Tragedy of the Commons

TragedyoftheCommons~SimulationLab

Materials:Hershey'skisses

PlasticSpoon

Largebeakerandmediumbeaker

FabricCloth

Folders

Procedure:

1) Divideyourselvesintogroupsoffour.

2) Imaginethisscenario.Eachpersonrepresentstheheadofastarvingfamily,

whichrequiresfood.Theonlyfoodsourceforthesefourfamiliesisasmall

bay.Luckilyeachfamilyknowsofsecretspotinthebaywherethefishseem

togather.

3) Fortunately,aftereach"round"(oneminuteoffishing)bythefourfamily

heads,eachremainingfishisabletospontaneouslyreproduceandmakeone

newfish.Eachpersonisallowedtocatchasmanyorfewfishasyouwant,

butifyoucatchonlyonefish,yourfamilywillstarvetodeath.

4) Thesimulationwillcontinueforthreerounds.

5) TherewillNOtalkingduringthissimulation.Aftereachroundfillinthedata

table.IwillannouncetheendofeachfishingroundandI'llrestockthebay.

Part2:

1) Inthispart,youwillhaveaccesstotwofishingbays,onecommonandone

private.

2) Therulesaresameasbefore.Youmustcatchatleastonefishfromeachbay

(onefromthecommonandonefromyourprivatebay)duringeachround.

Theclothwillberemovedaswillthefolderssoyouwillknowatalltimes

exactlyhowmanyfishareinthebayatalltimes.Talkingandstrategizing

togetherarenowallowed.Thecarryingcapacityofeachpondis:

3) Aftereachroundrecordyourdata.

 PartOneData:

Round#

1 2 3 4 Total

#offish #offish

at

takenby

beginning family1

ofround

XXXXXXX

#offish takenby family2

#offish takenby family3

#offish takenby family4

Totalfish leftatend ofround

PartTwoData:

Round# #offish #offish

at

takenby

beginning family1

ofround

1

2

3

4

Total

XXXXXXX

#offish takenby family2

#offish takenby family3

#offish takenby family4

Totalfish leftatend ofround

PrivateBayData:

Round

#offishat

#offishtakenthis #offishattheend

beginningofround round

oftheround

1

2

3

Total

XXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXX

Calculatethetotalnumberoffishcaughtbyeachpersoninpart2:

Person1:

Person2:

Person3:

Person4:

Analysis

Intheanalysispartofyourlabreportyoushouldevaluatetheresultsandanswer

thefollowingquestions.

*WhathappenedtothecommonresourceintheinPart1?Why?

*DidyougetdifferentresultsforthepondinPart2?Why?

*Explaintherationaleforyourfishingtechniqueineachpart.

*Ifyoucooperatedwithotherfishers,whatwastheresultofthatcooperation?

*Didyouusedifferentfishingstrategiesinthecommonbayandthepublicbay?

*Whydoescommonusageleadtoexploitation?

*Whatwouldbetheidealwaytomanagethecommonpond?

*Howwouldthissimulationhavebeendifferentifyoudidn'tknowanyofthe

studentsinyourgroup?

 *Whatarethestrategiesthathelptopreventthe"tragedyofthecommons"?

? Whyistheprivatepondeasiertomanageforlong-termsuccess? LabReport Remember,yourlabreportmustbedoneinAPAformat(headedpaper....)Italso requiresaseparatetitlepage...Seesectionbelowon"writingstylerequirements". **1)Introduction-anintroductiontoresourceuse,exploitation,andthetragedyof thecommons.Presentationofthegoalsoftheactivity. 2)Procedure-summaryofthestepsperformedandmaterialsrequired. *3)Results-3datatables,3graphs,awrittensummaryoftrendsthatappearin thegraphs/datatables. 4)Analysis-adiscussionoftheresultsandexplanationofthecauseofthetrends basedonanunderstandingofthetragedyofthecommons.Youneedtoincorporate answerstoallofthequestionsintheaboveanalysissection. 5)Conclusion-Brieflysummarizetheresultsofthissimulation,anddiscussthe implicationsofthissimulationonthemanagementofcommonresourcesinthe environment.Whatdidyoulearnaboutwaystoavoidthiskindofbehavior?What strategiescouldbedone?Identifyanotherspecificenvironmentalproblemthat involvesTheTragedyoftheCommonsandwhatcouldbesomesolutionstothis particularproblem.(Inotherwords,howcanTheTragedyoftheCommonsbe avoided?Whatcouldpeopledo?) **IncludeinthissectionsomebackgroundinformationregardingTheTragedyof theCommons:IntroductoryInformation:In1968,environmentalistscoinedaterm orconceptcalledtheTragedyoftheCommons.Thetragedybeingthenotionthat anyresourcethatisopentoeveryone?suchastheairorpartsoftheocean?will eventuallybedestroyedbecauseeveryonecanusetheresourcebutnooneis responsibleforpreservingit.Whenpeoplearenotcompelledtopreserveresources forthewelfareforfuturegenerations,theTragedyoftheCommonsoccurs.This ideahasbeenadaptedtoexplainthepatternofoveruseofmanycommon,limited resources.Forexample,theexploitationofwildpopulations(ex.over-fishing),the abuseofpubliclands(ex.overgrazingonfederallands)andpopulationgrowthcan allbeevaluatedusingthisprinciple.Evenacleanschoolcampus(andthetreatment ofitbytrash-leavingstudents)canbeexplainedbythetragedyofthecommons.

APALabFormat

1) TitlePageinAPAformat Inupperhalfofpage:(centered) TitleofReport Yourname ClassandPeriod Date

2) CorrectAPAformat usethrough-outbodyofreport.

-Oneinchmarginsused. -Doublespacingusedthroughout paer -Paragraphsareindented. -Headingsareusedforeach section.Headingsareleftjustified andunderlined. -12pt.fontisused,eitherArialor TimesNewRoman.

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