 215
stages
prima, 214
secunda, 214
wisdom of God, 99
word of God, 209
בָּרַא, 208
Creationism, 376
D
Dannhauer, Konrad
sin against the Holy Spirit, 477
works of, 14
Death. See also End of life.
in marriage, 277
of Christ, 542
result of sin, 386
Decrees of God
eternal, 76
immutable, 70
in providence, 222
Deism
errors
God's cooperation, 240
omnipresence, 85
providence, 232
Trinity, 199
Demiurge, 47
Demons, 341–58
activity, 352
confirmed in sin, 348
defeated by Christ, 356
fall of angels, 342
forms of the occult, 357
Greek/Hebrew terms, 344
hell, 348
not included in Christ's saving work, 611
number, 343
possession, 353
powerful, 349
Satan. See Satan.
testify to Son's deity, 175
Descent into hell
errors, 548
purpose, 548
time, 547
Desire. See Concupiscence.
Determinatio, 253
Determinism. See Fatalism.
Deus absconditus, 35
Devil. See Satan.
Dichotomy, 360, 372
Directio, 251
Divorce, 277
regulated by government, 289
Doctrine
Christian, 11
church conventions, 18
corpus/body of. See Corpus doctrinae.
secondary source - Book of Concord, 24
sources to be avoided, 17
experience, 24
reason, 22
Dogmatics, 8–16, 24
as a system, 28
branch of theology, 1
loose sense of term, 11
Lutheran
history of, 15
manners of presentation, 13
Scripture source of, 12, 15
sources to be avoided, 17
Donum superadditum, 392, 440
Dualism
definition, 60
errors
creation, 210
image of God, 391
problem of evil, 104
Dynamic Monarchianism,, 198
E
Earth. See World.
Eastern Orthodoxy
errors
image of God, 388, 392
levels of worship, 529
marriage, 255
mystic, 607
Egalitarian view. See Marriage.
Emotions
love as, 112
sinful, 455
soul seat of, 65, 362
End of life, 315–18
determined by God, 315
natural causes, 316
stewardship of life, 317
Engagement, 260
Essence of God, 48–63
absolutely Independent Being, 56
aseitas, 56
independence, 74
infinite, 57
love, 76
personality, 61, 74
simplicity, 59
unity (oneness), 59, 65
Eternal life, 40
Eternity. See also Attributes of God: immanent.
Eutychianism, 511
Evangelicals
errors
Christ’s resurrection, 557
concupiscence, 447
creation, 212
image of God, 389
marriage, 256
Evolution
denies creation, 211, 375
denies sin, 429
of religion, 61
theistic, 232, 241
Exaltation, 544–65
as a gift, 545
assumes full use of divine majesty, 544
continues forever, 546
hypostatic union, 544
phases
ascension, 558
descent into hell, 547, See also Descent into hell.
resurrection, 550, See also Resurrection of Christ.
return to judgment, 564
sitting at the right hand, 560, See also Right hand of God.
Exclusivism, 578
Exegesis, 1
in creation account, 212
Exegetical questions
definition, 31
Exinanition. See Humiliation.
Existence
of God
assumed by Scripture, 32
atheism denies, 103, 240
conscience testifies to, 39
proofs, 42
of the world, 71, 207
Experience, 24
Expiation, 603
Extra Calvinisticum, 513
F
Faith, 23
Christian. See Christianity.
created and strengthened by God's revelation, 37
gift of God, 37
goal of preaching, 583
receives revelation of God, 36
receiving organ (ὄργανον ληπτικόν), 37, 609
Faithfulness
in marriage, 257
of God, 137
Fall into sin, 395–406
beyond our comprehension, 400
consequences, 386
freedom of choice, 398
historicity of, 401, 402
man's essence not changed, 391
no inherent weakness in man, 400
not decreed by God, 399
the temptation analyzed, 397
unbelief severs relationship, 398
Family. See Marriage.
Family planning. See Marriage.
Fatalism
problem of evil, 104, 240
Father (God)
begetting, 190
Christ’s resurrection attributed to, 550
creation and preservation, 195
providence, 224
relation to other persons, 77
spirare (breathing out), 190
work of creation, 205
Fellowship (church), 31
Filioque, 192
Flacius, Matthias Illyricus, 441
Flesh
man as dominated by sin, 421
uses in Scripture, 419
Foreknowledge of God, 93, 221
vs. man's responsibility, 94, 222
Formula of Concord
active obedience, 592
articles of faith, 16
ascension of Christ, 560
Christ as Mediator, 567
church and state, 297
communication of attributes, 518, 519, 520, 530
confessional subscription, 26, 27
conversion, 488
descent into hell, 549
discipline, 494
exaltation, 545
foreknowledge of God, 95, 97, 223, 240, 254
free will, 155, 247, 488, 490
genus apotelesmaticum, 532
government (civil), 289, 290
hardening of heart, 474
humiliation, 536
image of God, 391, 392
omnipresence, 84
omnipresence of Christ, 524
original sin, 437, 440, 441, 442, 445, 452
reason, 23
right hand of God, 527, 562, 564
Scripture, 25
sin, 435
soul, 378
two natures in Christ, 505, 510, 532
Free will. See Will of man.
Free will theism, 94
Freedom. See Christian freedom; also Will of man.
Friedlieb, Ph. H., 14
G
Generare, 190
Genus Apotelesmaticum. See Communication of idioms.
Genus idiomaticum.. See Communication of idioms.
Genus Maiestaticum. See Communication of idioms.
Gerhard
active obedience, 594
angels, 336
attributes of God, 67
bliss of God, 80
classification of attributes, 67
creation, 220
deism, 86
engagement, 261
essence of God, 56, 58, 78, 160
essence of man, 379
foreknowledge, 94, 96
free will, 154, 485, 486
goodness of God, 79
guilt, 451
image of God, 384, 387, 393
immanent love of God, 77, 78
independence of God, 146
justice of God, 130
marriage, 283
Messiah, 570
miracles, 308
omnipotence, 141, 142
omnipresence, 83
oneness of God, 59
opera ad extra, 195
original sin, 447
permissio, 249
proofs, 46
prophecy, 310, 311
providence, 227, 232
resurrection of Christ, 554
right hand of God, 561
simplicity of God, 59
sin, 459
sin against the Holy Spirit, 477
soul, 361, 379
theology, 4
threefold office of Christ, 572
Trinity, 168, 189, 201
two natures in Christ, 505, 513
will of God, 71, 155, 157, 158
works of, 14
Glory of God. See Attributes of God: immanent: majesty.
Gnosticism
errors
humanity of Christ, 503
oneness of God, 60
God
attributes, 69–81, See Attributes of God.
essence, 48–63, See Essence of God.
names, 50–56
אֶלוֹהִים, 52
יהוה, 50
אֵל, 53
אֲדֹנַי, 52
Goodness. See Attributes of God: immanent.
Gospel
chief message of Christ, 582
rejection of, 583
Government
civil, 287–300
capital punishment, 290
Christian attitude towards, 293
church benefits from, 295
church/state, 292
divine institution, 287
protection, 290
role, 288
taxes, 289
war, 290
God's. See Providence.
Grace
definition, 117
irresistible, 149
state of, 615
Guilt, 448–55
conscience testifies to, 497
definition, 410
Greek/Hebrew terms, 448
hereditary, 453
imputed sin, 448
incurs punishment, 411
infinite, 451
merits punishment, 491
sinner accountable to God, 448
H
Hafenreffer, Matthias
creation, 214
providence, 221
Trinity, 188, 201
works of, 14
Happiness, 49, 108
Hardening of heart
as warning for Christians, 474
by unbelievers, 469
Greek/Hebrew terms, 465
judgment of God, 472
process, 469
sin, 465
Heart, 369
hardening of. See Hardening of heart.
Heaven
Christ's ascent into, 526, 559
creation of, 216
man excluded from by nature, 452
saints in, 622
see God face to face, 36
Heerbrand, Jakob
free will, 483, 485
providence, 221
works of, 14
Hell
Christ's descent into, 547
place of punishment for Satan, 348
Henotheism, 61
Hermeneutics, 1
deductive and inductive conclusions, 24
Hexameron, 211
Hidden God. See Deus absconditus.
Historical argument, 43
Hodge, Charles, 531
Hoenecke, Adolf
communication of attributes, 521
dogmatics, 15
humiliation, 536
propitiation, 604
reconciliation, 605
religion, 4
theology, 4
two natures in Christ, 509
will of God, 157
Holiness of God. See Attributes of God: transitive.
Hollaz
active obedience, 593
angels, 322, 323, 329, 330, 331, 336
ascension, 559
attributes of God, 57, 66
communication of attributes, 532
confuses church and state, 299
cooperation of God, 238
creation, 206, 207, 210
demons, 343, 348, 351, 352
essence of God, 57
essence of man, 373
fall into sin, 396
guilt, 450
image of God, 384, 392
natural knowledge of God, 41
omnipotence, 142
permissio, 249, 250
punishment, 492
sin, 406, 427, 447
soul, 360
spiration, 191, 193, 194
Trinity, 196
two natures in Christ, 510
venial/mortal sin, 463
works of, 15
Holy Spirit
Christ conceived by, 506
conversion, 487
divine attributes, 183
divine honor, 186
divine names, 183
divine works, 184
divinity of, 181
false teachings, 186
personality of, 181
proceeding, 192
providence, 224
relation to other persons, 78
Homiletics, 1
Homosexuality, 281
Hulsemann, Johann
works of, 14
Humilation
concealment, 536
Humiliation, 533–44
concealment, 536
error
Kenoticism, 536
gives up full use of divine attr., 534
hypostatic union, 534
limited knowledge, 535
not equal to incarnation, 534
phases, 542
birth, 537
burial, 543
circumcision, 541
conception, 537
suffering, 542
retains divine attributes, 536
secret use of divine attr., 536
under law, 535, 541
Hunnius, Nikolaus
two natures in Christ, 519
works of, 14
Hutter, Leonhard
cooperation of God, 237
government (civil), 299
works of, 14
Hypostatic union, 534, 544
I
Idealism, 373
Idolatry, 33, 528
Image of God, 379–95
attribute, not essence, of man, 390
capable of development, 394
Christ the essential, 381
destroyed through sin, 380
Hebrew terms, 383
intellect, emotion, will, 385
man created in, 379, 393
not external gift, 392
propagation of, 394
purpose, 387
renewed by Holy Spirit, 380
restoration in Christians, 382
restored through Christ, 380
results of fall, 386
Immanent attributes. See Attributes of God: immanent.
Immutability. See Attributes of God: immanent.
Impeditio, 250
Imprecatory Psalms, 134
Incarnation, 506, 507, 509
not the humiliation, 534, 537
Inclusivism, 42, 578
Independent. See Essence of God.
Infinite. See Essence of God.
Intellect
of God, 146
of man
originally conformed to God's, 385
soul seat of, 65
Irenaeus, 518
Irresistible grace. See Grace: irresistible
Isagogics, 1
Islam
errors
church and state, 298
revelation, 20
Trinity, 199
Iustitia. See Attributes of God: transitive: justice/righteousness.
J
Jehovah’s Witnesses
errors
Christ’s resurrection, 557
Trinity, 199
Jerome, 540
Jesuits, 89
Jesus. See Christ; also Son of God.
John the Baptist
testifies to Son's deity, 174
Judaism
errors
Trinity, 199
Judgment
angels accompany Christ, 340
divine work of the Son, 177
final act of Christ as Savior, 565
kingly function of Christ, 634
Justice of God. See also Attributes of God: transitive.
love
not incompatible with, 119
reflected in human rulers, 130
satisfied by Christ, 491
satisfied by punishment, 495
Justification
declared by resurrection, 553
imputed righteousness, 137
objective, 614
restores image of God, 380, 617
subjective, 615
work of Christ, 491
K
Kenoticism, 536
Kindness of God, 114
King. See Christ (King).
Kingdom of God, 625
Knowledge
God's. See Attributes of God: transitive: omniscience.
natural. See Natural knowledge of God.
revealed, 40
synonym for wisdom, 99
Koenig, J. Friedrich, 15
L
Lamb of God, 586
Latter Day Saints
errors
oneness of God, 200
revelation, 20
Law
Christ Lord of, 593
Christ obedient to, 592
given through angels, 337
preached by Christ, 581
standard of holiness, 124
Laws of nature, 150
established by God, 231
God is independent from, 58
God works through, 157
humanity subject to, 481
in preservation, 230
miracles, 303
reflect God's justice, 130
Liberalism, 199, 447
Liberation theology
errors
church and state, 298
Liberty. See Will of man; also Christian freedom.
Life
begins at conception, 275
end of. See End of life.
eternal, 40
God gives to man, 359
God is, 48
Light
God is, 49
Limbo, 496
Logic
God independent from, 58
in hermeneutics, 24
Logos, 504, 505, 575
ἄσαρκος, 509
ἔνσαρκος, 509
Lord’s Supper
miracle of grace, 304
Love
Christian, 63, 108, 134
God is, 49, 63
God's. See also Attributes of God.
Bible describes, 64
immanent (internal), 77
Greek/Hebrew words, 112
in marriage, 257
self-love, 77
supreme manifestation is Christ's sacrifice, 63
Lucifer, 348
Luther
church and state, 300
conscience, 501
creation, 211
deism, 85
essence of God, 57
free will, 488
government (civil), 295
hidden God, 35
image of God, 393
imprecatory prayer, 136
marriage, 256, 257
miracles, 308
natural knowledge of God, 41
omnipresence, 83
preservation, 232
roles of men and women, 264
sacramental presence, 528
theologian, 3
two natures in Christ, 511, 532
M
Magic, 357
Majesty of God. See Attributes of God: immanent.
Man
consists of body and soul, 358
body, 359, See Body.
soul, 360, See Soul.
creation of, 358
dichotomy, 360
God's love for, 110
heart, 369
oneness, 374
preservation. See Providence.
propagation, 375
providence, 225
soul/spirit
differences, 368
similarities, 367
uses in scriputre, 361
spirit, 360, 364, See Spirit (man)
trichotomy, 360
will. See Will of man.
Mankind. See Man
Marriage, 254–87
annulment, 279
basic unit for society, 279
believer/unbeliever, 256
blessings, 270
children, 271
companionship, 270
sexual happiness, 270
commitment, 257
divorce, 277
engagement, 260
family life, 284
family planning, 272
instituted by God, 254
lifelong union, 255, 276
love, 257
not a sacrament, 255
polygamy, 280
public consent, 257
roles, 263
complement each other, 269
egalitarian view, 269
husband, 266
wife, 268
sexual union, 272
single state, 285
Materialism
definition, 60
denies soul, 373
Mediator (Christ), 566, 585
Meisner, Balthasar
conversion, 488
image of God, 385, 393
omnipresence, 84
original sin, 440, 441
sin against the Holy Spirit, 477
works of, 14
Melanchthon, Philip
conversion, 490
soul, 376
works of, 14
Mercy of God, 114, 147
Messiah, 569
Millennialism, 632
Mind
of God, 146
Miracles, 300–308
definition, 303
Greek/Hebrew terms, 300
natural/of grace, 304
performed by God alone, 304
purpose, 307
Modalistic Monarchianism, 189, 198
Monism, 60
Monophysitism, 511
Monotheism, 60, 61
Monothelitism, 504, 511
Moral argument, 46
Mormonism. See Latter Day Saints.
Musaeus, Johann
theology, 4
works of, 15
Muslims. See Islam.
Mysticism, 607
N
Names of God. See God: names.
Natural knowledge of God
cannot save, 40
forms false religions, 578
from conscience, 39
from creation, 38
from preservation, 38
Natural law, 39, 281, 293
Nature
of God. See Essence of God and Trinity.
reveals God's majesty and goodness, 38
synonym for essence, 161
Nestorianism, 510, 514, 527, 528, 531
Non posse peccare, 395
Norma normans, 25
Norma normata, 25
O
Obduracy. See Hardening of heart.
Objective justification, 614
Occult, 357
Omnipotence. See Attributes of God: transitive.
in providence, 147
of Christ, 179, 520
Omnipresence. See Attributes of God: transitive.
of Christ, 520, 524
Omniscience. See Attributes of God: transitive.
of Christ, 179, 520, 522
Oneness of God. See Essence of God.
Ontological argument, 43
Open question
angels (day of creation), 329
cessation of prophecy, 313
definition, 31
Openness theism, 94
Opera ad extra, 194, 195
Opera ad intra, 190, 194
Opinio legis, 46
Optimism
problem of evil, 105
Origen, 375
Original sin, 436–48
concupiscence, 446
described negatively/positively, 444
human nature corrupt, sinful, 437
imputation of
denied by man, 453
direct, 452
indirect, 452
in Christians, 443
incurs guilt, 448
not part of essence, 441
only scripture teaches, 436
opposed by
Pelagianism, Semipelagianism, Synergism, 438
thorough corruption, 440
transmitted by propagation, 441
universal, 439
Osiander, Andreas, 607
P
Pantheism
definition, 60
errors
creation, 210
omnipresence, 84
providence, 232
sin, 429
in evolution of religion, 61
Papacy
antichrist, 633
authority over Scripture, 17
Paraclete, 621
Passion of Christ, 542
Passive obedience, 593
Patripassianism, 198
Pelagianism
errors
free will, 489
original sin, 438
will of God, 157
Pentecostals
errors
person of Christ, 198
Perfection. See Attributes of God: immanent.
Perfections of God, 69, See also Attributes of God.
Permissio, 248
Person. See Trinity.
Personal. See Essence of God: personality.
Pessimism
problem of evil, 104
Photinians, 557
Pieper, August
imprecatory prayer, 136
Pieper, Franz
active obedience, 594
ascension of Christ, 560
humiliation, 536
image of God, 381
immutability, 71
omniscience, 92
religion, 4
temptation of Christ, 508
theology, 4
two natures in Christ, 509, 511
will of God, 157
Pietism, 15
Pluralism, 42, 578
Polygamy, 279
Polytheism, 60, 61
Posse non peccare, 395
Postmodernism
sin, 431
Power of God. See Attributes of God: transitive: omnipotence.
ordinata/absoluta, 143
Prayer, 313–15
according to God's will, 314
and foreknowledge, 315
God hears and answers, 313
influence, 314
to saints, 622
Preaching, 292, 479, 549, 583
Preexistentism, 375
Presence
of Christ (four modes), 524
Presence of God. See also Omnipresence.
mystic union, 84
special, 84
three kinds of, 81
Preservation. See also Providence.
act of providence, 227
reveals God's majesty and goodness, 38
Priest. See Christ (Priest).
Problem of evil, 103, 104
Procedere, 192
Process theology, 73
opposes God's eternity, 75
Proofs of God's existence
cosmological argument, 44
historical argument, 43
moral argument, 46
ontological argument, 43
teleological argument, 45
Prophecy, 309–13
cessationist view, 312
conditional, 73
culminates in Christ, 311
foretelling, 309
fulfilled in stages, 74
Messianic, 174
must be fulfilled, 310
prophets, 309
Prophet. See Christ (Prophet).
Propitiation, 603
Providence, 100, 220–54
chance. See Chance.
cooperation/concurrence, 233
in sinful acts, 238
joint actions, 235
secondary causes, 233
definition, 221
distinguished according to object, 224
end of life. See End of life.
government (civil). See Government: civil.
government (God), 241
and man’s freedom, 245
goodness/wisdom, 244
in sinful actions
directs, 251
impedes, 250
limits, 253
not the cause, 254
permits, 248
of individuals, 244
of nations, 243
of world, 242
marriage/family. See Marriage.
miracles. See Miracles.
opus ad extra, 223
prayer. See Prayer.
preservation, 227
by natural means, 230
of individual, 228
of world, 227
propagation of man, 375
prophecies. See Prophecy.
Punishment, 491–97
capital, 290
Christ bore ours, 491
classifications
loss/feeling, 496
natural/imposed, 133
temporal/eternal, 496
compensation for sin/guilt, 491, 495
errors, 496
not remedial/corrective, 492
of impenitent, 494
of sin, 448
satisfies God's justice, 491, 495
Q
Quakers. See Society of Friends
Quatenus, 25
Quenstedt
active obedience, 593, 594
actual sin, 457
angels, 321, 322, 327, 331, 336
articles of faith, 29
ascension of Christ, 560
attributes of God, 65, 66
Christ (Mediator), 567
Christ (Priest), 620
Christ under law, 541
communication of attributes, 515, 520
conscience, 500
cooperation of God, 235, 240
creation, 208
demons, 342, 349, 354, 355
determinatio, 253
essence of God, 57
eternity of God, 75
fall into sin, 396, 400
free will, 481, 482, 483, 485, 487
generare, 190
hardening of heart, 472, 473
holiness of God, 121
image of God, 391
immanent/transitive attributes, 69
immutability of God, 70
independence of God, 57
love (God's), 109, 112
miracles, 304
natural knowledge of God, 40, 41
omnipresence, 82
oneness of God, 59
opera ad extra, 195
opera ad intra, 195
original sin, 447, 453
OT sacrifices, 588
passive obedience, 593, 595
permissio, 249
permission, 250
preservation, 232
providence, 222, 225, 243
punishment, 491
religion, 5
resurrection of Christ, 551
right hand of God, 562
righteousness of God, 130
roles of men and women, 269
sin, 398, 429, 434, 435, 458, 459, 460, 461
sin against the Holy Spirit, 477
soul, 378
spirit (man), 361
theology, 3
Trinity, 166, 189, 196
two natures in Christ, 528
universal atonement, 611
works of, 15
Quia, 25
R
Rationalism
and Lutheranism, 15
errors
hell, 497
sin, 430
Reason
deductive and inductive conclusions, 24
illumined, 23
natural, 22
not a standard of doctrine, 22
Reconciliation, 566, 605
Redeemer, 586, See Christ (Priest).
Redemption, 598
ascribed especially to Son, 194
served by exaltation, 546
Reformed. See Calvinism
Religion, 4–8
Christian, 5
only saving, 578
definition of, 4
evolution of, 61
false, 578
fruit of theology, 4
Pieper/Hoenecke, 4
synonyms (Greek), 6
Repentance
of God, 71
of man, 278, 432, 479
Resurrection of Christ
attributed to Christ, 550
attributed to the Father, 550
beginning of exaltation, 546
certainty of, 552
declaration of justification, 553
errors
Calvinism, 557
denial of, 555
Photinians, 557
forty days after, 554
same body, glorified, 551
time, 551
Resurrection of the dead
divine work of Son, 177, 180
kingly function of Christ, 634
Revelation of God, 32–47
conscience, 39
creates and strengthens faith, 37
in Scripture, 32
nature, 38
objective/subjective, 38
sufficient for salvation, 35
through Jesus Christ, 36
Right hand of God, 526
Christ sitting at
applies to human nature, 562
comfort for the church, 563
final stage of exaltation, 564
ruling with power, 561
position of power, 560
Righteousness
civic, 42, 483
image of God, 391
of God. See Attributes of God: transitve.
demands satisfied by Christ, 602
of man
absence of (original sin), 444
original, 386
result of Christ’s work, 609
Roles of men and women
affected by fall, 264
egalitarian view, 269
established at creation, 262
head/submission, 263
mutual submission, 265
Roman Catholicism
errors
adoration of the host, 528
birth control, 272
church and state, 298
concupiscence, 447
image of God, 388, 392
levels of worship, 529
limbo, 496
marriage, 255
sin, 428
venial/mortal sin, 464
Virgin Mary, 442
Royal priesthood, 623
S
Sacramental presence, 527
Sacrifice
of Christ, 63, 380, 432, 478, 587, 597, 620, 623
Old Testament, 588
Saints
prayer to, 622
rule in heaven, 632
veneration of, 529
Salvation
complete in every respect, 609
error - limited in purpose, 613
goal of preaching, 583
God as author, 202
God's wisdom in, 101
knowledge necessary for, 50
purpose of theology, 3
work of Christ, 568
Sanctification
God's wisdom in, 102
image of God being renewed, 380
produced by gospel, 493
work of Holy Spirit, 194
Sapientia. See Attributes of God: transitive: wisdom.
Satan
defeated by Christ, 357
kingdom of, 351
other names, 346
powerful, 354
Satanism, 357
Satisfaction, 602
Savior, 570
Schaller, John
conception of Christ, 506
cooperation of God, 151
hidden God, 35
humiliation, 536
marriage, 259
two natures in Christ, 543
Schertzer, Joh. Ad.
humiliation, 534
omnipotence, 142
works of, 15
Scientia. See Attributes of God: transitive: omniscience.
Scripture
authority of, 10
defines articles of faith, 15
God's revelation of himself, 32
norma normans, 25
sufficient for salvation, 35
teaches Trinity, 202
truth, 15
Semipelagianism, 489
Semipelagianism, 438
Seraphim. See Angels: ranks.
Sex. See Marriage.
Simplicitas. See Essence of God: simplicity.
Sin
actual, 436, 455–65
voluntary/involuntary, 458
against natural law, 425
all acts of unregenerate, 457
bible word study, 407–22, See Sin (word study)
Calvinism makes God author of, 433
causes
man, 434
not God, 431
Satan, 434
commission/omission, 465
condition/action, 406, 427
definition, 149, 406
elements of (sequence), 422
enmity against God, 134, 424
existence denied by, 429
guilt. See Guilt.
imputation of, 450
incurs guilt, 406
man responsible for, 150
negative/positive concept, 406
obduracy. See Hardening of heart.
of ignorance, 458
of weakness, 459
original. See Original sin
summary, 422
universal, 429
venial/mortal, 462
vs. Holy Spirit. See Sin against the Holy Spirit.
Sin (word study)
New Testament
disobedience - παρακοή, 417
evil, malice - κακία, 418
lawlessness - ἀνομία, 416
missing the mark - ἁμαρτία, 415
sinful acts - ἁμαάρτημα, 416
sinful flesh - σάρξ, 419
transgression - παράβασις, 417
trespass - παράπτωμα, 417
unrighteousness - ἀδικία, 416
wandering - πλάνη, 418
wickedness - πονηρία, 418
Old Testament
crosses boundary - עֶבְרָה, 413
evil/enmity - רַע, 413
folly - נְבָלָה, 412
guilt -
עוֹן, 410
אָשָׁם, 411
iniquity - אָוֶן, 413
injustice - עָוָל, 413
miss target - חטא, 407
rebellion - פֶשַׂע, 409
sinful flesh - בָּשָׂר, 419
turning aside - סָרָה, 411
unfaithfulness - מַעַל, 412
wandering - שְׁגָגָה, 412
wickedness - רֶשַׁע, 414
Sin against the Holy Spirit
definition, 475
unforgivable, 478
warning for Christians, 479
Sin offering, 588
Sinful nature. See Original sin.
Smalcald Articles
angels, 341
articles of faith, 16
church and state, 291
cooperation of God, 254
divorce, 289
fall into sin, 401
papacy, 633
revelation, 22
Virgin Mary, 539
voluntary sin, 462
Society of Friends
errors
revelation, 20
Son of God. See also Christ.
begotten, 193, 506
deity attested by, 174–81
apostles, 178
divine attributes, 176
divine honor, 178
divine names, 178
divine works, 177
Father, 175
Jesus himself, 176
incarnation, 506
providence, 224
relation to other persons, 78
resurrection attributed to, 550
spirare (breathing out), 191
Soul, 65
created by God, 360
mutual dependence with body, 373
propagation of, 375
creationism, 376
preexistentism, 375
traducianism, 377
relation to spirit, 361, 367, 368
seat of emotion, affections, intelligence, 367
נֶפֶשׁ /ψυχή - uses in scripture, 361
Spirare, 190
Spirit (man)
relation to soul, 361, 367, 368
seat of emotion, affections, intelligence, 367
trichotymy, 360
רוּחַ / πνεῦμα - uses in Scripture, 364
Subjective justification, 615
Submission. See Roles of men and women.
Substantia, 160
Suffering
of Christ, 542
of Christians, 294
of God (immutability), 72
result of fall into sin, 386
Summum Bonum, 124, 134, 155
Super-veneration, 529
Symbolics, 1
Synergism, 89, 438, 489
T
Taxes, 289
Teachers, 8
false, 9
Teleological argument, 45
Temptation
of Adam and Eve, 397
of Adam/Eve, 395
of Christ, 356, 507
of Christians, 432
Terminus vitae. See End of life.
Theologian, 4, 8
Theology, 1–4, 32–204
aim of, 1
definition of, 1
divisions of, 1
habitus practicus, 2
purpose of, 3
Time
creation of, 72
God independent of, 57
Time of grace, 74
Tradition
in Eastern Orthodoxy, 19
in Roman Catholicism, 18
Traducianism, 377
Transitive attributes. See Attributes of God: transitive.
Trichotomy, 360
Trinity, 160–204
analogies, 201
angel of the Lord, 169
beyond comprehension, 197, 202
errors
deny Trinity, 198
deny Unity, 200
God referred to in plural, 168
immanent love, 77
mutual permeation, 197
New Testament evidence, 164
Old Testament evidence, 166
one essence, 160
opera ad extra, 194
opera ad intra, 190
three persons, 162
distinct, 187
equal, 187
errors, 188
Father. See Father (God).
Holy Spirit. See Holy Spirit.
order, 195
relationship, 186
Son. See Son of God
Truthfulness of God, 125
Two natures (Christ)
communication of idioms, 514–33, See Communication of idioms
true God. See Son of God.
true man, 502
errors, 503
human soul, volition, 503
without sin, 507
twofold generation, 506
union of, 509–14
communication, 511
divine assumes human, 509
errors, 510
personal propositions, 513
real, reciprocal, personal, 509
U
Understanding
God's, displayed in nature, 66
heart seat of, 371
synonym for wisdom, 99
Unio Mystica, 84
Union
hypostatic, 534, 544
in marriage, 255
mystic, 84
of two natures in Christ. See Two natures (Christ).
with God, 4
Unitarianism, 198
unitas Dei. See Essence of God: unity/oneness.
Unity of God. See also Trinity., See Essence of God.
Universalism, 42
V
Vatican II
religion, 6
Veneration, 529
Virgin Mary, 442
Christ born of, 506
Clauso utero, 539
perpetual virginity, 539
Volition, 65
Voluntas. See Will of God; also Will of man.
W
Walther, C.F.W.
dogmatics, 15
marriage, 258
Word of God, 47
Wicca, 357
Will of God, 144–60
absolutely free, 146, 480
and human freedom, 151
causae, 146
cooperation in sinful acts, 151
definition, 144
distinctions made by dogmaticians, 155
in preservation, 229
independent of succession of events, 74
laws of nature, 150
nothing takes place without, 233
one with intellect, 146
reflected in commands, promises, 148
undivided, 155
Will of man
by nature is not free, 480
cannot cooperate in conversion, 486
errors
Pelagianism, 489
Semipelagianism, 489
Synergism, 489
freedom from necessity/coercion, 480
freedom in externals, 245, 483
freedom in sinful matters, 484
God cooperates in actions produced by, 237
no freedom in spiritual matters, 485
Wisdom
God source of, 49
of angels, 335
of God. See Attributes of God: transitive.
and God’s will, 144
in providence, 245
Witchcraft, 357
Word. See Logos.
Word of God. See Scripture.
Work-righteousness, 578
World. See also Creation.
home of man, 218
Worship, 529
Z
Zoroastrianism, 60
Zwingli
errors
two natures in Christ, 517
Greek Terms
Α
ἀγάπη, 112
ἄγγελος, 324
ἅγιοι, 325
ἀδικία, 416
ἁμάρτημα, 416
ἁμαρτία, 415
ἀμνός, 586
ἀνομία, 416
ἀποτελέσματα, 530
ἀρνίον, 586
ἄσαρκος, 509
αὐχηματικόν, 518
Β
Γ
γέννητος, 193
Δ
δαιμόνιον, 344
δύναμις, 302
Ε
ἔλεος, 114
ἐνεργετικῶς, 179
ἔνσαρκος, 509
ἔργα, 303
Ζ
Η
Θ
θαυμάσιον, 300
θεοτόκος, 510
Ι
ἰδιωματικῶς, 179
Ἰησοῦς, 568
Κ
κακία, 418
καρδία, 369
ὁ κατήγωρ, 346
κεφαλή, 270
κηρύσσω, 549
Λ
λατρευτικῶς, 180
Λόγος, 575, See Logos; also Christ.
Μ
μονογενής, 193
μορφὴ δούλου, 536
Ν
Ξ
Ο
ὁμοιούσιος, 187
ὁμοούσιος, 187
ὀνοματικῶς, 178
ὄργανον ληπτικόν, See Faith
οὐσία, 161
Π
παντοκράτωρ, 141
παράβασις, 417
παρακοή, 417
παράπτωμα, 417
πάσχα, 586
ὁ πειράζων, 345
πλάνη, 418
πνεῦμα, 364
πονηρία, 418
πορνεία, 277
πρόσωπον, 162
πρωτότοκος, 193
Ρ
Σ
σάρξ, 419
σατανᾶς, 345
σημεῖον, 302
σωτηρία, 568
σωτήρ, 568
Τ
τέρας, 301
Υ
ὑπόστασις, 162
ὑποτάσσω, 266
Φ
φιλέω, 113
φύσις, 161
Χ
χάρις, 117
Ψ
ψυχή, 361
Ω
Hebrew Terms
א
אדֹנָי . See God: names.
אָוֶן , 413
אוֹת , 302
אֵל . See God: names.
אֱלוֹהִים. See God: names.
אֱלֹהִים , 169
אָשָׁם , 411
ב
בָּרָא , 208
בָּשָׂר , 419
ג
גֹאֵל , 586
גְּבוּרָה , 302
ד
דְּמוּת , 384
ה
ו
ז
ח
חֶסֶד, 116
חטא, 407
ט
י
יהוה. See God: names.
יהוה צבאות, 141
כ
ל
לֵב / לֵבָב, 369
מ
מוֹפֵת, 301
מַלְאָךְ, 324
מעַל∍, 412
נ
נְבָלָה, 412
נחם. See Repentance: of God.
נִפְלְאוֹת, 300
נֶפֶשׁ, 361
ס
סָרָה, 411
ע
עֶבְרָה, 413
עָוָל, 413
עָוֹן, 410
עֲלִילָה, 303
פ
פֶשַׁע, 409
צ
צְבָאוֹת, 326
צֶלֶם, 383
ק
קְדֹשִׁים, 325
ר
רוּחַ, 364
רַע, 413
רֶשַׁע, 414
שׁ
שְׁגָגָה, 412
שׂ
שׂטָן, 345
ת
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