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Unit 3: Metabolism and Cell Energetics Study GuideRead: Chapter 6, 7, 8Videos:Bozeman – #12, 13, 14, Gibbs Free Energy, Thermoregulation, BioenergeticsCrash Course – ATP/Respiration #7, Photosynthesis #8Objectives:Distinguish between kinetic and potential energyExplain why an organism is considered an open systemDescribe what free energy is.Write Gibbs’ Free Energy Equation and define each of the variablesBe able to solve a Gibbs free energy math problem. Calculate the Gibbs free energy change (G) for the following chemical reaction: ATP ADP + Pi The reaction occurs at 68 °F, the change in heat (H) = 19,070 cal, and the change in entropy (S) = 90 cal/K. Calculate the Gibbs free energy change (G) for the following chemical reaction: glutamate + NH3 glutamine + H2O The reaction occurs at 68 °F, the change in heat (H) = 4103 cal, and the change in entropy (S) = 2.4 cal/K. Would either of the reactions above occur spontaneously? If so, which one(s) and why? Are either of the above reactions endergonic? If so, which one(s) and why? How does the Gibbs free energy in each of the two reactions change if the temperature were raised to normal body temperature (98.6 °F)? Does an increase in reaction temperature make each of these reactions more or less likely to occur spontaneously? Explain your answer. Explain how life is able to adhere to the laws of thermodynamics and accomplish the following life processes:Growth Increase in Order/Maintain organizationReproductionDescribe how metabolic pathways maximize efficiency and control release of free energy.Describe the relationship of metabolic rate and size.Describe what happens if there is an excess of free energy or an insufficient amount of free energy for an organism.How can changes in free energy affect individuals, populations or ecosystems?Describe the role of ATP in the production of cellular work.Describe the structure of ATP Compare exergonic and endergonic processes. Provide several examples of each. Compare anabolic and catabolic processes. Provide several examples of each.Explain how enzyme structure determines enzyme specificity.Explain the induced-fit model of enzyme functionExplain how temperature, pH, cofactors, and enzyme inhibitors can affect enzyme activityDefine oxidation and reductionExplain in general terms how redox reactions are involved in energy exchangesExplain the necessity of electron transport chains in metabolic pathways.Describe the role of NAD+ in cellular respirationExplain the inputs, major processes, and outputs of glycolysis, fermentation, and aerobic cellular respiration by answering the questions belowDescribe how the carbon skeleton of glucose changes as it proceeds through glycolysis.Describe where pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl CoA, what molecules are produced, and how this process links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.List the products of the citric acid cycle. Explain why it is called a cycle.In general terms, explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the ETC is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis.Explain where and how the respiratory ETC creates a proton gradientDescribe the function of the oxygen molecules in cellular respiration.Trace the movement of energy and matter through all cell respiration processes. You may draw and label a diagram. Explain the inputs, major processes, and outputs of the light reactions and the Calvin Cycle by answering the questions below.In general terms, explain the role of redox reactions in photosynthesisList and explain the components of a photosystem and explain the function of each component.Trace the movement of electrons in noncyclic electron flow.Trace the movement of electrons in cyclic electron flow.State the function of each of the three phases of the Calvin Cycle and describe the role of ATP and NADPH.Trace the movement of energy and matter through all photosynthetic processes. You may draw a diagram for this process.Describe the process of chemiosmosis and compare its function in photosynthetic and respiratory pathways.Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration at the subcellular, organismal, and ecosystem levels of pare the relative efficiencies of photosynthesis, anaerobic cellular respiration and aerobic cellular respiration.Explain how energetic/metabolic requirements contribute to the adaptations of organisms. (thermoregulation, respiration, circulation and digestion)If Q10= 2, then an enzymatic reaction that takes place at a given rate at 5C would take place approximately how many times faster at 25C? Which organism (dolphin, rattlesnake) is more likely to show a greater fluctuation in body temperature and why?2. Determine the Q10 value for the blood vessel contraction in Lumbricus terrestris, the earthworm.Temperature (Co)Average Blood Vessel Contraction (contractions per minute)171621192522Propose experimental designs by which the rate of photosynthesis and cell respiration can be measured and studied. ................
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