Name __________________________________ Period _____ Date ...



Name __________________________________ Period _____ Date __________ Score _______

CHAPTER 4 - THE GREAT ENCOUNTER

The interaction between the American Indians and the explorers and fur trappers on the Utah

frontier might be called the “Great Encounter.”

The Spanish Come to Utah

It all started when Columbus convinced the king and queen of Spain to give his ships to explore

a new route to China.

Unfortunately, he and his crews, brought new diseases to the continent.

They set up colonies in Mexico, and started Catholic missions in California, Arizona, and New

Mexico.

They began using the Indians as slaves in their mines and fields.

Juan Rivera and his group crossed into what is now Monticello about 1765.

They went all the way to what is now Moab.

The fur trappers came after the explorers and government explorers crossed after them on their

way to California and Oregon.

Later, Mormon pioneers, business people, and the federal army came.

All brought new diseases.

The American Indian had to change their lifestyle.

Many had to move to reservations or mix their culture with the newcomers.

Two Catholic priests, Dominguez and Escalante along with 12 Spanish colonials and a map

maker named Miera, were sent to find a better route from Santa Fe, New Mexico to Monterey,

California.

They avoided Arizona because of the hostile Indian tribes there and went farther North.

The route doesn’t seem the best way but they didn’t have a map.

Miera drew his map of the region making land measurements by using a quadrant and the

North Star.

Without their two Indian guides, Silvestre and Joaquin, the priests may not have made it out

alive.

Escalante wrote a diary or journal and told of the friendly Timpanogots.

He told about how they were the first Europeans they had seen and that they had no horses,

guns, or metal pots.

An early winter stopped the explorers from going on to Monterey.

On their way back to Santa Fe, the Grand Canyon stopped them. They place where they finally

crossed is now covered by Lake Powell.

The Indian people saw the whites as a resource for goods they wanted.

Chief Walkara was somewhat of a renegade

He was an excellent horseman and hunter and

took what he wanted. Walkara spoke his

native language, Spanish and English.

The Spanish Trail cut a roundabout path through Utah.

Archaeology demonstrates that some stretches of the old trail were used by Archaic and

Fremont peoples

Indian woolen goods were traded for horses and mules.

Traders also swapped animals for Indians to be used as slaves. The slave trade was strongest

in the 1830s and 1840s.

In the early 1800s, trappers followed Indian trails across the Rockies into Oregon.

They were called Mountain Men. About 3,000 men went west to trap.

They dressed like the Indians in shirts and trousers made of leather.

When they had too many furs to carry with them, they dug a hole, hid the furs, and covered

the hole with dirt, large rocks, and brush. This hole was called a Cache.

When they met together with other mountain men and Indians and their families.

It was a major event. This event was called a rendezvous.

A “pelt” was the animal skin

with the fur still attached.

The rendezvous was usually managed by large fur-trading companies who bought the furs

and sold supplies to the mountain men.

Thick beaver pelts sold for about $10 each. Today that would be about $100.

In the early 1800s Europeans wore felt hats

made of the fur from the beaver’s belly

to produce the soft nap needed.

Mountain men sometimes spent the winters with the Indians and some even married Indian

women.

Often, however, they Indians didn’t want the trappers around because they disturbed their

way of life. They would drive off the trappers and take their horses and furs.

For a long time, we thought the mountain men were a positive thing. Now, we can see the

costs as well as the benefits.

It was a commercial venture with no particular love of nature or respect for Indian ways.

When the animals were gone from one place, the hunters moved to another.

The beaver population in Europe was almost completely wiped out.

Who Were the Trappers?

There were three main groups:

1) the British

the Hudson’s Bay Company followed the Bear River to Bear Lake

and then into Cache Valley and later to Ogden Valley (named after Peter

Skene Ogden who worked for this group.)

2) Americans

the Ashley-Henry Fur Company found the Green River and other places in

Wyoming. Jim Bridger, Jedediah Smith, Jim Beckwourth, John Weber, and

Jim Clyman worked for this company.

3) Trappers from New Mexico included Etienne Provost and Antoine Robidoux.

4) Joseph Walker and Osborn Russell also trapped and explored in Utah.

Peter Skene Ogden led trappers into the Cache Valley and Ogden regions.

Ogden said the land was swarming with huge black crickets and the air was filled with seagulls.

Jim Bridger was a great storyteller.

He followed the Bear River in a bullboat until it flowed into the Great Salt Lake. He thought it

was the Pacific Ocean.

After his trapping days were over, he stayed at his trading post in Wyoming.

Jedediah Smith was one of Ashley’s leaders.

He is the one that is famous for his fight with a bear. He was a respected leader of other trappers

and was the first to travel across Utah’s length and width.

He proved that there was no river flowing from the Great Salt Lake into the Pacific Ocean.

He was prejudiced against the Indian people and was eventually killed by the Comanche Indians.

James Beckwourth was also with Ashley’s men. He was an explorer, miner, army scout,

and business man.

He was born a slave and was moved to Missouri to avoid slavery.

The Crow Indians adopted him.

Etienne Provost guided expeditions into the valleys and established Indian trading posts along

the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake.

Provost is also given the fame of being the first mountain man to see the Great Salt Lake.

He was involved in an Indian ambush. He and a few men escaped.

This was the first reported clash between American Indians and non-Indians in Utah.

Antoine Robidoux built Fort Robidoux in the Uinta Basin.

Joseph R. Walker was a trapper who later worked as a guide for pioneer groups.

The trail he established became the main route for emigration to California.

After about 20 years, by the early 1840s, trapping was over.

Some stayed and ran trading forts and stores.

When the first pioneers arrived in the Great Basin, only one mountain man, Miles Goodyear,

was still trapping in Utah. He had a fort in Ogden called Fort Buenaventura.

The contact between the explorers and trappers and the American Indians changed the lifestyle

of the Indians forever.

Instead of hunting for only what they needed, the Indians killed more and more animals to

trade with the whites.

By the end of this period of time, the balance of power had shifted from native peoples to

the newcomers.

Government Explorers Came Later

More precise knowledge and mapping came later the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical

Engineers sent explorers to the West.

They were followed by men from the U.S. Geological Survey.

Government explorers included John C. Fremont (who married the daughter of Senator Benton

and go exploration trips as a result); Captain Howard Stansbury, Captain John W. Gunnison, and

later, Major John Wesley Powell.

Fremont’s adventures included several errors.

One error was that the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake were the same lake.

This was one of the reasons the Mormons migrated to the area.

He did take accurate measurements of Utah’s altitude, collected soil samples, and wrote

descriptions of the land and plant life.

Gunnison and Stansbury were sent to survey the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake.

Gunnison was sent back to find the best route for the new transcontinental railroad.

Gunnison and six of his men were killed by Indians out for revenge.

Gunnison’s expeditions is credited with major achievements:

1). They established another southern wagon road to California

2). They established a military road that the US Army later used to come into Utah

3). They determined that a railroad route should go through Wyoming and northern Utah.

Not central Utah.

Fremont was a military leader that made 5

expeditions in the West. He was nicknamed

“Pathfinder.” Some say he didn’t really find

paths but used those found by others.

Name __________________________________ Period _____ Date __________ Score _______

CHAPTER 4 - THE GREAT ENCOUNTER

The interaction between the American _______ and the _________ and ___________ on the

Utah frontier might be called the “Great Encounter.”

The Spanish Come to Utah

It all started when Columbus convinced the king and queen of Spain to give his ships to explore

a new route to _____.

Unfortunately, he and his crews, brought new ________ to the continent.

They set up ________ in Mexico, and started Catholic ________ in California, Arizona, and

New Mexico.

They began using the Indians as ______ in their mines and fields.

Juan Rivera and his group crossed into what is now Monticello about ____.

They went all the way to what is now ____.

The _________ came first, then the fur trappers and __________ explorers came after them on

their way to California and Oregon.

Later, Mormon pioneers, business people, and the federal army came. All brought new

________.

The American Indian had to change their _________.

Many had to move to ____________ or mix their culture with the newcomers culture.

Two Catholic priests, _________ and _________ along with 12 Spanish colonials and a map maker named _____, were sent to find a better route from Santa Fe, New Mexico to

Monterey, California.

They avoided _______ because of the hostile Indian tribes there and went farther North.

The route doesn’t seem the best way but they didn’t have a ___.

Miera drew his map of the region making land measurements by using a ________ and the

_____ ____.

Without their two ______ guides, named _________ and _______, the priests may not have

made it out alive.

Escalante wrote a _____ or journal and told of the friendly ___________.

He told about how they were the first Europeans they had seen and that they had no horses,

guns, or metal pots.

An early ______ stopped the explorers from going on to Monterey.

On their way back to Santa Fe, the _____ ______ stopped them. The place where they finally

crossed is now covered by Lake Powell.

The Indian people saw the whites as a resource for _____ they wanted.

Chief Walkara was somewhat of a _______

He was an excellent horseman and hunter and

took what he wanted. Walkara spoke his

native language, _______ and _______.

The Spanish Trail cut a roundabout path through ____.

Archaeology demonstrates that some stretches of the old trail were used by _______ and

_______ peoples

Indian woolen goods were traded for ______ and _____.

Traders also swapped animals for _______ to be used as slaves. The slave trade was strongest in

the 1830s and 1840s.

In the early 1800s, trappers followed ______ ______ across the Rockies into Oregon.

They were called ________ ___. About _____ men went west to trap.

They dressed like the Indians in shirts and trousers made of _______.

When they had too many furs to carry with them, they dug a hole, hid the furs, and covered the

hole with dirt, large rocks, and brush. This hole was called a _____.

When they met together with other mountain men and Indians and their families, it was a major

event. This event was called a __________.

A “pelt” was the animal skin

with the ___ still attached.

The rendezvous was usually managed by large fur-trading companies who bought the ____ and

sold ________ to the mountain men.

Thick beaver pelts sold for about ___ each. Today that would be about $100.

In the early 1800s Europeans wore felt hats

made of the fur from the beaver’s _____

to produce the soft nap needed.

Mountain men sometimes spent the winters with the _______ and some even married Indian

women.

Often, however, they Indians didn’t want the trappers around because they disturbed their way

of life. They would _____ ___ the trappers and take their horses and furs.

For a long time, we thought the mountain men were a positive thing. Now, we can see the costs

as well as the benefits.

It was a commercial venture with no particular love of ______ or respect for ______ ____.

When the animals were gone from one place, the hunters moved to another.

The beaver population in Europe was almost completely _____ ___.

Who Were the Trappers?

There were three main groups:

1) the British

the ________ ___ Company followed the Bear River to Bear Lake

and then into Cache Valley and later to Ogden Valley (named after Peter

Skene Ogden who worked for this group.)

2) Americans

the ______-_____ Fur Company found the _____ River and other places in

Wyoming. Jim Bridger, Jedediah Smith, Jim Beckwourth, John Weber, and

Jim Clyman worked for this company.

3) Trappers from New Mexico included Etienne _______ and Antoine Robidoux.

4) Joseph Walker and Osborn Russell also trapped and explored in Utah.

Peter Skene Ogden led trappers into the _____ ______ and Ogden regions.

He said the land was swarming with huge black ________ and the air was filled with ________.

Jim Bridger was a great storyteller.

He followed the Bear River in a bullboat until it flowed into the _____________. He thought it

was the Pacific Ocean.

After his trapping days were over, he stayed at his trading post in _______.

Jedediah Smith was one of ________ leaders.

He is the one that is famous for his fight with a bear. He was a respected leader of other trappers

and was the first to travel across Utah’s ______ and _____.

He proved that there was no river flowing from the Great Salt Lake into the Pacific Ocean.

He was __________ against the Indian people and was eventually killed by the Comanche

Indians.

James Beckwourth was also with Ashley’s men. He was an explorer, miner, army scout, and

business man.

He was born a _____ and was moved to Missouri to avoid slavery.

The _____ Indians adopted him.

Etienne Provost guided expeditions into the valleys and established Indian _______ _____ along

the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake.

Provost is also given the fame of being the first mountain man to see the Great Salt Lake.

He was involved in an Indian ambush. He and a few men escaped.

This was the _____ reported clash between American Indians and non-Indians in Utah.

Antoine Robidoux built Fort ________ in the Uinta Basin.

Joseph R. Walker was a trapper who later worked as a guide for pioneer groups.

The trail he established became the main route for emigration to __________.

After about ______ years, by the early 1840s, trapping was over.

Some stayed and ran trading forts and stores.

When the first pioneers arrived in the Great Basin, only one mountain man, _____ ________,

was still trapping in Utah. He had a fort in Ogden called Fort ____________.

The contact between the explorers and trappers and the American Indians changed the

_________ of the Indians forever.

Instead of hunting for only what they needed, the Indians killed more and more animals

to _____ with the whites.

By the end of this period of time, the balance of power had shifted from ______ peoples to

the _________.

Government Explorers Came Later

More precise knowledge and mapping came later the U.S. Army Corps of _____________

_________ sent explorers to the West.

They were followed by men from the U.S. __________ ______.

Government explorers included John C. Fremont (who married the daughter of Senator Benton and go exploration trips as a result); Captain Howard Stansbury, Captain John W. Gunnison,

and later, Major John Wesley Powell.

Fremont’s adventures included several ______.

One was that the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake were the same lake.

This was one of the reasons the Mormons migrated to the area.

He did take accurate measurements of Utah’s ________, collected ____ samples, and wrote

descriptions of the ____ and _____ life.

Gunnison and Stansbury were sent to survey the Great Salt Lake and ____ ____.

Gunnison was sent back to find the best route for the new transcontinental railroad.

Gunnison and six of his men were killed by Indians out for _______.

Gunnison’s expeditions is credited with major achievements:

1). They established another southern _____ ____ to California

2). They established a ________ ____ that the US Army later used to come into Utah

3). They determined that a railroad route should go through _______ and ________

_____. Not central Utah.

Fremont was a military leader that made ____

expeditions in the West. He was nicknamed

“__________.” Some say he didn’t really find

paths but used those found by others.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download