The Trail of Tears in Tennessee: A Study of the Routes ...

The Trail of Tears in Tennessee:

A Study of the Routes Used

During the Cherokee Removal of 1838

2001

THE TRAIL OF TEARS IN TENNESSEE:

A STUDY OF THE ROUTES USED

DURING THE CHEROKEE REMOVAL OF 1838

Benjamin C. Nance

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation

Division of Archaeology

2001

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Figures

ii

List of Tables

iii

Acknowledgments

iv

Introduction

1

An Overview of Historical Events Leading to the Removal of the Cherokees

3

Results of the Survey of Routes Used By the Cherokees

During Their 1838 Removal From Tennessee

21

Departure Points

23

Northern Route

27

Bell's Route

33

Benge's Route

38

Taylor and Brown's Route

40

Drane's Route

42

Archaeological Remains Related to the Trail of Tears

43

Conclusions

45

Appendix A. Recorded Tennessee Archaeological Sites

Pertaining to the Cherokees

47

Appendix B. Selected Photographs of Road Segments

56

Appendix C. Maps of the Removal Routes in Tennessee

60

References Cited

68

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1. Map of the Cherokee Nation in 1721

6

Figure 2. Map of the Cherokee Nation 1819-1835

7

Figure 3. General Map of the Land Routes Used During the Cherokee Removal 18

Figure 4. Map of the Fort Cass Emigrating Depot

24

Figure 5. Cannon County. Road segment beside Highway 70S in Leoni

57

Figure 6.

Robertson County. Road Segment near Harmony Church Road

57

Figure 7.

Franklin County. Road Segment West of Winchester (facing east)

58

Figure 8.

Franklin County. Road Segment West of Winchester (facing west)

58

Figure 9.

Hardeman County. Road Segment Near Stewart Road

59

Figure 10. Humphrey's County. Portion of Old Road Near Conal co Road

ii

59

LIST OF TABLES

Page

Table 1. Removal Detachments, Their Conductors, Assistant Conductors,

and Probable Points of Departure

16

Table 2. Recorded Tennessee Archaeological Sites Pertaining to the Cherokees 48

iii

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