Health Hazards in Construction

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WELCOME TO...

Health Hazards in Construction

Construction workers are exposed to a variety of health hazards every day. These men and women have the potential for becoming sick, ill and disabled for life.

Learn the health hazards on your job and know how to protect yourself...

Sadly, these health hazards (e.g., dangerous dust and other chemicals) can be unexpectedly brought home...

Learn how to protect your family!

This publication contains:

1. The purpose for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and its enforcement duty under law.

2. Common health hazards found in construction. 3. An explanation of Industrial Hygiene and toxicology. 4. Important terms and definitions used in health standards and toxicology. 5. Procedures for how to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and control health

hazards in construction. 6. Hazard communication program for contractors & the Globally Harmonized

System for Hazard Communication. 7. Respiratory protection program for contractors. 8. Hearing conservation program for contractors.

This program is dedicated to all the workers who have sustained a life threatening or disabling illness as a result of an occupational exposure.

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Acknowledgements & Credits

This publication was produced by:

Construction Safety Council

4100 Madison Street

Hillside, IL 60162

(800) 552-7744



Copyright ? 2012

The Construction Safety Council will like to thank the following for their contributions and support:

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Chicago Area Laborers ? Employer Cooperation and Education Trust (LECET) United Union of Roofers, Waterproofers and Allied Workers LeBlanc Building Co., Inc. Milton R. Chicas David Allie (4-) John Dimos, MS, CIH

GENERAL DISCLAIMER

This material is intended for training purposes only. Its purpose is to inform employers and employees of best practices in construction safety & health. This material is not a substitute for any provision of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or any standards issued by OSHA. If at any time it is discovered that the materials presented vary from Federal or State OSHA regulations, American National Standards Institute (ANSI), EPA regulations, state laws or local ordinances, it is understood that those regulations, laws and ordinances will take precedence over the materials presented herein. In some cases, the information given may imply a higher level of protection then required in some Federal or State OSHA regulations. The mention of any products or materials by brand name in no way constitutes endorsement. Any products or materials not mentioned within this manual that may be considered acceptable as protective devices, equipment, or practices is not intentional and should not rule out their acceptability as employee or environmental protection.

OSHA DISCLAIMER

This material was produced under grant number SH-19495-09-60-F-17 from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

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Introduction to Industrial Hygiene Anticipation of Health Hazards Recognition of Health Hazards Evaluation of Health Hazards Control of Health Hazards Job Hazard Analysis Use of Professionals & Consultants Introduction to OSHA Workers' Rights under OSHA Law Health Standards in Construction ? Overview OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) ACGIH - Threshold Limit Value (TLV) ? NIOSH Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) Hierarchy of Controls Limitations & Use of Respirators Respirator Types Respirator Assigned Protection Factors Respiratory Protection Decision Flow Chart OSHA Emphasis Programs (Health Standards) Competent Person & Training Health Hazards in Construction ? Overview Health Effects and the Human Body Acute Health Effects Chronic Health Effects Local Health Effects Systemic Health Effects Immediately Dangerous to Life & Health (IDLH) Confined & Enclosed Spaces Hazardous Atmospheres Flammable & Explosive Hazards National Fire Protection Association (NFPA 704M) Globally Harmonized System of Classification & Labeling Compressed Gas Cylinders Toxic vs. Flammable Environments

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Table of Contents

Page

1 3 4 7 12 13 15 17 20 23 28 29 30 32 43 44 45 46 47 49 59 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 69 71 75 76 82 85

Table of Contents

Oxygen Deficiency Hazards Chemical Hazards in Construction Chemical Hazards in Construction ? Gases Breathable Air Simple Asphyxiants Temporary Heating Devices & Asphyxiation Chemical Asphyxiants Welding, Cutting & Brazing Gases Diesel Exhaust Respiratory Protection for Exposure to Gases Chemical Hazards in Construction ? Vapors Respiratory Protection for Exposure to Vapors Solvents Commonly Used in Construction Chemical Hazards in Construction ? Fumes Asphalt Fumes Naphtha (Coal Tar) Lead Fumes Hexavalent Chromium Respiratory Protection for Exposure to Fumes Chemical Hazards in Construction ? Dusts & Fibers Crystalline Silica & Silicosis Asbestos Metal Dusts & Lead-Based Paint Fiberglass Insulation Respiratory Protection for Exposure to Dusts & Fibers Chemical Hazards in Construction ? Mists Respiratory Protection for Exposure to Mists Chemical Health Hazards Categories Summary Chart Reproductive Toxins Target Organ Effects Synergistic Effect Chemical Hazard Communication ? Your Right to Know Safety Data Sheet Container Labeling Requirements

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Page

86 88 96 98 99 102 103 106 108 109 110 113 114 117 120 121 122 123 124 125 127 131 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 147

Table of Contents

Model Hazard Communication Program Physical Health Hazards in Construction Temperature (Heat) Temperature (Cold) Occupational Noise Hearing Conservation Program Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) for Hearing Protectors Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) Adjustment Calculation Dual Hearing Protection Repetitive Motion, Awkward Posture & Vibration Pre-Work Stretch & Flex Ionizing Radiation Non-Ionizing Radiation Biological Health Hazards in Construction Fungi (Mold) Histoplasmosis & Hantavirus Respiratory Protection for Exposure to Fungi (Mold) Bloodborne Pathogens Poisonous Plants Poisonous & Infectious Animals Special Considerations for Construction Chemical Glove Selection Chart Respiratory Protection Program for Contractors Respiratory Cleaning & Maintenance Job Hazard Analysis Worksheet Sample Confined Space Permit OSHA Enforcement Policy ? Respiratory Hazards Not Covered by OSHA 29 CFR 1926.55 Appendix A ? ACGIH TLVs ? (1970) Health Hazards Resources Glossary

Page

149 157 158 161 164 170 171 172 173 174 178 180 183 189 190 192 193 194 197 198 201 203 207 219 220 221 223 225 231 232

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Course Description

OVERVIEW

Employers have the responsibility to protect the safety and health of the worker. This course will help prepare an employer or its designated representative (job-site competent person) to understand and react to occupational health hazards in construction.

Course participants will learn how to anticipate, recognize, evaluate and control occupational health hazards; these hazards include, but are not limited to: chemical, physical, biological hazards. Special consideration will be given to occupational noise exposure in construction.

In addition, the participant will learn how and when to make managerial decisions, such as how to implement a job-site hazard communication program, how to select appropriate engineering & administrative controls and how to properly implement a personal protective equipment (PPE) program. Also, participants will gain insight as to when to consult the expertise of an Industrial Hygienist and/or other qualified person.

The goal of this course (Health Hazards in Construction) is to enhance communication of health hazards between employers & employees, to prepare an individual to make competent decisions on matters of occupational health exposures in construction and to equip this person with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform frequent and regular inspections of the job-site. At the conclusion, each course participant will possess the confidence to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions and will be able to identify regulations applicable to health hazards in construction.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

The target audience is the private sector construction employer, manager, employee or employee representative who, as part of a safety and health program, would either be acting to fulfill the requirements of a competent person (to conduct frequent and regular inspections of a job-site) or performing safety and health evaluations for their member employees and performing training as described in OSHA's construction safety & health standard 29 CFR 1926.

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Notes

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Preface

RESPONSIBILITY TO SELF & FAMILY!

A worker's exposure to hazardous materials on the job can be unknowingly brought back to a person's home; heavy metals such as lead dust, concrete crusted clothing and variety of oils, greases and solvents can all be unintentionally poisoning your family!

As a worker who might be exposed to these hazards, you have a responsibility to wear personal protective equipment (PPE), practice good hygiene and take advantage of training programs like this. Learn of the hazards associated with your job and protect your family.

Occupational health hazards can unexpectedly be brought home; wear personal protective equipment (PPE) on the job and do not bring home

health hazards that can harm your family!

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