Oracle sql substring in where clause

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Oracle sql substring in where clause

Introduction to SQL INSTR() INSTR() is a string function in standard query language (SQL) which returns the starting position or location of a substring or pattern in the given input string. The INSTR() function is specific to Oracle/PL and MYSQL. However, other SQL database servers like PostgreSQL, SQL server support string functions to determine the location of a substring, but they differ a little bit in syntax. The function similar to INSTR() in PostgreSQL is SUBSTRING() function while in SQL server we have CHARINDEX() function. SQL INSTR() function returns the first occurrence of a substring in an input string. It is a case sensitive function in ORACLE/ PL SQL. It is not case sensitive in MYSQL as we will see in the examples below. Syntax and Parameters of SQL INSTR() In this section, we will be discussing the syntax of INSTR() function in ORACLE/ PL SQL and similar functions in other SQL databases. ORACLE/ PL SQL: INSTR (string, pattern) MYSQL: INSTR (string, pattern) SQL SERVER: CHARINDEX(pattern, string, start) All the above-mentioned functions perform the same task. They take a pattern or substring and the input string and return the position of the pattern or substring in the input string. The parameters used in the above syntaxes as follows: String: Mention the input string in which the pattern or substring will be located. Pattern: Mention the substring or words whose first occurrence has to be located. The function in postgreSQL is a bit different as it lets us extract the specified substring or pattern from the given input string based on the starting and ending location. The syntax for the same is as follows: POSTGRESQL: SUBSTRING ( string ,start_position, length) Examples: Here are a few examples to illustrate the syntax and use of the INSTR() function in MYSQL. In order to do so, let us first create an `Actors' table which contains actor id, his/her name, movie and the city where they live for demonstration purposes. We can use the following SQL statements to perform the task. CREATE TABLE Actors ( ActorID int, LastName varchar(255), FirstName varchar(255), MovieName varchar(255), City varchar(255) ); Having created the `Actors' table, let us now feed some information into the table columns using insert statements as shown below. INSERT INTO Actors VALUES (11,'Hanks','Tom', 'Sully','Los Angeles'), (12,'Blunt','Emily','Girl on the train','New York'), (13,'Hathway','Anne', 'Devil wears Parada','Los Angeles'), (14,'Palkar','Mithila','Girl in the city','Mumbai'), (15,'Affleck','Ben','Gone Girl','Los Angeles'); select * from Actors; The data in the table after insertion operation looks something like this : Examples to Implement SQL INSTR() Now let's first have a look at how INSTR() function actually works in MYSQL using some very simple examples as follows. Example #1 Simple SQL queries to demonstrate basic working of INSTR() function. SELECT INSTR ('FirstTestString','Test')as INSTR_TABLE; Similarly, let us look at one more example to check if INSTR() is case sensitive or not in MYSQL. SELECT INSTR('girl on the train','THE') as Position; It is not case sensitive in MYSQL. But please note that INSTR() function is case sensitive in ORACLE/PL SQL database servers. In the above example, we can note that blankspaces in between are also counted. Going ahead, we will be practicing more examples based on the `Actors' table which we have just created. Example #2 Find the place of the first occurence of word `Girl' in the movie names present in the Actors database. SELECT MovieName, INSTR(MovieName,'Girl') as Position FROM Actors; We can observe in the above example that the word `girl' is not present in the movies `Sully' and `Devil wears Prada', hence we got `0' index for them. While for the rest of them we have received the first location/ position of `girl' in the name of the movie. Example #3 Find the names of movies and the actors who acted in them, where the movie names start with the word `Girl'. This example is primarily to demonstrate the use of INSTR() function in WHERE clause. SELECT MovieName, FirstName, LastName FROM Actors WHERE INSTR(MovieName,'Girl') = 1; Here in this example, we tried to use the INSTR() function in the WHERE clause part of the SQL query. The function returns the starting location of the word `Girl' in the movie names and then WHERE clause filters the movie names based on the location. Example #4 Find the names of movies and the actors who acted in them, where the starting location word `Girl' is at the 6th or lesser index. This example is primarily to demonstrate use of INSTR() function in HAVING clause. SELECT MovieName, FirstName, LastName FROM Actors HAVING INSTR(MovieName,'Girl') < 6; But here there is on problem, the movie names with no occurrence of word `Girl' also made it to the final results. We can customize it further in the HAVING or WHERE clause part of the query as shown below. SELECT MovieName, FirstName, LastName FROM Actors WHERE INSTR(MovieName,'Girl') != 0 HAVING INSTR(MovieName,'Girl') < 6; Now we can observe that the irrelevant movies like Sully and Devil wears Prada with no occurrence of the word `Girl' has been removed and only the movie names having starting location of word `Girl' at 6th or lesser index is kept. Recommended Articles This is a guide to SQL INSTR(). Here we also discuss the Introduction and syntax and parameters of sql instr() along with different examples and its code implementation. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more ? PostgreSQL COALESCE MySQL IN Operator PostgreSQL Boolean Python SQLite The process of data refactoring is common and vital in data mining operations. The SQL string functions are considered most suitable for data wrangling with the SQL server. One of the frequently used SQL string functions includes substring () to return the needed portion of a string.We all agree that data stored in the database needs transformation and SQL string functions are taken most suitable for the data transformation. In this blog, we will discuss in detail SQL Substring function and how it is used with different database clauses like SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY etc.The Substring function in the SQL is used to return the portion of a string. Each database has its own way to execute this function. MySQL ? SUBSTR (), SUBSTRING () Oracle - SUBSTR () SQL Server - SUBSTRING () The basic syntax for SQL Substring is given as below ? Expression: It could be character, binary, text, or image format. Start: It is an integer value that specifies the initial value which can be extracted by characters from the given expression. The first position always starts with the integer 1 and it could never be a negative integer value. Length: It is the optional parameter that returns the size of the string that you want to retrieve. If the length is not specified then it returns the rest of the string by default. Things to Remember: It is clear from the discussion that start controls the initial position of the substring. If the value of start is less than 1 then length is decremented by the corresponding value, if start value is 0, the value of length is diminished by 1, if the start value is 1, the value of length is diminished by 2. The value of length controls the size of the substring.Read: SQL Developer Resume Template Sample ? Complete Guide for Fresher If the value of length is 1 or greater than 1, the substring ends to the right of starting position. If the value of length is greater than the remaining characters in a string, the substring is traversed to the right through the endpoint. If the length is specified zero then the NULL value is returned. If the length is the negative number then the cache will issue the 140-error. Keep in mind that SQL function traversal is always from Left to Right.How to use SUBSTRING () and SUBSTR () in different ways with the SQL Server? Substring function can be used to convert the floating point to integers by truncating the fractional portion. Substring function is used to extract the substring from the beginning while SUBSTR () function is used to extract the substring either from the beginning or end. Keep in mind that both these functions handle arguments differently. Substring function can be used with characters stream data while SUBSTR () function cannot be used with characters stream data. Substring function can be used as an ODBC scalar function or as an SQL general function. Return Data Types If the substring argument value is Null then it returns Null. If the substring return data type is same that of string-expression then it allows substring function to handle multiple user-defined data types with the special encoding. Specified expression Return type char/varchar/text varchar nchar/nvarchar/ntext nvarchar binary/varbinary/image varbinary If the return data type is not the same that of string-expression then substring return value could be anything like floating points or fractional numbers. SQL Substring ? Real-world Scenarios In this section, we will discuss some real-world scenarios using SQL string functions. Let us get our hands dirty and dive deep to see more actions. Using Substring with the "SELECT" Clause Here is the simple example that returns the portion of a string at the initial position 1 and extracts 5 characters from the starting point. The SQL substring function is quite useful when you want to extract characters to a certain limit.Read: How to Add A New Column to a Table in SQL? SELECT firstname, SUBSTRING(firstname, 1, 5), lastname FROM Person.Person; Using Substring with the "WHERE" Clause Here, we will check how to return the selected portion of a character string. SELECT name, SUBSTRING(name, 1, 1) AS Initial , SUBSTRING(name, 3, 2) AS ThirdAndFourthCharacters FROM sys.databases WHERE database_id < 5; From sys.databases table, this query returns the name of the database in the first column, the initial letter of the database in the second column, and the third or fourth characters in the final column. The result set is displayed as given below. name Initial ThirdAndFourthCharacters master m st tempdb t mp model m de msdb m db Using Substring with "Order by" Clause Let us understand the concept of the substring in the easiest way with the help of a table Geography. Table Geography Region_Name Store_Name East Chicago East New York West Los Angeles West San Diego Here, we can arrange the store name as per the requirement in any order. For example ? SELECT Store_Name FROM Geography ORDER BY SUBSTR (Store_Name, 2, 4); In this query, the store_id 4 is placed at the top then second, first, and third. The result set for the query is given below. Store_Name San Diego New York Chicago Los Angeles Using substring function to work with date and time With the substring function, the input values can be truncated using the CHARINDEX function to get the data and time. And the derived string is typecast to date-time values to compare with other time-date values. Here, it is compared against the GETDATE () function. With this code, it is easy to find the initial position and covert the data type to the required format or cast functions. With the CHARINDEX function, locate the position of "/" in the string. Once you find the position, subtract the value by 3 to get the initial value for the Substring function. Similarly, the search is performed to locate the final position of ", (comma)" in the string. In this way, you can yield the date and time value for the given strings. The final output is given below. Read: SQL Operators You Need to Know Using Substring to create a simple sub-select In the SQL server, a sub-select is the nested SELECT statement. In the SQL, the final output of a select statement is a table effectively. It usually exists in memory but can be always used as a table based on the convenience. Here, we will see how to transform columns using substring function and use it as a table for the SQL join statement. Look at the temp table below where the first two characters in the column represent a state and the last four characters show the state code. In the same way, when we analyze the second column, the first two characters in the column represent the country and the last four characters show the country code. With the SQL substring function, these two columns can be parsed and transformed effectively into four new columns that can be used similarly to a table in the database. The parsed table look more meaningful than the previous one as shown below. Wrapping Up:In this blog, we have discussed multiple examples of SQL Substring function and how it can be used to manipulate data in your database or the result set. It makes sure that the output of SQL query is formatted well as per your expectations or business requirements. Further, there are different ways to transform the data that can be used over others.Here, we have used SUBSTRING function for your reference but it is not the single option but we can use more as per the scenario. In a few cases, data volume, database performance, and the version of SQL server define the best option to manipulate or transform the data.I hope you enjoyed reading this blog and learned something new to use in a job environment. To learn more similar concepts on SQL server, join SQL certification course online at JanBask Training and get ready to become a database expert right away. Read: Different Types of SQL Server & SQL Database Functions Upcoming Class 8 days 11 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 1 day 04 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 8 days 11 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 2 days 05 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 1 day 04 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 8 days 11 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 1 day 04 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 8 days 11 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 8 days 11 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 8 days 11 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 1 day 04 Jun 2021 Upcoming Class 1 day 04 Jun 2021

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