Molecules of Life/Organic Compounds Summary Chart



Molecules of Life/Organic Compounds Summary Chart

| | | | | | |

|Compound |Monomer |Polymer |Elements Present |Functional Group(s) |Main Function(s) |

| | | | | | |

| |Monosaccharides |Disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, |C, H, O |-OH | |

| |(glucose, fructose, and |lactose), | |(hydroxyl) |-Source of energy |

|Carbohydrate |galactose) |Polysaccharide | |-C=O | |

| | |(starch, glycogen, cellulose) | |(carbonyl) | |

| | | | | | |

| | | | | |-Build muscles |

| | | | |-COOH | |

| | |Folded |C, H, O, N |(carboxyl) |-Controls rate of reaction (b/c |

|Protein |Amino acids |Polypeptide | | |enzymes are made of protein) |

| | |chain | |-NH2 | |

| | |(Protein) | |(amine group) | |

| | | | | | |

| | |Types of lipids= | |-COOH |-Store energy |

| |Common ingredient= |1-triglyceride (3 FA +1 |C, H, O |(carboxyl) | |

|Lipid |Fatty acids + glycerol |glycerol) | |NOTE: The carboxyl group is a |-Component of biological (cell) |

| | |2-phospholipid (2 FA + 1 | |part of the FA—it is a long |membranes |

| | |glycerol + 1 phosphate group) | |hydrocarbon chain with a | |

| | |3-steroid | |carboxyl group attached) |--Starting material for hormones|

| | | | | |-Store genetic info |

| | | | |None |-Transmit (pass along) genetic |

| | |Nucleic acid |C, H, O, N, P |we discussed |info from parent to offspring |

|Nucleic Acid |Nucleotides |(DNA, RNA) | | | |

| | | | | | |

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