Image processing

Image processing

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Contents

Articles

Image processing

1

Image processing

1

Digital image processing

3

Digital imaging

5

Medical imaging

6

Digital images

14

Quantization (signal processing)

14

Brightness

16

Luminance

17

Contrast (vision)

19

Color space

23

Color mapping

27

Color management

28

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

32

JPEG 2000

40

Operations on images

53

Linear filter

53

Histogram

57

Image histogram

62

Color histogram

64

Affine transformation

66

Scaling (geometry)

70

Rotation (mathematics)

72

Color balance

77

Image registration

82

Segmentation (image processing)

85

References

Article Sources and Contributors

93

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

95

Article Licenses

License

96

1

Image processing

Image processing

In electrical engineering and computer science, image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image-processing techniques involve treating the image as a two-dimensional signal and applying standard signal-processing techniques to it.

Image processing usually refers to digital

image processing, but optical and analog

image processing are also possible. This article is about general techniques that apply

Monochrome black/white image

to all of them. The acquisition of images

(producing the input image in the first place) is referred to as imaging.

Typical operations

Among many other image processing operations are:

? Euclidean geometry transformations such as enlargement, reduction, and rotation

? Color corrections such as brightness and contrast adjustments, color mapping, color balancing, quantization, or color translation to a different color space

The red, green, and blue color channels of a photograph by Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorskii. The fourth image is a composite.

? Digital compositing or optical compositing (combination of two or more images). Used in film-making to make a "matte"

? Interpolation, demosaicing, and recovery of a full image from a raw image format using a Bayer filter pattern ? Image registration, the alignment of two or more images ? Image differencing and morphing ? Image recognition, for example, extract the text from the image using optical character recognition or checkbox

and bubble values using optical mark recognition ? Image segmentation ? High dynamic range imaging by combining multiple images ? Geometric hashing for 2-D object recognition with affine invariance

Image processing

2

Applications

? Computer vision ? Optical sorting ? Augmented Reality ? Face detection ? Feature detection ? Lane departure warning system ? Non-photorealistic rendering ? Medical image processing ? Microscope image processing ? Morphological image processing ? Remote sensing

See also

? Imaging ? Photo manipulation ? List of image analysis software ? Near sets ? Multidimensional systems

Further reading

? Tinku Acharya and Ajoy K. Ray. Image Processing - Principles and Applications [1]. Wiley InterScience. ? Wilhelm Burger and Mark J. Burge (2007). Digital Image Processing: An Algorithmic Approach Using Java [2].

Springer. ISBN 1846283795 and ISBN 3540309403. ? R. Fisher, K Dawson-Howe, A. Fitzgibbon, C. Robertson, E. Trucco (2005). Dictionary of Computer Vision and

Image Processing. John Wiley. ISBN 0-470-01526-8. ? Bernd J?hne (2002). Digital Image Processing. Springer. ISBN 3-540-67754-2. ? Tim Morris (2004). Computer Vision and Image Processing. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-99451-5. ? Milan Sonka, Vaclav Hlavac and Roger Boyle (1999). Image Processing, Analysis, and Machine Vision. PWS

Publishing. ISBN 0-534-95393-X.

External links

? Lectures on Image Processing [3], by Alan Peters. Vanderbilt University. Updated 28 April 2008. ? EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing [4] -- Open Access journal on Image Processing ? Image processing algorithms, implementations and demonstrations [5]

References

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[2] [3] [4] [5]

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