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TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE – CJFS 4870 – FALL 2014CHAPTER 11.Police work in America is unique because:a.employees handle a wide range of roles and tasksb.sworn officers have the authority to arrest and use deadly force when necessaryc.agencies are expected to operate 24 hours a day, seven days a weekd.all of these choices2.Which of the following is NOT an activity performed in the typical large organization?a.task performanceb.facilitating tasksc.supervising task performanced.task avoidance3.Police departments have identifiable boundaries. In this view, “boundaries” refer to:a.geographical barriersb.the department’s goals and the people it servesc.budget constraintsd.managerial priorities4.Which of the following terms refers to the general managing and organizing that occurs at the highest levels of an organization?a.mid-level managementb.administrationc.supervisiond.discipline5.POSDCORB stands for:a.planning, organizing, staffing, disciplining, coordinating, reporting, and budgetingb.planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and boundary spanningc.political maneuvering, organizing, staffing, disciplining, coordinating, reporting, and budgetingd.planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting, and budgeting6.Which of the following is the task of keeping everyone informed regarding operations through verbal and written directives, records, and inspections?a.directingb.coordinatingc.reportingd.budgeting7.The typical police organization resembles a:a.military structureb.pyramid with rank and file at the bottom and managers at the topc.hierarchyd.all of these choices8.What is used to enumerate a department’s purpose?a.policy manualb.city charterc.mission statementd.roll call9.Which of the following is NOT a purpose of a mission statement?a.It notifies and educates officers and citizens about the department’s values.b.It outlines the procedure by which misconduct will be handled.c.It provides a yardstick by which to measure the department’s successes and failures.d.It serves as a guide for establishing training and other socialization programs.10.The Wickersham Commission advocated redefinition of the police role from:a.order maintenance to community policingb.problem solving to community policingc.order maintenance to law enforcementd.law enforcement to order maintenance11.In what era did the role of the police as law enforcers, or “crook catchers,” crystallize? a.progressive reform erab.professional munity relations erad.homeland security era12.The 1980s saw a shift in police philosophy to:munity relationsb.accountabilityc.law and orderd.homeland security13.What event was most responsible for the homeland security focus in many police agencies today?a.Iraq warb.Oklahoma City bombingc.9/11 attacksd.all of these choices14.Which era is best characterized by emphasis on active participation by citizens in law enforcement issues?a.progressive reform erab.professional munity relations munity policing era15.A highly centralized department structure was most characteristic of what policing era?a.political erab.progressive reform erac.professional munity policing eraCHAPTER 21.Which of the following is NOT a part of the police environment?a.social conditionsb.cultural conditionsc.physical conditionsd.labor conditions 2.Environmental conditions that affect the structure and nature of government include:a.technologicalb.politicalc.economicd.all of these choices 3. Demographic conditions that influence law enforcement include:a.changes in the proportion of young peopleb.recessions and economic downturnsc.political disagreementsd.none of these choices 4. Ecological conditions in the environment of government include:a.geographic locationb.natural resourcesc.climated.all of these choices 5. Which of the following is an example of cultural conditions that influence the environment of police organizations?a.a contentious electionb.lack of tolerance for certain behaviors such as panhandlingc.The chief’s time on the jobd.the percentage of whites in the population 6.“Uncertainty” in an organization refers to:a.natural selectionb.contradictions in citizen preferences for crime controlc.a lack of information about the environmentd.the absence of a policy manual7.Which of the following conceives of organizations as being insulated and closed off from their environments?a.closed system modelb.natural selection modelc.open system modeld.normal accident model 8.Characteristics of an open model of police organization include:a.decentralized decision makingb.accountability through superiors and peersc.all employees and the public contribute to resolving problems and changing the organizationd.all of these choices9.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a closed system?a.centralized decision makingb.authority based on position and knowledge rather than anizational members isolated from societyd.hierarchical structure of organization shaped like a pyramid10.A good example of the open systems model in action is:munity policingc.fusion centersd.hot spots policing11.The council-manager form of government:a.consists of elected council members who make policies that are carried out by administratorsb.gives the mayor primary control over hiring and firing department headsc.has each member of the city council serving as the head of one or more of the city’s departmentsd.is characterized by a weak mayor12.Threats to police-community relationships include:a.excessive forceb.rudenessc.authoritarianismd.all of these choices13.Nowadays, perhaps the most significant threat to police-community relationships is:a.rudenessb.racial profilingc.politicsd.authoritarianism14.Which two strategies spawned a rethinking of American police?a.random patrol and problem solvingb.broken windows policing and problem solvingc.hot spots policing and CompStatd.racial profiling and proactive community building15.Who makes up the so-called “fourth branch of government?”a.citizensb.lobbying groupsccc. private securityd. d. the media CHAPTER 3 1. Which of the following is NOT a goal of the National Strategy for Homeland Security?a.prevent and disrupt terrorist attacksb.protect the American people, critical infrastructure, and key resourcesc.continue to strengthen the foundation to ensure long-term successd.pursue diplomatic relations with countries that sponsor terror2.The concept of “homeland security” is:a.self-evidentb.difficult to definec.as old as terrorism itselfd.understandable only to experts working in the field3.Which of the following is the U.S. State Department’s definition of terrorism? a.premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetuated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audienceb.the calculated use of violence or threat of violence to inculcate fear, intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies as to the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious or ideological c.the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce government, a civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives d.none of these mon threads associated with terrorism include:a.premeditationb.attacks against noncombatantsc.political agendad.all of these choices5.Which of the following is NOT a type of terrorism?a.state-sponsored terrorismb.religious terrorismc.dissent terrorismd.monotonic terrorism6.Which type of terrorism consists of terrorist acts that occur at the direction, directly or indirectly, of the state or government? a.dissent terrorismb.political terrorismc.domestic terrorismd.none of these choices7.Which of the following refers to terrorist acts that are used to facilitate crime and criminal profits?a.criminal terrorismb.political terrorismc.dissent terrorismd.state-sponsored terrorism8.Which of the following is true concerning how police departments are incorporating a homeland security focus?a.All police departments have a homeland security orientation.b.Only “big city” police departments have adopted a homeland security orientation.c.It is not clear how rapidly police departments are incorporating a homeland security focus.d.Homeland security is not of concern to local law enforcement agencies.9.To have an effective homeland security program, a police department must have:a.highly-paid administratorsb.good working relationships with the communityc.dedicated officersd.sufficient civilian staff support10.Homeland security public education programs serve to:a.reduce fearb.reduce community tensionsc.encourage people to share information with the policed.all of these choices11.Which of the following is NOT an example of critical infrastructure?a.telecommunicationsb.transportationc.churchesd.postal services12.Which term describes the duties of various federal, state, and local governments when responding to a disaster?a.layered -down responsec.coordinated responsed.national response13.Joint Terrorism Task Force members include:a.the FBIb.the U.S. Marshals Servicec.the U.S. Secret Serviced.all of these choices14.Terrorism early warning groups have been called:a.fusion centersb.intelligence centersc.terrorism prevention divisionsd.none of these choices15.Fusion centers operate primarily at what level of government?a.federalb.statec.locald.none of these choicesCHAPTER 41. The first modern police department was found in:a.New York Cityb.Paris, Francec.London, Englandd.Oslo, Norway 2.Which of the following is NOT one of Peel’s policing principles?a.The police must be stable, efficient, and organized along military lines.b.The absence of crime will best prove the efficiency of the police.c.The distribution of crime news is essential.d.The police must rely heavily on community input. 3.Which of the following are part of Peel’s policing principles? a.The securing and training of proper persons is at the root of efficiency.b.Police headquarters should be centrally located and easily accessible to the people.c.Policemen should be hired on a probationary basis.d.all of these choices 4.Traditional police organization is best described as:a.quasi-mand and controlc.hierarchicald.decentralized 5.The two individuals who had the greatest impact on classical theory were:a.Max Weber and Charles Perrowb.Max Weber and Frederick W. Taylorc.Frederick W. Taylor and Sir Robert Peeld.Max Weber and August Vollmer 6.Fredrick W. Taylor’s primary contribution was in the area of:a.bureaucracyb.scientific anizational developmentd.disciplinary functions 7.Rational man theory holds that:a.People work for rewards (money) and, when properly rewarded, are productive.b.People weigh the costs and benefits of their decisions.c.People make “knee jerk” decisions in the absence of an adequate reward system.d.none of these choices8.Weber’s principles of bureaucracy include:a.decentralizationb.specializationc.task independenced.all of these choices9.Which of the following, according to Weber, refers to a well-established system of rules and regulations detailing workers’ duties?a.specializationb.bureaucracyc.formalizationd.impersonality of management10.Hierarchy of authority is synonymous with:a.disciplinary structureb.chain of commandc.decentralized decision anizational specialization11.Which of the following refers to the number of officers or subordinates that a superior supervises without regard to the effectiveness or efficiency of that supervision?a.span of controlb.excessive layeringc.specializationd.hierarchy of authority12.Weber’s principles of management include:a.hierarchy of authorityb.unity of commandc.delegation of authorityd.all of these choices13.An overemphasis on control creates what kind of work environment?a.dysfunctionalb.one characterized by low moralec.authoritariand.efficient14.Despite criticisms, classical organization may be desirable because it:a.may provide the only reasonable structure for ordering large numbers of employeesb.focuses on accountabilityc.may provide reasonable structure and focuses on accountabilityd.none of these choices15.Which of the following statements is correct?a.All police departments adhere strictly to classical organizational principles.b.It is unclear how closely police departments adhere to classical organizational principles.c.Police departments adhere to classical organizational principles when it is convenient to do so.d.Classical organizational principles are outmoded and in need of modernization.CHAPTER 51. What kind of organization is fairly inflexible and characterized by hierarchy, formalization, and centralized authority?a.rationalb.anicd.mechanistic 2.What philosophy stresses that management is engaged in a social process that combines techniques and people to mutually benefit the organization and the employee? a.bureaucraticb.human relationsc.rational anic 3.Human relations theory resulted from the introduction of what development?a.the Hawthorne experiments in Chicagob.Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs theoryc.McGregor’s X and Y theoryd.all of these choices 4.The Hawthorne experiments considered the effect of what on worker productivity?a.lighting patternsb.employee motivationc.management anizational rules 5.Which of the following are found at the TOP of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?a.physiological needsb.security needsc.self-actualizing needsd.social needs 6.Which of the following describes the need for belonging, love, and affection?a.physiological needsb.security needsc.esteem needsd.none of these choices7.McGregor’s Theory X postulated that:a.The average man is by nature indolent.b.The average man lacks ambition.c.The average man is indifferent to organizational needs.d.all of these choices 8.Which theory implies that management must constantly control, punish, and manipulate employees?a.Theory Xb.Theory Yc.Theory Zd.none of these choices 9.According to Argyris, a mature organizational personality consists of:a.passivityb.limited behavioral optionsc.lack of self-awarenessd.none of these choices 10.When managers allow subordinates to participate in decision making and planning, particularly with regard to their own responsibilities and the operation of their own units, this is known as:-down anizational developmentc.participatory managementd.devolution11.A long-linked technology in police work is seen when:a.patrol performs the preliminary investigation of a crimeb.detectives complete the follow-up investigationc.evidence technicians collect evidence at the scened.all of these choices 12.What theory advises that organizations are embedded in an environment, and the environment places demands and pressures on the organization resulting in change in operations and structure?a.Theory Xb.human relations theoryc.contingency theoryd.participatory theory13.What theory states that organizations change not to be more effective, but to give the appearance of effectiveness?a.contingency theoryb.institutional theoryc.rational choice theoryd.linked technology theory14.What term describes the process whereby the organization replenishes itself or stores energy or resources?a.entropyb.negative entropyc.feedbackd.equifinality 15.What structure exists when activities are organized around core processes?a.vertical structureb.matrix structurec.horizontal structured.team structure ................
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