BIO Lab 17: Classification of Organisms



Classification of OrganismsAnd God said: Let the earth bring forth the living creature in its kind, Cattle and creeping things, and beasts of the earth, according to their kinds. And it was so done….And God saw that is was good. Genesis 1:24-25Lab Report for: _______________________________ Table 1: Dichotomous Key to Order of InsectsQuestion#YOURNOTESCHARACTERISTICS1a. functional wings---------------2b. without functional wings OR forewings thickened and concealing membranous hindwings------152a. wings covered with minute scales; coiled tube mouthparts LEPIDOPTERA (butterflies/moths) b. clear wings not covered with scales; mouthparts not a coiled tube------------------33a. one pair of wings DIPTERA (true flies) b. two pairs of wings---------------------4 4a. wings are long and fringed with hair; body length < 5 mm THYSANOPTERA (thrips) b. fringed wing; body length < 5 mm----------------55a. abdomen with 1-2 thready “tails”; small hindwings EPHEMEROPTERA (mayflies) b. abdomen with short or no filaments; larger hindwings-----------66a. forewings clearly longer than hindwings and with greater area---------------7b. forewings not longer than hindwings and the same or less area than hindwings ------97a. forewings hairy; antennae as long or longer than body TRICHOPTERA (caddis flies) b. translucent/transparent wings; not hairy; antennae shorter than body------88a. tarsi 2 or 3-segmented; body not wasp-like---------------14b. tarsi 5-segmented; wasp-like HYMENOPTERA (winged ants, bees, wasps) 9a. head prolonged into a beaklike structure MECOPTERA (scorpion flies) b. head not prolonged ------1010a. short bristle-like antennae; long slender abdomen ODONATA (dragonflies, damselflies) b. antennae not bristle-like; small/moderate eyes------1111a. hindwings broader than forewings; cerci present PLECOPTERA (stoneflies) b. hindwings smaller than forewings; no cerci------1212a. moth-like; hairy, opaque wings; antennae longer than body TRICOPTERA (caddis flies) b. not moth-like; wings not hairy, clear wings; antennae shorter than body--------1313a. wings with few cross-veins; 4-segmented tarsi; length up to 8 mm ISOPTERA (termites) b. wings with numerous cross-veins; 5-segmented tarsi; length up to 75 mm NEUROPTERA (lacewings) 14a. mouthparts sucking; beak at rear of head HOMOPTERA (cicadas, hoppers, aphids) b. mouthparts chewing; beak absent; body <7mm PSCOPTERA (book lice, bar lice) 15a. wings absent----------16b. wings modified; hard, leathery forewings that cover hindwings-------27 16a. narrow waist; ant-like HYMENOPTERA (ants, wingless wasps) b. not narrow-waisted--------1717a. body not flattened; usually do not jump----18b. body flattened; small and jumping SIPHENAPTERA (fleas) 18a. parasitic; flattened body-----19b. not parasitic; body not flattened-----2019a. head as wide/wider than thorax head MALOPHAGA (chewing lice) b. head narrower than thorax head ANOPLURA (sucking lice) 20a. abdomen with appendages; threadlike tails head THYSANURA (silverfish) b. abdomen with neither appendages or tails------2121a. abdomen with forked, tail-like jumping mechanism head COLLEMBOLA (springtails) b. abdomen lacking jumping mechanism---------------2222a. abdomen with 2 short tubes; small and plump body head HOMOPTERA (aphids) b. abdomen without tubes; not plump--------------------2323a. lacking pigment; whitish; soft body-------------------24b. distinctly pigmented; hard body-----------------------2524a. antennae long and hair-like; 2- or 3-segmented tarsi hea PSOCOPTERA (psocids) b. antennae short and bread-like; 4-segmented tarsi head ISOPTERA (termites) 25a. body shape variable; length > 5mm--------------------------26b. body narrow; length < 5mm head THYSANOPTERA (thrips) 26a. antennae 4 or 5 segmented; mouthparts sucking head HEMIPTERA (wingless insects) b. antennae with many segments; mouthparts chewing heORTHOPTERA (cockroaches, walking sticks) 27a. abdomen with forceps-like cerci head DERMAPTERA (earwings) b. abdomen lacks cerci------2828a. mouthparts sucking; beak elongated------29b. mouthparts chewing---------3029a. forewings thickened at base and membranous at tip; beak on head HEMIPTERA (true bugs) b. forewings of uniform texture; beak on hind part of head HOMOPTERA (hoppers) 30a. forewings with veins; forewings over abdomen roof-like at rest ORTHOPTERA (grasshoppers, crickets) b. forewings without veins; forewings meet in straight line down back COLEOPTERA (beetles) Table 2: Results Using Dichotomous Key SpecimenScientific NameSample 1Sample 2Table 3: Sorting Objects GroupMembers (Names of Samples)Shared CharacteristicsABCDEFGHIJKThe coins are only placed in the photographs to give an idea of size. The objects of interest are NOT the coins!Not all rows need to be used.Data Analysis and Conclusions – PART 1Sample 1 of Appendix AList the steps you took to place this organism into an Order.Sample 2 of Appendix AList the steps you took to place this organism into an Order.Are physical characteristics alone sufficient to place organisms into Orders? Explain.What other methods or features could be used to sort organisms into related groups? What makes a good dichotomous key?Data Analysis and Conclusions – PART 2Compare your findings with someone else. Did you place the objects into the same groups? Why do you think there may be differences of opinion in placing organisms into groups?Look at your groups and answer the following:Are there large groups that can be split into smaller groups? Split one group into two smaller groups and fill out the table below (You only need to do this for one group.)GROUP NUMBER: ____________________ split into:Subgroup AMembersSubgroup AShared CharacteristicsSubgroup AMembersSubgroup AShared CharacteristicsLook at your groups and answer the following:Are there smaller groups that can be joined into a larger group? Join two groups into one larger group. (You only need to do this once.)Which two groups did you join? What are the shared features of the new, larger group?Which objects were difficult to place? Explain.As noted in the lab, all but one sample share a common function. What is this common function? The outlier:Which sample did not share the function you described in question 9? What is the function of this sample?Discuss how this sample may compare with an organism that a scientists has just found in the field. It appears to have some common characteristics with the species he is studying, but many other features appear unique. -9525262890 ................
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