Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences Karnataka



RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE,

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF structured teaching programme REGARDING THE KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF ORGAN DONATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SELECTED PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGES AT KOLAR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA.

[pic]

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION.

MRS. REMYA MATHAI.

A.E. & C.S. PAVAN COLLEGE OF NURSING, KOLAR

KARNATAKA

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE,

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

| | | |

|1 |NAME OF THE CANDIDATE |MRS. REMYA MATHAI |

| | | |

|2 |NAME OF THE INSTITUTION |A.E. & C.S. PAVAN COLLEGE OF NURSING |

| | | |

|3 |COURSE OF STUDY & SUBJECT |M.SC., NURSING Ist YEAR PEDIATRIC NURSING |

| | | |

|4 |DATE OF ADMISSION INTO COURSE |06/06/ 2012 |

| | |A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STP REGARDING THE |

|5 |TITLE OF THE TOPIC |ATTITUDE AND KNOWLEDGE OF ORGAN DONATION AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN |

| | |SELECTED PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGES AT KOLAR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA. |

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION

“WHAT YOU LEAVE BEHIND IS NOT WHAT IS ENGRAVED IN STONE MONUMENTS, BUT WHAT IS WOVEN INTO THE LIVES OF OTHERS.”

“ PERICLES”

For all those who are born, there is one event which is certain and inevitable and that is death. Yet we all live as we are immortal when faced with death in the family or in the cause of professional work we are completely unprepared and rudely shocked out of our illusions. Organ donation is a born to medical industry as it has helped in saving the lives of those who would have died otherwise. There is a great need for human organs for transplantation. In fact, the need for exceeds the supply of transplantable organs. There are several reasons for the shortage of organs. Perhaps the most common is that people are hesitant to donate organs because they don’t have adequate knowledge regarding it. In other case people don’t wishes to donate his or her organs may be due to the false beliefs surrounding organ donation. There has been lack of initiative from the government after the organ transplantation act was passed so there is a great need for education and motivation both from the part of people as well as government since main reason for organ shortage is just because of improper or incomplete knowledge of people in donating their organ.1

In 1994, the government of India passed the transplantation of Human organs Act legalized the concept of brain death and for the first time facilitated organ procurement from heart beating, brain dead donors. However this concept has not caught on well in India for want of public education and awareness this is turn is perpetuating the commercial sale of human organs due to the widening gap between the demand and supply. Thousands of lives are lost in India annually from heart and liver failure since transplantation of unpaired organs like heart, liver and pancreas is either difficult or impossible from living donors this is only possible on a large scale if these organs are available from cadaver donors.2

Medical science is expanding its horizons by leaps and bounds and edging towards hence successes by unveiling God’s miraculous mystery – Human being & Primarily human body. In case any of the organs of the human body fails to function, medical science can extend its functioning for some time, but when an end stage failure is reached, just like a machine whose parts are changed, the failed organ needs to be replaced. There are millions of needy patients all over the world who suffer from various end stage organ failures and whose lives can be saved only by the timely replacement of the failed organ.2

Human to human (allogencie) transplantation of cell tissue and organs has become the best treatment and often the only for a wide range of fatal disease. Transplantation has been increasing over the previous decades. However, the human organ of the therapeutic material entails the potential for safety and ethical violation. One of the miraculous discoveries of medical science has brought a ray of hope in the lives of these needy patients by transplanting these functioning organs from the bodies of brain dead patients to these patient. This is cadaver organ transplantation.2

Whenever there is an injury to the brain stem or intracranial haemorrhage the patient goes into coma. The brain is the utmost important organ of the body and an irreversible damage to the same leads to the death of the living being but other internal organ remain functional.2

Though the advances in medical science have made transplantation of v ital human organs possible, millions of people in India lose their lives because the donor are not available in adequate numbers. More than 150,000 people are diagnosed with end stage kidney disease every year in India. However, not more than a few thousand transplants are performed every year and the patients are forced to survive on dialysis.3

There is a district lack of awareness among the general public in India about how immensely beneficial donating organs can prove to be for the recipients and their families. Most of the people needing transplantation belong to the young and middle age groups. Hence donating vital organs to a person belonging to these age groups can save a whole family from being ruined. There is also superstition and among people that by donating organs, they will be born deformed and disfigured in their next birth.3

Hence urgent action is required on several fronts if the acute shortage of human organs in India has to be met. Awareness should be increased about the benefits of organ donations through the means of mass communication and superstitions among people should be fought by the way of religious injunctions.3

6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

“DON’T TAKE YOUR ORGANS TO HEAVEN FOR GOD KNOWN’S THEY ARE NEEDED HERE, YOU HAVE THE POWER TO DONATE LIFE.”

Organ transplantation is one of the most spectacular endeavors till date. Medical advances have contributed tremendously to its success ratio and have led to a significant increase in the number of transplants being performed. But there is a shortage for organs and low response to cadaver organ donation. The shortage or organs has been due to the relectance of many family members to donate due to the fear of surgery causing loss to their health, smaller nuclear families with unmatchable donors and a deceased donor programme that is still to evolve fully.2

Though the first cadaver organ transplant was conducted nearly five years age in Karnataka, such donations still remain a sporadic event in the state. Even cricketer Anil Kumble’s decision to pledge his organ to society to the society in case of brain death has not motivated the programme. There are over 1.5lakh people in need of kidneys in the country, over one lakh need liver and nearly 50,000 need heart transplant.2

Each day an average of 75 people receive organ transplants, However, an average of 20 people died each day waiting for transplants that can’t take place because of the shortage of donated organs. In November 2010, the national waiting list was 45% white, 29% Black, 18% Hispanic and 6% Asian. In 2007 there were almost 2.5 million deaths in US due to shortage of organs. 105,567 people is in waiting list, 28,463 transplants took place, diseased and living donors are 14,630.2

India, however, slips to the 40th rank in study of 69 countries in terms of number of transplants per million population, with only three in a million getting the kidney in case of a renal failure according to a new report of the kidney international the journal of international society of Nephrology, 3,200 transplants took place in India. Sunil Shraff, managing trustee of the support. Group multi organ Harvesting Aid network foundation in Chennai institutes, the number of transplants per year to being the range of 3,000 – 3,500 with barely 5% coming from the brain dead. The annual requirement is about 150,000. About 1,40,000 road accidents death occur annually in India, of which 67 percent are due to severe head injuries.2

A study was conducted in Bangladesh among school girls about awareness of organ donation and attitudes towards organ donation and determine the negative factors of organ donation prevailing among school girls, 168 girls participated. A structured Questionnaire was filled up by the girls. In that 64% has no idea about ongoing organ donation and transplantation. The positive attitude towards organ donation was only 16% when they are alive and 14% of their attitudes also kept low even after death. The results of this study suggest that among girls awareness and attitudes of about organ donation is poor. There were several seasons for low consent rates. In that study it is stated that multi disciplinary action should be taken to improve the awareness of the people about organ donation and motivate them for donation.4

A descriptive study was conducted university of Delhi analyzed the opinion and understanding of adult patients about organ donation and transplantation among 347 samples voluntarily completed a questionnaire with 17 queries concerning organ donation. The study concluded that lack of interest and moderately positive attitude of patients towards organ donation and lack of attitude is because of the prevalence of misconception.2

Adolescents represents the future of the community and have a direct influence on other family members and friends there for, a favorable attitude of the adolescents in this matter not only means a positive personnel attitude towards donation, but it can also be the determining factor for authorizing donation when faced with the death of a family member. On the other hand and of no less importance, trained adolescents become quality transmitters, propagators, in their own sphere of influence, which goes beyond the family, of the necessity of active community participation in the whole procedure of obtaining organs.2

The researchers own personnel experience while working in the clinical setting in which she has seen patients waiting for a donor and many times they die waiting for a donor. All these prompted the researcher to select the present study to assess the knowledge and attitude of adolescent regarding organ transplant and also to give structured teaching plan for giving awareness to adolescents.2

REVIEW OF LITERATRE

Review of literature is systemic identification, systemic identification selection, critical analysis and reporting of existing information on the topic of material for the study.

The review of literature is a key step in research process. A excessive review of literature relevant to the research was done to collect maximum information for laying foundation for this study. The purpose of the review of literature is to obtain in depth knowledge and information about the knowledge and attitude of adolescent regarding organ donation.

The review of literature of the present study is organized under the following headings.

A) Studies related to organ donation in general

B) Studies related knowledge and attitude regarding organ donation

C) Studies related to effectiveness of structured teaching programme on change in the knowledge and attitude of adolescents regarding organ donation.

A) Studies related to organ donation in general :

A study was conducted in Iran regarding causes of family refusal for organ donation family refusal represents a barrier for organ donation together with other cultural and religious factors possible ignorance and clinical obstacles. It was retrospective study. In 2009, 146 potential organ donor families refused donation researcher contested 81 families and 44.4% refused because of the denial and register of brain death, 13.6% believed in miracles, 9.9% were having fear, 8.6% because of religious belief 6.2% was insecure about brain death diagnosis 6.2% because of unstable family mood, 4.9% because of unknown donor wishes about donation. 3.7% believed in body integrity after death 2.5% were having fear or objection by other family members. It seems that increasing the knowledge of people about brain death and organizing strategies to confirm brain death to confirm brain death for families are necessary to meet the organ shortage.5

A study was conducted in Malaysia regarding factors limiting deceased organ donation; 105 participants were conducted between September and December 2008. Participants were general public although the majority had favorable attitudes toward deceased organ donation and transplantation a diversity of mytho and misinformation all the unearthed from the discussions. There were distinctive ethnic differences in cultural and religious concerns regarding organ donation less educated and rural groups appeared to have more misconnections that the well educated and the urban groups. The involvement of community and religious leaders is critical in organ donation request.6

The studies shown that 2.2 million people who die under circumstance that make them medically eligible to be either organ donors or tissue donors. The process of tissue and organ can be a technical one. Therefore, it is important for the nurses not to forget family bereavement support. So they need for additional awareness and education of areas of organ donation process.7

Impact on the attitude of the high school students total of 1832 pre and 1440 post educational surveys returned to Trillium Gift of life network were assessed in the year 2008 – 2009 academic year overall, comparison of all pre and post educational programme survey data showed significant improvement in the students attitudes towards organs and tissues donation and transplantation (p=.00625).8

A study was conducted in Spain regarding the means by which each source of information about organ donation and transplant influenced attitudes of children. Ten secondary students were selected and random selection was done in the adolescent had received information about ODT through several sources. 86% from Television 56% from magazines position conformation from sources was associated with more favorable attitudes towards ODT (P ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download