The Evolution of Formulas and Structure in Organic Chemistry During the ...
[Pages:39]The Evolution of Formulas and Structure in Organic Chemistry
During the 19th Century
Dalton's Symbols (1803)
Hydrogen
Carbon
John Dalton (1766-1844)
Oxygen
Nitrogen
?circles for atoms of elements
?occasional use of letters
- gold
G
?must learn the symbol for each element
Binary "atoms"
water OH
ammonia carbon monoxide
NH
CO
Dalton (1803)
Ternary "atoms"
carbon dioxide acetic acid
OCO
H
CO
Dalton (1803)
olefiant gas HCH
J. J. Berzelius (1779-1848)
? use first letter of Latin name of element
H C O N S
hconsauyxitdrylfbogurogergnenenn
? use first two letters when first letter is taken
Sei ssielicleonnium
Latin roots English antimony tin sodium potassium
Latin stibnum
Symbol Sb
stannum
Sn
natrium
Na
kalium
K
Why Latin?
"Science, like that nature to which it belongs, is neither limited by time nor space, it belongs to the world, and is of no country and of no age"
Sir Humphry Davy
Affinity of the elements
Oxygen
... ... ...
... ... (most electronegative) ... ... ... ...
(most electropositive) Potassium
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