Planning for Parks, Recreation, and Open Space in Your ...

Planning for Parks, Recreation, and Open Space in Your Community

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Planning for Parks, Recreation, and Open Space in Your Community

Washington State Department of Community, Trade and Economic Development

Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recreation

CTED STAFF

Juli Wilkerson, Director

Local Government Division Nancy K. Ousley, Assistant Director

Growth Management Services Leonard Bauer, AICP, Managing Director

Rita R. Robison, AICP, Senior Planner Jan Unwin, Office Support Supervisor

PO Box 42525 Olympia, Washington 98504-2525 (360) 725-3000 Fax (360) 753-2950

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IAC STAFF

Lorinda Anderson, Recreation Planner Jim Eychander, Recreation Planner

Text by

Susan C. Enger, AICP Municipal Research & Services Center

Seattle, Washington

February 2005

Photo Credits

CTED/Rita R. Robison, cover and pages 1, 3, 7, 14, 15, 16, 18, 32, 34, 35, 37, 39, 46, 57, 61, 64, 66, 68, 74, 79, 80, 86 Mark Fry, page 5 Courtesy of the City of Tigard, page 10 Interagency Committee for Outdoor Recreation, page 20 Courtesy of the City of Stanwood, page 22 Courtesy of the City of Puyallup, page 33 Courtesy of the City of Vancouver, page 71 Courtesy of the City of Snohomish, page 76 Courtesy of Metro Parks Tacoma, page 91

Table of Contents

Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1

GMA Provisions and Case Law Relating to Parks, Recreation, and Open Space.......................... 5

Building an Integrated Open Space System.................................................................................. 12

Different Open Space Types and Purposes................................................................................... 14 Hazardous Critical Areas .......................................................................................................... 14 Ecologically Critical Areas ....................................................................................................... 15 Commercially Significant Resource Lands .............................................................................. 16 Recreation, Education, and Cultural Sites ................................................................................ 17 Lands That Shape Urban Form ................................................................................................. 18 Lands With Aesthetic Values Defining Community Identify................................................... 18 Urban Reserves or Future Urban Areas .................................................................................... 19

Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Planning Processes............................................................... 20 Step 1: Consider Goals and Overall Planning Framework ...................................................... 21 Step 2: Initiate Community Visioning and Ongoing Citizen Participation ............................. 21 Step 3: Inventory Existing Conditions, Trends, and Resources/Identify Problems and Opportunities............................................................................................................................. 24 Step 4: Develop Goals and Priorities to Guide Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Measures ................................................................................................................................... 28 Step 5: Enlist the Support of Other Local Groups, Jurisdictions, and Departments................ 31 Step 6: Assess Parks/Open Space/Recreation Needs and Demand ......................................... 37 Step 7: Develop Site Selection Criteria and Priorities, Based on Community Goals.............. 56 Step 8: Evaluate Plan Alternatives; Select and Adopt the Preferred Plan ............................... 56 Step 9: Prepare the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan Element.................................... 57 Step 10: Develop Tools to Implement Your Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Strategy .... 59 Step 11: Adopt and Transmit the Element............................................................................... 59

Open Space Designation Criteria.................................................................................................. 61 Criteria Must Be Tied to Local Objectives ............................................................................... 61 Different Types of Criteria Can Aid the Decision Process....................................................... 61 Structure Sets of Criteria to Focus Selection Decisions ........................................................... 62

Open Space Protection Techniques .............................................................................................. 64 Be Prepared to Apply a Variety of Tools to Address a Variety of Purposes............................ 64 Decide on a Balance of Regulatory and Nonregulatory Approaches ....................................... 64 Build a Program that Combines Public and Private Protection Efforts .................................... 69 Select the Tools Best Matched to the Job and Local Conditions.............................................. 70

Issues in Designating Open Space Areas...................................................................................... 71 Economic Issues........................................................................................................................ 71 Access Issues ............................................................................................................................ 73

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