Ch 1 Getting Started with the Operating System



Chapter 1

Getting Started with the Operating System

LECTURE NOTES

|CHAPTER OUTLINE |Learning Activities |

| | |

|CHAPTER OVERVIEW |Slides 1-10 |

|Will discuss the purpose and function of an operating system. |Chapter Overview duplicated in PowerPoint slides. |

|Will identify the system configuration and version of Windows that you are | |

|using. |After completion of lecture, suggest to students that they review |

|The need and procedure for booting the system will be explained. |Objectives and Outcomes found on first page of Chapter as a check to |

|The function of, and rules for, file specifications will be explained. |see if they have mastered concepts. |

|Will discuss why Microsoft has DOS functions available to the user. | |

|Will compare and contrast data files with system files. | |

|Will explain the purpose and function of commands and then use the commands for | |

|specific tasks. | |

|Make a copy of a disk. | |

|Learn the proper way to end a work session. | |

| | |

|WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? | |

|What is an operating system? | |

|Operating system is a software program. | |

|Must load Windows OS into RAM prior to using any software programs. | |

|OS is in charge of hardware components of computer. | |

|User communicates with OS. | |

|OS runs the system. | |

|Manages input/output of computer. | |

|Manages computer resources. |SECTION 1.1 (p. 2) |

|Runs application software. |Slides 11-13 |

| | |

| |OS – software program that makes computer work. |

| |Commands - instructions OS understands |

| |--Like verbs i.e. COPY or PRINT. |

| |Wintel machines. |

| |-Uses Intel processor |

| |- Runs Windows OS |

| |Compare running computer to conducting a concert. |

| |- Hardware is like musicians & instruments. |

| |Application software is like the score |

| |- Hardware can “play” applications. |

|VERSIONS OF THE OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) |- The OS is the conductor. |

|Versions of the Operating System (OS) |Discussion Question (1) - What is an operating system? |

|New OS versions take advantage of new technology. | |

|Upgrades contain enhancements. |SECTION 1.2 (pp.2-3) |

|More functions and/or commands available. |Slides 14-15 |

|Fix problems (bugs). | |

|Each new version assigned a number. |Much of information in text applicable to most versions of Windows OS. |

|Following are/were primarily used on Personal desktop computers. |Textbook assumes Windows XP Professional installed on hard disk or the |

|First version -Windows 95 4.00.950 (released 1995). |network server. |

|95.4.00.1111 (minor release). |If students have not installed or upgraded to Windows XP Professional |

|Major update with Windows 98, Version 4.101.998. |on personal computer refer them to documentation that came with Windows|

|Next - W ME. |software so they can initiate installation or upgrade. |

|WNT Workstation – for software developers (engineers). |Good time to introduce students to your lab procedures and/or |

|WNT Server – large corporation – network administrators manage networked |instructions for work to be done at home or at the office. |

|computers with various security needs. |Windows XP Professional Edition – disabled features. |

|W2K replaced WNT Workstations. |- Backup – must be installed separately. |

|Desktop OS in Network environment. |- Multiprocessor support – not supported. |

|Stand alone OS. |- Domain based network support – not supported |

|Current version of W OS is Windows XP. |- User administration – |

|Two versions. |-----Less control over user accounts |

|Windows XP Home Edition |-----W XP Home edition can set up user accounts for multiple users on |

|Windows XP Professional |same computer and provide levels of security. |

|Two versions similar. |-----W XP Professional has a much more robust set of user account |

|Primary difference is that Windows XP Home Edition contains certain features |Administration. |

|that are disabled. |- File Encryption – not supported on NTFS formatted disk. |

|See right column for specifics. |- Remote Desktop – not supported |

|Other versions of XP |-----Feature that allows user to see desktop of another computer. |

|Designed for |- Offline files and folders not supported |

|Very fast processing of large amounts of data. |-----Feature allows copying of files from a server to a notebook |

|Server-based computing. |computer or to work offline from a server. |

|Designed to run on servers rather than workstations. Server-based computing. |- Upgrades – |

| |-----Cannot upgrade to Windows XP Home Edition from Windows NT or |

| |W2000. |

| |-----Can upgrade from W 98 or W Me to either version of Windows XP. |

| |Servers – computers that provide services to other computers on |

|OVERVIEW OF FILES AND DISKS |network. |

|Overview of Files and Disks |Discussion Question (2) -What are enhancements? |

|Disks are primary way to save data/programs permanently. | |

|Files – used to organize data for ease of retrieval. |SECTION 1.3 (pp. 3-4) |

|Office analogy. |Slides 15-17 |

|Disk file same as file folder in file cabinet. |Lose everything when computer turned off. |

|File drawer is disk. |A file is a set of related information stored on disk in “file folder |

|File cabinet is box of disks. |with a unique name. |

| | |

|FILE NAMES, FILE TYPES, AND FOLDERS | |

|File Names, File Types, and Folders | |

|File name (technically file specification). | |

|Must have a unique name. | |

|Comes in two parts. | |

|File name. | |

|Mandatory. | |

|Describes/identifies contents of file. | |

|Prior, W used (DOS) 8.3 rule. | |

|Now, file names can be maximum of 255 characters (LFN’s). |SECTION 1.4 (pp.4-6) |

|- Three letter extension (file type) remains. |Slides 18-25 |

|Consider using 8.3 rule. | |

|Some software/network OS does not recognize or have problems with long file |Naming files. |

|names. |- Short name. |

|Storing long file names takes up space. |- Descriptive name. |

|File extension. |Stress |

|Not mandatory. |- File name - mandatory |

|Identifies type of file. |- File extension – not mandatory. |

|Tells what kind of data is in file. |Discuss. |

|.EXE stands for executable code. |- 8.3 rule. |

|One to three characters. |- Other file extensions: .txt, .doc, etc. |

|Two major types of files. |Stress. |

|Program files. |- Difference between data files and program files. |

|Applications – used to solve a problem or carry out an activity. |- Information in data files generated by an application program. |

|Program files are step-by-step instructions that tell computer to “do” |- Data file can usually only be read by the application program that |

|something. |created it. |

|Fall into generic categories (word processing or spreadsheet programs). |OS does not create data files or program files, only manages them. |

|Must be placed into RAM for application programs to do work. |If possible, demonstrate a program executing. |

|When not working kept on disk. |Terms directories/subdirectories/folders used interchangeably. |

|Data files. |Stress difference between root directory and user-created |

|Information generated from specific application programs. |subdirectories. |

|Usually only application programs can read data files. | |

|Can only be used in conjunction with an application program. |Discussion Question (10) - Identify and explain the function and |

|Folders or directories. |purpose of the two parts of a file specification. |

|Technically subdirectories. | |

|Terms directory/subdirectory/folders used interchangeably. | |

|OS can divide/structure disks into directories. | |

|Allows grouping of related programs/data files for easy access. | |

|Root directory is created when disk is prepared. | |

|Primary directory. | |

|Symbol is \ (the backslash). | |

| | |

|IDENTIFYING YOUR SYSTEM CONFIGURATION | |

|Identifying Your System Configuration | |

|All computers come with disk drives: (floppy, hard/fixed, CD-ROM or DVD, | |

|removable drive i.e. ZIP). | |

|Many computer system configurations. | |

|One hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, and one floppy disk drive. | |

|One hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, one floppy disk drive, and one Zip drive.| |

|Two hard disk drives, one CD-ROM drive, and one floppy disk drive. | |

|One hard disk drive, one CD-ROM drive, one read-write CD-ROM drive, and one | |

|floppy disk drive. | |

| | |

| | |

|COMPUTER CONFIGURATION GUIDE | |

|Computer Configuration Guide | |

|Textbook based on a specific computer configuration that is most common to PC | |

|users. | |

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|BOOTING THE SYSTEM |SECTION 1.5 (p. 6) |

|Booting the System |Slide 26 |

|Moves OS programs from system disk to memory (RAM) so computer can be used. | |

|Done automatically with Windows when system is turned on. |Discuss. |

|Can boot from Drive A with bootable floppy. |- Your lab configuration. |

| |- Computer system configuration. |

| |- Any deviation from textbook-defined configuration. |

|ACTIVITY—BOOTING THE SYSTEM |Computers can be configured to suit needs of user. |

|Booting the System | |

|Activity steps. |Discussion Question (3) - Define system configuration. |

|Turn on monitor |Discussion Question (4) - List two common ways that computer systems |

|No disk in Drive A |are configured. |

|Power on computer | |

|Log onto system. | |

|Enter user name/password. |SECTION 1.6 (pp. 6-7) |

|Click OK. |Slides 27-28 |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

| |Discuss two slides |

| |--First - compares previous window versions with XP |

| |--Second – compares book to individual user set up |

| | |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.7 (pp. 7-8) |

| |Slide 29 |

| | |

| |Need to know where OS is located. |

| |Discuss if special process is needed to boot system in your lab. |

| |Discussion Question (5) - Why is it necessary to boot the system? |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.8 (pp.8-9) |

| |Slides 30-33 |

| | |

| |Review any special lab procedures and the handling of disks. |

| |Demonstrate network log on. |

| |Discuss Startup Sequence when booting from primary hard disk (See Power|

| |Slide). |

| |- BIOS |

| |Initiates POST |

| |Finds boot device |

| |Loads first physical sector of booting device into memory. |

| |- Ntldr is loaded |

| |Ntldr loads for hardware detection. |

| |- Hardware configuration selection if user is using more than one |

| |hardware. |

| |- Ntldr loads Windows Kernel Ntoskrnl.exe into memory, which also loads|

| |support files it needs. |

| |- Hardware scanning files, which ask which Plug and Play devices, are |

| |installed as well as their capabilities. |

| |- Media support files for the hard drive and other media storage |

| |devices. |

| |- Any special video drivers are loaded. |

| |- Then loads drivers for all services system supports. A service in |

| |this case refers to a program, routine or process that performs a |

| |specific system function to support other programs, particularly at a |

| |low level. (hardware). |

| |- Operating system logon process. |

| |Discussion Question (6) - How would you boot the system? |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.9 (p. 10) |

| |Slide 34 |

|SHUTTING DOWN THE SYSTEM | |

|Shutting Down the System | |

|Must shut down system properly. | |

|During shut down process Windows writes certain information to the disk. | |

|If computer just shut off: | |

|System could "Crash". | |

|May not be able to boot the next time computer is turned on. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—WINDOWS SHUT-DOWN PROCEDURE | |

|Windows Shut-Down Procedure |SECTION 1.10 (p. 10) |

|Activity steps. |Slide 35 |

|Demonstrate shutting down computer. | |

|Discuss difference between computer that automatically shuts down and one where |Discuss. |

|you turn off power switch and monitor. |- What “Click” means. |

|Activity completed. |- Lab procedure if logging off and not shutting down computer. |

| | |

|WHY DOS? | |

|Why DOS? | |

|Windows is a GUI (graphical user interface). |SECTION 1.11 (pp. 10-12) |

|Use icons, menu choices, and pictures. |Slides 36-41 |

|User friendly. | |

|DOS. |Windows will alert user to problems. |

|Character-based operating system. |- Sometimes they can be fixed at GUI level. - Other times user needs to|

|Work with prompt as C:\> |go to command line interface to identify and fix the problem. |

|Command line interface. |“DOS” is shorthand for “command line interface”. |

|Need to know command & how to use it. |Use auto analogy – DOS is like going under the hood of a car. |

|Why learn DOS? | |

|Many tasks cannot be done from GUI. | |

|Windows utility programs only run at command line help to solve problems with | |

|Windows. | |

|Other tasks accomplished easier/faster from command line prompt. | |

|Assumption that user “knows” DOS. | |

|Error messages couched in DOS terms. | |

|Some programs only run from DOS system level. | |

|Internet users use command line that is similar to DOS. | |

|Work with networks or career in network administration – rely on command line | |

|interfaces. | |

|Career in computer-related field – must know command line interface. | |

|W XP has expanded list of commands available at command line. | |

|W OS – write batch files – written, tested and run at command line interface. | |

|XP has more powerful commands available than in W ME and W98. | |

|Knowing DOS a must if working for A+ Certification. | |

| | |

|ACCESSING THE COMMAND LINE PROMPT | |

|Accessing the Command Line Prompt | |

|To use command line interface must open DOS window. | |

|Open DOS from menu or create shortcut. | |

|Do not turn off computer when in DOS window. | |

|Exit DOS Window. | |

|Follow Windows shut-down procedures. | |

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|ACTIVITY—THE COMMAND LINE PROMPT | |

|The Command Line Prompt | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Boot the system | |

|Click Start/Programs/Accessories/Command Prompt/X on title bar in right corner. | |

|Right-click desktop. | |

|Point to New. Click Shortcut. | |

|In text box, key in: C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\CMD.EXE | |

|Click Next. | |

|Key in: Command Prompt and then Click Finish. |SECTION 1.12 (pp. 12-13) |

|Double-click Command Prompt shortcut. |Slide 42 |

|Click X on title bar in right corner. | |

|Right-click Command Prompt shortcut. Click Properties. |Screen display may differ from textbook. |

|Select text in Start in: text box and Key in: C:\ |- Ignore minor differences. |

|Click OK. Double-click Command Prompt icon. |- Significant differences – note and explain. |

|Click X on title bar in right corner. | |

|Activity competed. | |

| | |

|CONTROLLING THE APPEARANCE OF THE COMMAND LINE WINDOW | |

|Controlling the Appearance of the Command Line Window | |

|Initially everything appears in window with a title bar and tool bar. | |

|Can change appearance of command-line window. |SECTION 1.13 (pp. 13-16) |

|Can use Minimize, Maximize or Restore buttons. |Slide 43 |

|Can alter size of text in the window when in window view. | |

|Can dispense with window and view command line in full screen mode. |Are there instructions for creating shortcuts in lab? |

|Use and keys to toggle (switch) between a window and full-screen |Discuss. |

|mode. |- Function of wizard. |

| |- Naming shortcuts. |

|ACTIVITY—ALTERING THE COMMAND LINE WINDOW | |

|Altering the Command Line Window | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Double-click Command Prompt shortcut. | |

|Click Minimize button on title bar. | |

|Click Command Prompt button on toolbar. | |

|Click Maximize button on title bar. | |

|Click Restore button. | |

|Click icon in upper-left corner of screen. | |

|Click Properties/Font/Cancel | |

|Key in: EXIT | |

|Activity completed. | |

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| | |

|THE DEFAULT DRIVE AND DEFAULT DIRECTORY | |

|The Default Drive and Default Directory | |

|MS-DOS prompt (command prompt). |SECTION 1.14 (p. 16) |

|Where commands are keyed in. |Slides 44-45 |

|Blinking cursor followed by the prompt. | |

|Prompt looks like C:\>_ or [C:\]_ | |

|Note: _ represents blinking cursor. | |

|Letter and colon behind greater than sign or in brackets is default drive. | |

|\ has two functions. | |

|Indicates root directory when preceded by a colon. | |

|Acts as separator between directories. | |

|Default drive and directory is your location. | |

|Where OS is currently pointing. | |

|Where OS looks to locate commands or files if no other instructions are given. | |

|Default drive and directory that is displayed at command line prompt depends on:| |

|Setup of particular computer. | |

|Number of hard drives. | |

|Current running software. | |

|Drives can be easily changed. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—CHANGING THE DEFAULT DRIVE | |

|Changing the Default Drive | |

|You should be at Windows desktop. | |

|Activity Steps | |

|Click Start/Programs/Accessories. Click Command Prompt. | |

|Insert a disk into floppy disk drive. | |

|Key in: A: | |

|Activity completed. |SECTION 1.15 (pp. 16-18) |

| |Slide 46 |

| | |

| |Discuss. |

|UNDERSTANDING COMMANDS |- ToolTips. |

|Understanding Commands |- TrueType fonts – better for use in application programs |

|Commands are programs that perform specific tasks. |- Raster (bit-mapped) fonts – clearer and sharper in a Command Prompt |

|OS commands are either internal or external. |window. |

|Internal commands. |- Why you do not turn off computer at Command Prompt. |

|When system booted - automatically loaded/stored in memory (RAM). |Review Windows shut-down procedure. |

|Built into command processor CMD.EXE. | |

|Remain in RAM as long as computer on. | |

|To use: |SECTION 1.16 (pp. 18-19) |

|Key in name at command line. |Slides 47-50 |

|Click icon. | |

|External commands. |A pointing device usually not used when in command prompt mode. |

|Stored as files on a disk. |Command prompt is character based. |

|Called external (transient commands) because they reside in a file on a disk. |Make sure students understand concept of defaults. |

|Must be read into RAM each time command is keyed in. |Most common prompts will be: |

|W2K OS used to load/execute programs. |- C:\> |

|Click/double-click program icon or choose program from menu. |- C:\WINDOWS> |

|OS first looks for program in memory. |- C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32> |

|If found loads program. |All drives use a letter followed by a colon. |

|If program not found goes to specified location including disk drive as well as | |

|directory. | |

|If icon has incorrect information Windows gives error message. | |

|All program files are external. | |

|Term "external command" reserved for group of programs that perform operating | |

|system functions. | |

|Generically referred to as command line utility files/system utility files. | |

|No icons in the MS-DOS window. | |

|To use commands must know file name. | |

|DIR command. | |

|Internal command – seek files from command line. | |

|Explorer equivalent to DIR command. | |

|“Table of Contents” of the disk. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—USING THE DIR COMMAND | |

|Using the DIR Command | |

|Note: ACTIVITIES disk in Drive A. | |

|Activity steps. | |

|Key in: DIR | |

|Activity completed. | |

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| | |

| |SECTION 1.17 (pp. 19-20) |

| |Slides 51-52 |

| | |

| |Important concepts to cover. |

|SOFTWARE VERSIONS |- Demonstrate how to properly insert disk. |

|Software Versions |- In this text C:\> will be prompt. |

|New software versions released to take advantage of new technology. |- - press Enter key. |

|Contain enhancements (more features) and fix bugs. |- Key in what follows prompt – not the prompt itself. |

|To keep track of versions, version numbers are assigned. |Refer to Configuration Table – Chapter 1.6 for correct computer |

|Major changes - whole number. |configuration. |

|Minor changes - decimal. | |

|Version numbers also assigned to OS. |SECTION 1.18 (pp. 20-21) |

|Beginning with W95 – DOS integrated into Windows OS. |Slides 53-59 |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—USING THE VER COMMAND |Discuss commands and programs. |

|Using the VER Command |Internal (resident) commands. |

|Activity steps. |- Reside in memory or inside computer. |

|Key in: VER |- Take up valuable space. |

|Activity completed. |External commands. |

| |- Reside in a file on a disk. |

|THE CLS COMMAND |Discussion Question (11) - What is the difference between a command and|

|The CLS Command |a program? |

|Clears or "refreshes" screen. |Discussion question (12) - Compare and contrast internal and external |

|Returns cursor to home position. |commands. |

|Command erases screen display not files. |Discussion Question (13) - What is the purpose of the DIR command? |

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|ACTIVITY—USING THE CLS COMMAND | |

|Using the CLS Command | |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Key in: CLS | |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

|THE DATE AND TIME COMMANDS | |

|The DATE and TIME Commands | |

|DATE and TIME set automatically when system is booted. | |

|System date and system time are the date and time the computer uses when it | |

|creates or updates files. | |

|Most computers have built-in clocks. | |

|Can change or check system DATE and TIME command by using internal DATE and TIME| |

|commands at: | |

|Command line or | |

|Time displayed at far right of task bar on Windows desktop. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—USING DATE/TIME COMMANDS AT THE COMMAND LINE | |

|Using DATE/TIME Commands at the Command Line | |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Key in: DATE. | |

|Keep date if correct. | |

|Change date using hyphen, dot, or forward slash between numbers. | |

|Key in: 12-31-02. | |

|Key in: TIME. | |

|Keep time if correct. | |

|Change time using colon between numbers. | |

|Can set hour and minutes. | |

|Can set hour, minutes, and seconds. | |

|Add p after time for p.m. – a.m. is default. | |

|Can use 24-hour clock. | |

|Key in: 23:59:59 | |

|Key in: DATE /T | |

|Key in: TIME /T | |

|Discuss why date displayed is not what was keyed in. | |

|Key in: DATE. | |

|At the prompt students key in their birth date. | |

|Key in: DATE/T. | |

|Click Close in Command Prompt window. | |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—CHANGING THE DATE AND TIME USING THE TASKBAR | |

|Changing the Date and Time Using the Taskbar | |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Right-click time display on right of taskbar. Click Adjust Date/Time. | |

|Change date, month, and time to current values. | |

|Click OK. | |

|Place mouse pointer over time in taskbar to display new day and date without |SECTION 1.19 (pp.21-22) |

|opening dialog box. |Slide 60 |

|Activity completed. | |

| |Discuss. |

|MEDIA OBJECTS: THEIR PROPERTIES AND VALUES |- Scrolling. |

|Media Objects: Their Properties and Values |- Function of DIR command. |

|To Windows, everything is an object. |Select file and show file name, file extension, size, data, and time. |

|Each object |All files listed on disk are practice files. |

|has properties and may have values. |Can be used without harming personal files. |

|can be opened. | |

|can be manipulated. |SECTION 1.20 (pp. 22-23.) |

|can have settings and parameters. |Slide 61 |

|Properties may have values. | |

|Property. |W95 replaced DOS 6.22 |

|Characteristic of object. |WMe replaced W98/95 |

|All objects of same type have same properties. |W2K P replaced WNt |

|Details about file that help identify it. |WXP Home Edition upgrade of WMe |

|Examine object's property sheet to discover information about an object in |WXP upgrade of W 2K Professional |

|Windows. |Discussion Question (14) - What is the function of the VER command? |

|Values | |

|Value of each property separates one object from another. | |

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| | |

|ACTIVITY—EXAMINING DISK PROPERTIES AND VALUES | |

|Examining Disk Properties and Values | |

|Activity Steps. |SECTION 1.21 (p.23) |

|ACTIVITIES disk in drive A: |Slide 62 |

|Open My Computer window. | |

|Right-click A drive icon. |Version number seen depends on version of Windows installed on the |

|Click Properties/Cancel |computer. |

|Close My Computer. | |

|Activity Completed. | |

| |SECTION 1.22 (p. 23) |

|ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN COPYING DISKS |Slide 63 |

|Ethical Considerations in Copying Disks |Discussion Question (15) - What is the function of the CLS command? |

|Illegal to copy a program/disk not purchased. | |

|Most software manufacturers allow/encourage making backup copies. |SECTION 1.23 (p. 23) |

|To be both legal and ethical you must have purchased the program. |Slide 64 |

|Can copy bought CD program if you have recording CD-ROM drive. | |

|Illegal to record CD you did not purchase. |Screen cleared and C:\> is back in upper left-hand corner. |

|Next activity students will copy ACTIVITIES disk and work from the copy. | |

|Discuss why. |SECTION 1.24 (pp. 23-24) |

|Whenever possible and legal, always work from a copy not the original. |Slides 65-66 |

| | |

|MAKING A COPY OF THE ACTIVITIES DISK: DISKCOPY |Emphasize that many application programs use system date and time. |

|Making a Copy of the ACTIVITIES Disk: DISKCOPY. |Discussion Question (16) - How can you set the date and time? |

|Making backup copy. | |

|For exact copy of a disk must use like media. | |

|Type and capacity. | |

|DISKCOPY. | |

|Program used to make backup copy of floppy disk. | |

|Only works on floppy disks of identical media types and capacity. | |

|Before it copies disk it formats it. | |

|External command. | |

|Stored as a file called in WINDOWS\SYSTEM32 OR WINNT\SYSTEM32 | |

|SUBDIRECTORY. | |

|Cannot copy from hard disk to floppy disk or vice versa. | |

| |SECTION 1.25 (pp. 24-26) |

|ACTIVITY—USING DISKCOPY |Slide 57 |

|Using DISKCOPY |Warning: If you are logged onto a DOMAIN be SURE and return the date |

|Note: Any special procedures in your lab? |and time to the current date and time before you shut down. If you do |

|Activity steps. |not do this, you may not be able to log onto that station. |

|On new label write “ACTIVITES Disk—Working Copy” and your name. Attach label to |Stress how important format is. |

|a new disk. |Clock always running. |

|Place textbook ACTIVITIES disk that came with text in Drive A. |/T parameter with DATE and TIME commands displays system date and time.|

|Open Command Prompt window and key in: CD \WINNT\SYSTEM32. |Take some students' future birthdays and identify on what day of the |

|Key in: DISKCOPY A: A: |week they will occur. |

|Press . |Discussion Question (17) - How do you set the time when using the TIME |

|Remove master ACTIVITIES disk from Drive A and insert the new blank disk |command? |

|Press . | |

|Press N and . | |

|Close Command Prompt window. | |

|Activity completed. | |

| | |

|HOW TO END THE WORK SESSION | |

|How to End the Work Session | |

|Can end at almost any time. | |

|Anything saved on disk will not be lost. | |

|Must exit Windows properly and completely. | |

| |SECTION 1.26 (pp. 26-27) |

| |Slide 68 |

| | |

|ACTIVITY—ENDING THE WORK SESSION |Discuss. |

|Ending the Work Session |- Spin box. |

|Note: Any special lab instructions? |- Drop-down list box. |

|Activity Steps. | |

|Close any open windows, including Command Prompt window. | |

|Click Start/Shut Down. | |

|Click OK. | |

|Follow shut down procedure. | |

|If necessary turn off monitor and system unit. | |

|Activity completed. | |

| |SECTION 1.27(pp. 27-28) |

| |Slides 69-72 |

| | |

| |Display property sheet by right clicking on object icon and choosing |

| |Properties from shortcut menu. |

| |Value example: |

| |- Humans (objects) have names (property). Value (specific name of |

| |person) differentiates one object of same type (human) to another |

| |object of the same type (human). |

| | |

| |Discussion Question (7) - What is an object? |

| |Discussion Question (8) - What is a property? |

| |Discussion Question (9) - What is a value? |

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| |SECTION 1.28 (pp. 28-30) |

| |Slides 73-75 |

| | |

| |Discuss. |

| |- Left/right views of My Computer. |

| |Identify type of drive by its icon. |

| |- Properties of ACTIVITIES disk. |

| | |

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| |SECTION 1.29 (p. 30) |

| |Slides 76-77 |

| | |

| |Stress ethics - that no one can "give" student a program. |

| |Discuss reasons for working with a copy of a disk rather than the |

| |original disk. |

| |Discussion Question (18) - What is the purpose of making a backup copy |

| |of a program? |

| |Discussion Question (19) - Why should you work with a copy of a program|

| |rather then with the original? |

| | |

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| | |

| |SECTION 1.30 (p. 30) |

| |Slides 78-79 |

| | |

| |Stress the following: |

| |- Legality of copying programs. |

| |- Using identical media types. |

| | |

| |Discussion Question (20) - Why is it important to know what type of |

| |media you are using when copying disks? |

| |Discussion Question (21) - What is the purpose of the DISKCOPY command?|

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| |SECTION 1.31 (pp. 31-33) |

| |Slides 80-81 |

| | |

| |If necessary, refer to configuration table to locate correct directory.|

| |Remind students that DISKCOPY is stored as file called in |

| |WINNT\SYSTEM32 subdirectory or Windows\System32. |

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| |SECTION 1.32(p. 33) |

| |Slide 82 |

| | |

| |If students stop in middle of an Activity they must remember what |

| |prompt was when they stopped so they will be able to return to prompt |

| |when they begin again. |

| | |

| | |

| |SECTION 1.33 (pp. 33-34) |

| |Slide 83 |

| | |

| |Describe your lab procedures if they are different from the textbook |

| |procedures. |

| |Discuss any log off procedures if on network. |

| |Discussion Question (22) - What are the necessary steps to ending a |

| |work session? |

| | |

| | |

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