THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF Greek and Roman Political …

TH E C A M B RI D GE

H I S T O RY OF

Greek and Roman

Political Thought

*

Edited by

CHRISTOPHER ROWE

professor of greek

university of durham

and

MALCOLM S CHOFIELD

professor of ancient philosophy

university of cambridge

in association with

SIMON HARRIS ON

fellow of st john¡¯s college

cambridge

and

MELISSA LANE

university lecturer in history

university of cambridge

published by the press syndicate of the university of cambridge

The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdom

cambridge university press

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK

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? Cambridge University Press 20 0 0

This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,

no reproduction of any part may take place without

the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 20 0 0

Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge

Typeface teff Renard 9.5/12.75 pt

System QuarkXPress?

[se]

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress cataloguing in publication data

The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought / edited by

Christopher Rowe and Malcolm Schofield.

p.

cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

i s b n 0 521 48136 8

1. Political science ¨C Greece ¨C History.

2. Political science ¨C

Rome ¨C History.

i. Rowe, Christopher.

ii. Schofield, Malcolm.

jc51.c294 2000

320¡ä.0938¨Cdc21

99¨C28162 cip

isbn 0 521 48136 8 hardback

Contents

List of maps xiii

Preface xv

Abbreviations xvi¨Cxx

22 . Introduction

by Christopher Rowe, Professor of Greek, University of Durham

1

part i

ARCHAI C AN D C LA SSI C A L G R E E CE

21 . Greek political thought: the historical context

11

by Paul Cartledge , Reader in Greek History, University of Cambridge

1.

2.

3.

4.

11

12

17

20

Terminology

The ¡®political¡¯

The polis

Political theory

THE BEGINNINGS

22 . Poets, lawgivers, and the beginnings of political reflection

in archaic Greece

23

by Kurt A. Raaflaub, Co-Director, Center for Hellenic Studies,

Washington D.C.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Polis and political thinking

Archaic poetry and political thinking

Homer

Hesiod

Tyrtaeus to Theognis

Solon

Archaic lawgivers

Early philosophers

[v]

23

26

27

34

37

39

42

48

Contents

vi

9. Near Eastern antecedents and influences

10. Conclusion: the beginnings of political thinking in Archaic

Greece

23 . Greek drama and political theory

50

57

60

by Simon Goldhill , Reader in Greek Literature and Culture,

University of Cambridge

The institution of the theatre

Political themes of tragic writing

The Oresteia

Antigone

Comedy

Conclusion

61

65

74

81

84

87

24 . Herodotus, Thucydides and the sophists

89

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

by Richard Winton, Lecturer in Ancient History,

University of Nottingham

1. The sophists

2. Herodotus

3. Thucydides

25 . Democritus

89

101

111

122

by C. C. W. Taylor, Reader in Ancient Philosophy,

University of Oxford

26 . The orators

130

by Josiah Ober, David Magie Professor of Ancient History,

Princeton University

1.

2.

3.

4.

Introduction

Historical background and institutional context

The corpus of orations by Athenian orators

Popular wisdom and the problem of erroneous public

decisions

27 . Xenophon and Isocrates

130

131

134

135

142

by V. J. Gray, Professor of Classics and Ancient History,

University of Auckland

1.

2.

3.

4.

Democracy

Rulership

Sparta

Panhellenism

143

146

151

154

Contents

vii

S OCRATES AND PLATO

28 . Socrates and Plato: an introduction

155

by Melissa Lane, University Lecturer in History,

University of Cambridge

1.

2.

3.

4.

Approaches to Platonic interpretation

The chronology of Plato¡¯s dialogues

The Socratic problem revisited

The death of Socrates

29 . Socrates

155

157

160

162

164

by Terry Penner, Professor of Philosophy, University of Wisconsin,

Madison

1. The discontinuity between ¡®Socratic¡¯ intellectualism and

¡®mature Platonic¡¯ irrationalism about human behaviour

2. Some continuities between ¡®Socratic¡¯ and ¡®mature Platonic¡¯

thought: (i) the centrality of the question of the teaching of

virtue, and (ii) the sciences and idealization

3. A further continuity between the ¡®Socratic¡¯ dialogues and

the middle and late dialogues: (iii) the sciences and the

good

4. Socrates¡¯ response to the democratic political theory of the

teaching of virtue which Protagoras propounds in the

Protagoras

5. The political philosophy of Plato¡¯s Apology and Crito and

another continuity between Socrates and the mature Plato:

(iv) the attitude towards practical politics

6. Conclusion

10 . Approaching the Republic

165

171

174

179

182

189

190

by Malcolm Schofield , Professor of Ancient Philosophy,

University of Cambridge

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Introduction

Gorgias and Menexenus

Republic: a sketch

The problem

The response: (i) a first model

The response: (ii) a causal story

The digression: (i) unity and the good city

The digression: (ii) philosopher rulers

The response: (iii) justice and the city within

190

192

199

203

207

213

217

224

228

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