OKLAHOMA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY



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OKLAHOMA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

Higher Learning, Higher Calling

COURSE SYLLABUS

SPRING 2013

Prepared January 5, 2013

CHEMISTRY 4313-01: FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY

BIOLOGY 4313-01: TOXICOLOGY

Instructor: Associate Professor William E. Luttrell, PhD

Office: Noble Science Wing-Herold Science Hall (NSW-HSH), Room 202H

Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday, Friday: 2:30-4:30 PM; Thursday: 3:30-4:30 PM

Virtual Office Hours (by email): Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday at 7:30-8:30 PM

Walk-ins and appointments by email are welcome.

Telephone: Office: (405) 425-5421

Fax: (405) 425-5446, Email: bill.luttrell@oc.edu

Location: Lecture: Noble Science Wing-Herold Science Hall (NSW-HSH), Room 110

Semester: Spring 2013, January 7—April 26, 2013

Days/Hours: Lecture: Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays 1:30-2:20 PM

Website for the Course:

Course Support Staff: Mrs. Janell Huntsman, Administrative Assistant for Chemistry & Physics Department; Telephone: (405) 425-5401

Mission: Oklahoma Christian University is a higher learning community which transforms lives for Christian faith, scholarship, and service.

Theme Bible Passage: Colossians 2:2-3:

“My purpose is that they may be encouraged in heart and united in love, so that they may have the full riches of complete understanding, in order that they may know the mystery of God, namely, Christ, in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.”

Christian Worldview and Teaching Philosophy:

How does Forensic Toxicology fit into God’s creation? Forensic Toxicology is a multidisciplinary science that includes chemical and biological principles. Science is concerned with demonstrated or observed truths. God wants us to find out about the truths in His universe because they reveal His creative power. God is a God of truth. Revealed truth is in the Bible and discovered truth is in science. All truth comes from God. Humans can perform science because we are made in the image of God. Therefore, scientists are engaged in a creative discipline. As a Christian toxicologist, we conduct research so we reflect God’s image to protect, heal, and love. So, God calls us to work, to take dominion over the creation. Christians devote their work as unto the Lord. The driving aim of science is to improve man’s lot. We can be stewards of God’s creation through science.

Another way of expressing a Christian Worldview is in a more general sense. The Christian writer Gordon MacDonald says: “To think Christianly means to look at our world from the perspective that it is made and owned by God, that what we do with creation will have to be accounted for, and that it is important to make choices according to the laws of God. The Bible calls this stewardship. Christian thinking looks at all issues and ideas from the standpoint of what God desires and what might give honor to him.” (Gordon MacDonald in “Ordering Your Private World”)

Although the point of view of the instructor of this course is overtly Christian, he is aware of the diversity that exists among the students of OC and recognizes that there are differences in worldviews. Be that as it may, he will make connections between what is studied in forensic toxicology and Christian faith as opportunities arise during the semester.

Course Textbook:

Principles of Forensic Toxicology, 3rd Edition

Editor: Barry Levine

Publisher: American Association of Clinical Chemistry (AACC)

Date: 2010

ISBN-10: 1-59425-096-0

All reading assignments are from the course textbook. It is needed at the first class meeting. There is no Bibliography for the course.

Supplemental Material:

Incomplete Lecture Notes for each chapter will be placed on Blackboard and given out in class when available. Bring them to class, and fill in the blanks during lecture. Attendance at every class meeting and completing the lecture notes will help you master the most important information.

Useful Forensic Toxicology Web Sites:

Alan Barbour's Forensic Toxicology Page. Experts, laboratories, and links.

American Board of Forensic Toxicology Note the laboratory guidelines section.

California Association of Toxicologists Although concentrated in California, it has a worldwide membership.

CAT Online Toxicology Literature Review, maintained by Dr. Rodger Foltz.

Centre of Behavioural and Forensic Toxicology Padua, Italy.

NHS Regional Laboratory for Toxicology Birmingham,UK.

Dr. Anil Aggrawal's Forensic Toxicology Page

Guidelines for the Interpretation of Analytical Toxicology Results A public list from the Annals of Clinical Biochemistry that complements the TIAFT list of therapeutic and toxic ranges.

Journal of Analytical Toxicology The premier journal of forensic toxicology.

Schaffer Library References on Drugs [including alcohol] and Driving

ROSITA The EU ROadSIde Testing Assessment Project. Note particularly the downloadable Work Package 1, an inventory of drugs and medicines that are suspected of impairing driving ability.

Société Française de Toxicologie Analytique

Society of Forensic Toxicologists (U.S.) Note particularly the laboratory guidelines and employment opportunities sections.

The International Association of Forensic Toxicologists (The compendium of effective, toxic, and lethal drug levels in the members' area is itself worth the modest cost of membership.)

The Lawyer's Guide to DUI Defense

DUI Resource Center

Catalog Course Description: An integrated study of toxicology as it relates to forensic science. This course will provide an introduction to postmortem forensic toxicology, forensic drug testing. Analytical principles, both theory and applications, will be covered for the most commonly encountered analytes. This course is primarily theory and background. Lecture—3 hours. This course is normally offered in the spring semester of odd numbered years.

Course Prerequisite: Chemistry 3115: Organic Chemistry I with a minimum grade of C

Major Requirements This Course Fulfills: Required course for BS Forensic Science degree; Technical Elective for BS Biology, BS Biochemistry, BS Chemistry, and BS Science Education degrees

COURSE DESCRIPTION

This three credit hour course is an integrated study of toxicology as it relates to forensic science. The course will provide an introduction to postmortem forensic toxicology, human performance forensic toxicology, forensic drug testing, and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Analytical principles, both theory and applications, will be presented, including methodologies in specimen preparation, spectrophotometry, chromatography, immunoassay, mass spectrometry, and methods validation techniques. Commonly encountered analytes, such as the following will be discussed in detail: alcohol, benzodiazepines, central nervous system depressants, opioids, cocaine, marijuana, amphetamines/sympathomimetric amines, hallucinogens, anticonvulsants, antiarrhythmics, antidepressants, neuroleptics, carbon monoxide, cyanide, other inhalants, and metals. This course is primarily theory and background on the above topics; and will usually be followed by Chemistry 4514, Forensic Analysis, which is primarily a practical, laboratory-based course. The course consists of three hours of lecture per week.

COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES

The primary objective of the course is to introduce the student to the practices and policies of Forensic Toxicology. It is also to give the student basic guidelines on how to analytically approach samples of suspected toxins as well as samples where no information is available as to what toxic substance, if any, may be present. The course will cover problems in interpretation of analytical findings along with those methods that are considered insufficient for trial and those that are considered the gold standards as accepted by today’s judiciary. Upon completion of this course, students will be able to classify/recognize toxins based on analytical findings and understand effects when they are ingested by an individual. Students will be able to recognize the analytical methods used to identify toxins and understand whether the methods used are sufficient to withstand judicial scrutiny. Ethical questions concerning testing and interpretation of data found will be among the discussions held in the class.

TENTATIVE

COURSE SCHEDULE AND ASSIGNMENTS

Every effort will be made to follow this schedule. If we get behind in covering the material, podcasts will be used to supplement the lectures.

WEEK 1: Introduction to Postmortem Forensic Toxicology; Human Performance Forensic Toxicology; Forensic Drug Testing

Monday, January 7: Chapter 1(1)

Introduction to Course

Assignment of Paper and Presentation Topic and Date of Presentation

Wednesday, January 9: Chapters 2(1)

Friday, January 11: Chapter 3(1)

WEEK 2:

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

Monday, January 14: Chapter 4(1)

Wednesday, January 16: Chapter 4(2)

Friday, January 18: Chapter 4(3)

WEEK 3: Specimen Preparation; Theory and Applications of Spectrophotometry and Chromatography

Monday, January 21: Chapter 5(1) by Podcast

Martin Luther King, Jr. Day; OC Holiday

Wednesday, January 23: Chapter 6(1)

Friday, January 25: Chapter 7(1)

Review for Exam I

Quiz 1 (covers Chapters 1-7)

WEEK 4: Theory and Applications of Chromatography and Immunoassay

Monday, January 28: Chapter 7(2)

Wednesday, January 30: Exam I (covers Chapters 1-7)

Friday, February 1: Chapter 8(1)

WEEK 5: Theory and Application of Immunoassay and Mass Spectrometry

Monday, February 4: Chapter 8(2)

Wednesday, February 6: Chapter 9(1) by Podcast

Instructor will be attending Educators’ Leadership Academy, Session 3, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK

Friday, February 8: Chapter 9(2)

WEEK 6: Methods Validation; Alcohol and Benzodiazepines Analytes

Monday, February 11: Chapter 10(1)

Papers Due

Wednesday, February 13: Chapter 11(1)

Presentation #1 (Alcohol)

Friday, February 15: Chapter 12(1)

Quiz 2 (covers Chapter 8-12)

WEEK 7: Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid (GHB) and Miscellaneous Central Nervous System Depressants Analytes

Monday, February 18: Chapter 13(1)

Review for Exam II

Wednesday, February 20: Chapter 14(1)

Friday, February 22: Exam II (covers Chapters 8-14)

WEEK 8: Opioids and Cocaine Analytes

Monday, February 25: Chapter 15(1)

Wednesday, February 27: Chapter 15(2)

Presentation #2 (Opiod)

Friday, March 1: Chapter 16(1)

WEEK 9: Cocaine and Cannabis Analtyes

Monday, March 4: Chapter 16(2)

Presentation #3 (Cocaine)

Wednesday, March 6: Chapter 17(1)

Friday, March 8: Chapter 17(2)

Presentation #4 (Cannabis)

Spring Sing: March 8-9

WEEK 10: Amphetamines/Sympathomimetric Amines and Hallucinogens Analytes

Monday, March 11: Chapter 18(1)

Wednesday, March 13: Chapter 18(2)

Presentation #5 (Amphetamine)

Friday, March 15: Chapter 19(1)

Review for Exam III

Quiz 3 (covers Chapters 15-19)

WEEK 11:

Spring Break: March 18-22

WEEK 12: Hallucinogens and Anticonvulsants and Antiarrhythmics Analytes

Monday, March 25: Chapter 19(2)

Wednesday, March 27: Exam III (covers Chapters 15-19)

Friday, March 29: Chapter 20(1)

WEEK 13: Antidepressants and Neuroleptics Analytes

Monday, April 1: Chapter 21(1)

Presentation #6 (Antidepressant)

Wednesday, April 3: Chapter 21(2) by Podcast

Instructor will be attending Educators’ Leadership Academy, Session 4, St. Crispen’s, Seminole, OK

Friday, April 5: Chapter 22(1)

WEEK 14: Antihistamines, Non-Narcotic Analgesics, and Carbon Monoxide/Cyanide Analytes

Monday, April 8: Chapter 23(1)

Presentation #7 (Antihistamine)

Wednesday, April 10: Chapter 24(1)

Course Evaluation

Friday, April 12: Chapter 25(1)

Quiz 4 (covers Chapters 20-25)

WEEK 15: Inhalants and Metals Analytes

Monday, April 15: Chapter 26(1)

Wednesday, April 17: Chapter 27(1)

Presentation #8 (Metal)

Friday, April 19:

Conclusion to Course

Review for Exam IV

Make-Up Exam Day

WEEK 16: Final Exam Week

Monday, April 22, 1:00-1:50 PM: Exam IV (covers Chapters 20-27)

SUGGESTION: Keep Organized By Using A Course 3-Ring Binder!!

Course syllabus, class notes, quizzes, and study materials can be kept in a well-organized 3-ring binder. These materials can be placed in the binder in the order listed above with separating pages and tabs with labels for each section. Having course documents organized will facilitate your learning of Forensic Toxicology!

COURSE POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

Attendance and Preparation:

Attendance is expected at all class meetings. Attendance will be taken in class. It is absolutely necessary that the student be prepared for each class meeting by completing the assigned readings prior to each session. If an absence is anticipated and unavoidable, the course instructor must be notified by email or telephone before missing class. Students with flu symptoms are encouraged not to come to class until completely well. If the course instructor is late, students are asked to wait at least 20 minutes before leaving.

Inclement Weather Policy:

Classes will run as usual unless the University is closed. In the event that classes are cancelled, students will be responsible for reading over the material that was to be covered that day. They will also be responsible for the assignment. During the next class session, questions will be addressed concerning these sections. In the event that classes are cancelled on a review day for an exam, students will be responsible for reviewing on their own. The exam will be given on the scheduled day. In the event that classes are cancelled on a day that an exam was scheduled, the exam will be given on the very next class day and the schedule will be adjusted. In the event inclement weather occurs during final exam week, every effort will be made to hold the finals in an alternate location; and if that is not possible, your final grade will be calculated on all work submitted previous to the exam.

Communication With Instructor:

Students are encouraged to contact the instructor when questions or concerns arise. The best way is through email for routine, non-urgent matters. If an emergency occurs or an urgent matter arises, a telephone call to the office number is appropriate. Students are also encouraged to stop by the office during office hours and other times as well. Walk-ins and appointments are welcome.

Electronic Devices:

Cell phones, pagers, CD players, MP3 players, iPhones, iPods, iPads, Nooks, etc. are not to be used in the classroom. Laptops will not be used during lectures, except when assigned by the instructor. Computer “feedback polls” may be used when announced by the instructor.

Americans with Disabilities Act Statement (ADA/504):

If you have a documented disability and need special accommodations, please notify Amy Janzen, the Coordinator of Disability Services (425-5907), before or immediately after the first scheduled class meeting. After your disability has been verified, the instructor will work with you, with Amy Janzen, and with the Office of the Vice President of Academic affairs to provide reasonable accommodations to ensure that you have a fair opportunity to perform in this course.

UNIVERSITY POLICY ON ACADEMIC HONESTY

The following statements from the “OC Academic Catalog” explain the University Policy on Academic Honesty.

Cheating:

Cheating on an examination or an assignment undermines the ethics of the academy and the specific Christian purposes of Oklahoma Christian University. Accordingly, students who cheat on examinations or assignments will face serious consequences, as outlined in the policy below.

Plagiarism:

One particular form of cheating is plagiarism. Plagiarism is the transmission of another’s ideas, words, or materials as one’s own and/or the failure to credit accurately the ideas, words, or materials of another. Plagiarism also includes passing off another’s work (a friend, a parent, a website) as one’s own. Plagiarism undermines the ethics of the academy and the specific Christian purposes of Oklahoma Christian University. Accordingly, students who engage in plagiarism in papers submitted will face serious consequences, as outlined in the policy below.

Penalties for Academic Dishonesty:

On the first offense, the student will receive a 0 for the examination or assignment. Professors shall send documentation of the first offense to the appropriate chair, the dean of the appropriate college, the Vice President for Academic Affairs, and the Dean of Students.

On the second offense, the student will receive an F in the course. Professors shall send documentation of the second offense to the appropriate chair, the dean of the appropriate college, the Vice President for Academic Affairs, and the Dean of Students.

If the student receives an F in two courses for cheating and/or plagiarism, he or she will be suspended from the university.

Professors should maintain the highest standards of academic honesty both in and out of the classroom. Professors must report and apply the rules regarding cheating/plagiarism to the appropriate channels. The student should be referred to the Oklahoma Christian University Covenant for principles which should guide conduct in such matters.

In the Forensic Toxicology course academic dishonesty consists of looking on someone else’s exam answers or allowing someone else to look on your exam answers. Referring to unauthorized sources of information such as notes or “cheat sheets” during an exam is academic dishonesty. Copying someone else’s research paper assignment and turning it in is plagiarism.

In the Forensic Toxicology course students are encouraged to assist each other with understanding and working assigned material and questions, and preparing for exams and quizzes.

GRADING CRITERIA

There will be four exams during the semester. The fourth exam will be scheduled during the first hour of the time scheduled for the final exam. Exams will cover assigned readings, lecture material, problems and questions discussed in class, and class presentations. Exams will be closed book; no calculators or other materials will be permitted except when specified by the instructor. Each exam will cover only material covered since the last exam. The exams will not be cumulative. The exams will account for 60% of the final grade (15% each). There will be four quizzes given during the semester that will account for 10% of the final grade. There are make-up exams; however, there are no make-up quizzes. If you know in advance that you will have a legitimate reason to miss an exam or quiz (death in the family, your own surgery, OC sports team trip, OC field trip, etc.), inform the instructor in advance and provide the appropriate written documentation. If a quiz is missed for a legitimate reason, the average of the other regular quizzes will be substituted for that missing quiz. If an exam is missed for a legitimate reason, a make-up exam will be taken on the last day of classes, Friday, April 19, 2013. That score will be substituted for the missing exam score. If an exam or quiz is missed without a legitimate reason, a zero will be entered. A maximum of one exam and one quiz can be excused. Beyond that, zeroes will be given.

Research Paper:

Each student will be assigned a toxic substance or drug to research for three analytical methods that can be used for identification and/or quantification. References shall be from acceptable peer reviewed journals. This assignment will account for 20% of the final grade. There shall be at least three references for each of the three methods described. The paper shall include at least three pages for each method described. With an introduction and conclusion, the paper shall be at least ten pages, not including the title page and list of references. Formatting of the paper shall follow “Guidelines for Authors” provided below. “” will be used.

An outline of the paper is as follows:

Title Page

Abstract

Introduction

Objectives of Paper

Three Methods

Conclusions

References

Presentation:

Information from the research paper will be summarized and presented using a PowerPoint presentation lasting 10 minutes followed by 5 minutes of Questions and Answers on the date assigned. This assignment will account for 10% of the final grade.

Here are the components that make up the final grade in the course. All of the points add up to 1000:

Examinations: 4 x 150 = 600

Quizzes: 4 x 25 = 100

Research Paper: 1 x 200 = 200

Presentation: 1 x 100 = 100

TOTAL: 1000

Grading Scale:

Grading will be according to the following criteria: 900-1000 = A; 800-899 = B; 700-799 = C; 600-699 = D; ................
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