DIXON'S BIO CLASSES
Name__________________________Period____________Date__________Biochemistry Review SheetVocabulary (On Quizlet)Define the following words on a separate sheet of paperSubstratesCarbohydratesActive SiteReactantCovalent BondProteinNucleic AcidsMonomerProductIonic BondStarchGlycogenLipidFatty AcidProtonPolysaccharidePeptide BondPolypeptideCelluloseElectronAnswer the following questions, you may answer on this sheet or on a separate sheet of paperThe left side of the arrow lists the ___Reactants_________ in a chemical reactionThe right side of the arrow lists the ___products________ in a chemical reactionWhat is required to form bonds between atoms (go through a chemical reaction?) energyOrganic molecules contain ___carbon_______ atomsWhat is a polymer molecule? Explain using the term monomer A large, complex macromolecule built by individual subunits called monomersFill in the tablePolymerMonomerFunctionWhat elements make up each polymer?CarbohydratesMonosaccharide (glucose)Quick energyC,H,OProteinAmino acidsStructure, support, immune system, enzymesC,H,O,N,SNucleic AcidsNucleotideTransmits and stores genetic informationC,H,O,N,PLipidsFatty acidsLong term energy storage, buoyancy, insulationC,H,OHow do monosaccharides differ from disaccharides? Monosaccharides are made up of 1 sugar, disaccharides are made of 2After autotrophs (plants) manufacture glucose, they store it either as __starch________ (which can be broken down for energy) or as __cellulose____________.Many animals store excess glucose in their bodies in the form of _glycogen_________.Carbohydrates main function for organisms is ____quick energy___________.What are the main functions of lipids? Long term energy storage, buoyancy, insulationHow does the function of proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids? Does not provide any energy to bodyStructured proteins are used for things like ___hair, nails__________.In a protein/polypeptide, ____amino acids_______________ are held together by a covalent bond known as a ____peptide_________ bond.You can identify a protein due to the presence of __sulfur____________ atoms, unlike a nucleic acid, however, proteins contain no __phosphorous__________ atoms.What are the 3 main parts of a nucleic acid? Sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base____DNA_________ and ___RNA___________ are the 2 types of nucleic acids.A ___nucleotide__________ is the monomer of nucleic acids.How is the function of DNA and RNA similar? How is it different? Both contain genetic information; DNA stores, RNA transmitsWhat are the negatively charged particles in an atom called? electrons__protons________, which are positively charged particles and ___neutrons________, which are neutral particles, can be found in the ___nucleus_________.___covalent__________ bonds occur when atoms share electrons.____catalysts________ help chemical reactions occur by speeding them up and lowering the amount of ___energy_______ needed for the reaction to start.Enzymes are one kind of _____protein_________ (what macromolecule?)Three factors that affect how well enzymes work are: temperature, pH, concentration Enzyme names usually end in _____-ase__________.Explain what is happening at each step of the enzyme reaction below:Substrate enters enzymeEnzyme active siteReusable enzyme binds with substrateChanged products are released in a hydrolysis reactionWhat does iodine test for? starchWhat does Benedicts solution test for? Simple sugarsWhat does Biurets solution test for? proteinExplain how a covalent bond is different from an ionic bond. Covalent bond: electrons are shared; ionic bond: electrons are transferredExplain the structure of an atom using the terms nucleus, proton, neutron, electron. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom; electrons orbit outside the nucleus ................
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