TnQ Books and Journals Pvt Ltd - Copyediting Style Guide
Oxford Journals—AMA Manual Copyediting Style Guide
Version: draft
Journal: APS Function
For matters that are not specifically addressed here, please follow the AMA Manual of Style, Tenth edition and Merriam Webster’s 11th Collegiate/Concise Oxford Dictionary
|FRONT MATTER (running heads and first page) |
|Left running head (lrh) |Style |Follow AMA 2.4 : Journal Title, year, volume and issue number |
| |Example |APS Function, 2020, Vol, XX, Issue XX |
|Right running head (rrh) |Style |Follow AMA 2.4: Journal Title, year, volume and issue number |
| |Example |APS Function, 2020, Vol, XX, Issue XX |
|Opening page |Style |At top of page: |
| | |Title of journal/volume and issue/page extent /DOI |
| | |line/Manuscript Category/”Received” date; “Editorial |
| | |Acceptance” date |
| | |“Published Online” date |
| | | |
| | |At bottom of page: |
| | |copyright line |
| |Example |APS Function, 2020, Vol, XX, Issue XX, 1–5 |
| | |doi:10.1093/jbi/wby011 |
| | |Original Research |
|Manuscript category/subject section |Style |All categories have the same first page set up. Letters are run|
|variations | |on from each other and not treated as separate articles. |
|Style for different article types |Reports of original data |See AMA 1.1: Articles that report original research results |
| | |follow the traditional IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, |
| | |and Discussion) format |
| | | |
| | |Include a structured abstract and keywords |
| |Review Articles |See AMA 1.2: Include a structured abstract and keywords |
| |Descriptive Articles |See AMA 1.3: Unstructured abstract and keywords |
| |Consensus Statements/Clinical Practice |See AMA 1.4: |
| |Guidelines |Include a structured abstract and keywords |
| |Opinion Articles/Editorials/From the |See AMA 1.5: Should include author name, degree, affiliation, |
| |Editor |and “Email:” at the end of the main text, before any |
| | |References. Should/should not include COI statement. No |
| | |abstract or keywords |
| | | |
|Special issues/supplements |Style |Follow parent style. |
|Article type |Style |Article type is placed on first page. |
|Article Title |Style |AMA 10.2–10.2.2: Capitalize major words in titles, subtitles, |
| | |and headings of publications. Do not capitalize a coordinating |
| | |conjunction, an article or preposition of 3 or fewer letters, |
| | |except when it is the first or last word in a title or |
| | |subtitle. |
| |Example |Microcalcifications Detected at Screening |
| | |Mammography: Synthetic Mammography and Digital Breast |
| | |Tomosynthesis versus Digital Mammography |
| |Capitalization after colon or Em dash |AMA 2.1.6 and 10.1: The first word of a formal statement that |
| | |follows a colon or Em dash should be capitalized. |
| |Example |Microcalcifications Detected at Screening |
| | |Mammography: Synthetic Mammography and Digital Breast |
| | |Tomosynthesis versus Digital Mammography |
| |Capitalization after hyphen |AMA 10.2.2: In general, only capitalize after a hyphen if the |
| | |word is a temporary compound, in which each part of the |
| | |hyphenated term carries equal weight e.g Cost-Benefit Analysis |
| | |(not Long-term Treatment). |
| |Abbreviations |AMA 2.1.5: In general avoid abbreviations |
| |Years |AMA 19.2.1 and 2.1.2 Numerals may be used in sentences that |
| | |begin with a specific year. |
| |Example |2006-2007 |
|Author Name |Placement |Immediately below title or subtitle one line space |
| |Style |AMA 2.2.1; upper- and lowercase, full forename or initial |
| | |followed by a period. Asterisk following corresponding author. |
| |Example |Yi-Chen A. Lai, MD |
| |Degrees and Titles |Required |
| | |NB query author if they are not supplied in the manuscript |
| |Suffix |Author suffixes allowed |
| |Separators |Comma between each author. For two authors insert “and” between|
| | |the names. For three or more authors do not insert “and” before|
| | |final author. |
| |Example |Yi-Chen Lai, MD and Kimberly M. Ray, MD |
| | | |
| | |Yi-Chen Lai, MD, Kimberly M. Ray, MD, Amie Y. Lee, MD, Jessica |
| | |H. Hayward, MD, Rita I. Freimanis, MD, Iryna V. Lobach, PhD, |
| | |Bonnie N. Joe, MD, PhD |
| |Layout |Do not change the order of authors. |
| | | |
| |Affiliation designators |Designators: superscript Arabic numbers following the author |
| | |name |
| |Corresponding Author |Designated by an asterisk following the author’s name. |
| |Example |Lars J. Grimm, MD, MHS*,1, Michael Enslow, MD2, Sujata V. |
| | |Ghate, MD2 |
|Corresponding Author |Placement |Immediately following author affiliations one line space below,|
| | |no period. |
| |More than 1 corresponding author |Not allowed |
| |Degree |Not required |
| |US State name |Not required |
| |Country name |Not required |
| |Telephone/Fax |Not required |
| |E-mail |Required |
| |Example |*Address correspondence to B.N.J. (e-mail: bonnie.joe@ucsf.edu)|
| | | |
| | |NB no period after the parenthesis. |
|Author Affiliation |Style |Division of the institution, institution name, city, state, |
| | |postal or zip code, country (USA for the United States) |
| |Placement |After the author names |
| |Elements required |Department, Institution, City, State abbreviation, postal/zip |
| | |code, , Country. |
| |State name (US) |Two-letter abbreviations |
| |Country name |Write out except for UK (do not use Scotland, Wales, England) |
| | |and USA |
| |Separators |Semicolon |
| |Designator |Superscript numbers |
| |Example |1Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health |
| | |Sciences Center Charlottesville 22908, USA |
| |Example |1Department of Radiation, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX5 |
| | |1BC, UK, 2Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, |
| | |Cary, NC 12344, USA, 3Department of Chemistry, University of |
| | |North Carolina, Cary, NC12344, USA |
| |Present address |Not given |
|Dates (Received/Editorial |On first page of each article below the| |
|Acceptance/Published Online) |article type. | |
| | |Received: Month XX, 2020; Revised: Month XX, 2020;Accepted: |
| | |Month XX, 2020 |
|Genbank Accession numbers in SciMed |Style |Any new sequences announced in the article will have their |
|Articles | |database accession number ranged right opposite the article |
| | |history dates. |
|Dedication |Style |not allowed |
|Abstract |Structured/unstructured |Follow AMA 2.5: structured abstracts should use bold, headers: |
| | |Context, Objective, Design, Setting, Patients or Other |
| | |Participants, Interventions, Main Outcome Measure(s), Results, |
| | |Conclusions. Each header should be bold, followed by colon, and|
| | |run in with text. 250-word limit. Unstructured abstracts |
| | |should be one paragraph, no headers. |
| |Heading | Abstract |
| |Style |New line for each abstract section. No extra lines between |
| | |sections. |
| |Abbreviations |Spell out at first mention |
| |Genus species |Spell out at first mention. |
| |Reference citation in abstract |Not allowed. |
|Copyright line |Issue format |© Society of Breast Imaging 2020. All rights reserved. For |
| | |permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@ |
| | |(Should be one line not two) |
| |PAP format |© Society of Breast Imaging 2020. All rights reserved. For |
| | |permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@ |
| | |(Should be one line not two). |
| | | |
|Key Words |Style |Used; follow author’s order; semicolon separator, period at |
| | |end. Minimum of 3; no maximum. |
| |Placement |Placed at the end of the abstract (or below corresponding |
| | |author line if there is no abstract) |
| |Example |Key words: word; word; word. |
|FOOTNOTES |
| |Footnotes |Not used. |
| |Text |Should be avoided. Insert into text as parenthetical statement.|
|Other footnotes |Endnotes |Not allowed |
|HEADINGS |
|Style | |Follow AMA 2.8–2.8.3: Avoid using a single abbreviation as a |
| | |heading. Avoid expanding Abbreviations for the first time in a |
| | |heading. Avoid citing references, figures or tables in |
| | |headings., |
| |Headings for research articles |Research articles have specific wording and appear in a |
| | |specific order: Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, |
| | |Supplementary data, Acknowledgments, Conflict of interest, |
| | |Funding, References |
| |Headings for other articles |Other types of articlecan have any wording in the level 1 |
| | |headings. |
| |1st level |Bold, title case, not run on |
| |Example |Methods |
| |2nd level |Roman, title case, not run on |
| |Example |Statistical Analysis |
| |3rd level | Roman, title case, not run on; smaller font size than H2 |
| |Example |Clustering Data |
| |4th level |italic, Title case, not run on, same font size as H3 |
| |Example |Clustering Data |
| |Numbered headings |not allowed/allowed |
| |
|GENERAL STYLE |
|Spelling |US |Merriam-Webster’s 11th Collegiate Dictionary |
|Editing level required | |Level 1/Level 2/Level 3 |
|Hyphenation | |Follow AMA 8.3.1: hyphens should be used only to aid the |
| | |reader’s understanding and avoid ambiguity. Use 2D rather than |
| | |2-D and 3D instead of 3-D. |
|Dashes |En dash |Follow AMA 8.3.2: The en dash shows relational distinction in a|
| | |hyphenated or compound modifier, 1 element of which consists of|
| | |2 words or a hyphenated word, or when the word being modified |
| | |is a compound. |
| |Examples |post–World War 1, decision tree–based analysis, non–small cell |
| | |carcinoma |
| |Em dash |Follow AMA 8.3.2: Em dashes are used to indicate a marked or |
| | |pronounced interruption or break in thought. A em dash may be |
| | |used to separate a referent from a pronoun that is the subject |
| | |of a ending clause. |
| |Example |he was—so he said—a man |
|Commas | |Follow AMA 8.2.1:Use a comma to separate groups of words, |
| | |series (unless it is not present in the name of an |
| | |organization), setting off ie, eg, and viz, separating clauses |
| | |joined by conjunctions, separating parenthetical expressions, |
| | |and degrees and titles. |
|Capitalization | |AMA 10.1 |
| |After colon |Capitalize after colon. |
| |Variables |Follow author and make consistent. |
| |Experiment, Day, etc. |Do not capitalize. |
| |Others |N/A |
|Italicization |Emphasis |Follow AMA 22.5.4 (use sparingly) |
| |Variables and Statistical terms |Follow AMA 21.8: In general, variables, unknown quantities and |
| | |constants are set in italics. |
| |Genus and Species names |Follow AMA 15.14.1 Biological Nomenclature |
|Language |Word list | |
|Quotation marks | |Follow AMA 8.6: Double inverted commas |
|Quotations/Extracts in text | |Follow AMA 8.6: displayed if longer than three lines. |
|Latin terms |Style |Follow AMA 9.3; follow latest edition of Merriam-Webster’s |
| | |Collegiate Dictionary |
| |Abbreviations |Follow AMA chapter 15, specifically 15.14.1-15.14.3 (style for |
| | |abbreviations applied to all scientific names of animals, |
| | |plants, and bacteria should be consistent) |
|Parentheses | |Follow AMA 8.5.1: (Parentheses) Used to indicate supplementary |
| | |explanations, identification, direction to the reader, or |
| | |translation. |
|Brackets | |Follow AMA 8.5.2: [Brackets] Used to indicate editorial |
| | |interpolation within a quotation to enclose corrections, |
| | |explanations, or comments in material that is quoted. |
|Slash (forward) | |Follow AMA 8.4 The forward slash (solidus) is used to represent|
| | |per, and, or or and to divide material. |
|Lists |Display |Follow AMA 19.5 (see below) |
| |In-text |Follow AMA 19.5 (see below) |
| |Example |Short series: (1), (2), and (3) |
| |Example |Long series: |
| | |1. |
| | |2. |
| | |3. |
| |Example |Bullet points (AMA 19.5; use when specific order is not |
| | |necessary). If items are not complete sentences, no punctuation|
| | |is needed, and use of a capital or lowercase letter on the |
| | |first word of each item is a matter of judgment based on the |
| | |length of the item, with consistency in a single list). |
|Geography |US, UK, and Canada |AMA 14.5 Abbreviations such as “US” and “UK” may be used as |
| | |modifiers (ie, only when they directly precede the word they |
| | |modify) but should be expanded in all other contexts |
| |Example |Society of Botany, 6110 M St, Washington, DC 20003 |
| | | |
| | |London, UK |
| | | |
| | |Paris, France |
| | | |
| | |Mumbai, India |
| |US States |AMA 14.5: Use 2-letter abbreviations for US states. |
|Time and dates |Date |AMA 19.1.3 Dates should be given as month, day and year. Time |
| | |should be given as 12 hour clock with AM/PM (small caps). |
| |Example |January 3, 2019 |
| | |11:45 PM |
| |
|SOURCES OF MATERIALS |
| |Style |Follow author |
| |Supplier name |Allowed; do not query if not present |
| |Supplier location |Allowed; do not query if not present |
| |Others |Equipment should be cited as generic followed by (model, |
| | |manufacturer, city, state [postal abbreviation]) as in: |
| | |Mammograms were performed on one of three identical machines |
| | |(3D Dimensions, Hologic, Inc., Marlborough, MA). |
|Trademark |Trademark symbol |not allowed |
| |
|ABBREVIATIONS |
|Abbreviation | | |
| |Title |Follow AMA 2.1.5. |
| |In Headings |Follow AMA 2.8.3. |
| |At the beginning of sentence |Follow AMA 14.11: expand abbreviations at the beginning of a |
| | |sentence. |
| |In Figures |Follow AMA 4.2.7:. |
| |In Table |Follow AMA 4.1.6 use. |
| |Commonly used abbreviations |Follow AMA 14.11: Abbreviations that can be used without |
| | |expansion: |
| |Latin abbreviations |Use ‘eg,’ (for example) and ‘ie,’ (that is) with care and only |
| | |in parenthesis; follow AMA 11.1 |
| |Chemical compounds |Follow AMA 14.13: Expanded at first mention. |
| |Concentrations |Follow author. |
| |Plurals |Follow AMA 9.5: Plural is formed by adding ‘s’ eg, CDs. |
| |Author names (one of us) |Follow AMA 14.6: (closed up, periods) |
| |Example |Y.C.L. disclosed no relevant relationships. |
| |Names (other than the authors) |Follow author. |
|Journal-specific abbreviations | | |
| |
|TECHNICAL STYLE |
|Number style | |Follow AMA 19. Numerals are used to express numbers in most |
| | |circumstances. |
| |Ordinals |AMA 19.2.5: Spell out ‘first’ to ‘ninth’, use numerals for |
| | |other ordinals except at the beginning of a sentence. The |
| | |suffix should not be superscripted. |
| |Thousand separator |Thin space: 10 000 |
|Roman numerals | |Follow AMA 19.7.5: Follow author’s style. |
|-fold words | |Follow AMA 19.1: Use numerals, eg, 2-fold increase. |
|Units of measure | |Follow AMA Chapter 18 and 19.1.3–19.1.5 (see below) |
| |SI Units |Use SI units wherever possible. Query author to provide (eg, g |
| | |not rpm). |
| |Non SI Units |If non-SI units must be used, the author should be queried to |
| | |add the SI equivalent. The Dalton (Da) or more conveniently the|
| | |kDa is a permitted non-SI unit for molecular mass or mass of a |
| | |particular band in a separating gel. |
| |Temperature |5°C |
| |Percentage |5%, 5%–10% |
| |Volume |5 mL (insert space before unit). For units of volume, |
| | |expressions based on the cubic meter (eg, 5 × 10–9 m3, 5 × 10–6|
| | |m3 or 5 × 10–3 m3) or the liter (eg, 5 μL, 5 mL, 5 L) are |
| | |acceptable, but one of these methods should be used |
| | |consistently throughout the manuscript. Note the use of L for |
| | |liter (and in mL etc.) and not l. |
| |Concentration |5 mmol m–3, 5 μm (for 5 μmol L–1), or 25 mg L–1. Note small cap|
| | |for m in μm. |
| |Weight |g, kg (insert space before unit) |
| |Mass |Dalton (Da) or kDa is permitted for molecular mass or mass of a|
| | |particular band in a separating gel. |
| |Repetition of units |Do not repeat. |
| |Range |If the unit of measure for the quantity is set closed up with |
| | |the number, the unit should be repeated for each number. |
| | |(5%-8%) but (10-60 mm Hg) |
| |Use of slashes, product dots etc. |Use the virgule construction for rates when placed in |
| | |parentheses (eg, 1/2) but never in running text |
| |Centrifuge |Should be g – query author if given as rpm. |
| |Magnification |Times symbol closed up to numeral |
|Greek character | |Follow author. |
|Statistical style |Probability |P (upper case, italics). Use asterisks to represent statistical|
|AMA 20 | |significance of P values in figures, tables and their legends |
| | |and footnotes, e.g. *P ≤ .05, **P ≤ .01, ***P ≤ .001. (Use |
| | |standard decimal). Symbols and their qualifying values are |
| | |closed up, i.e. ‘All P-values were < 0·01’ but there should be |
| | |spaces either side of ratios, ×, ±, ³, etc. (e.g. P > 0.001). |
| | |Change (e.g.) P < .000 to P < .001. |
| |Decimals |AMA 19.7.1 Place a zero before the decimal point in numbers |
| | |less than 1, except when expressing the 3 values related to |
| | |probability: P, α, and β. These values cannot equal 1, except |
| | |when rounding |
| |Statistical variables |Italics. Modifiers of a given variable are identified using |
| | |roman subscripts, eg, let dE represent the diameter of the |
| | |Earth. NB use italic subscript where the modifier is itself a |
| | |variable, eg, “let di represent the diameter of the ith |
| | |branch.” |
| |Standard deviation |Always abbreviate to SD; similarly SE and SEM. |
| |Tests |Follow author and make consistent, but note: |
| | |capital for Student’s t-test. |
| |Abbreviations |Use the abbreviation. n (lower case, italics) for number of |
| | |samples, except in genetics papers where n is reserved for |
| | |number of chromosome sets (eg, 2n = 32), in which case |
| | |uppercase N is number of samples. |
| | |Preferred style is to use a single italic letter to represent a|
| | |single variable, with a subscript identifier if required. Thus:|
| | |“Total weight is the sum of the stem and root weights: |
| | |TW = SW + RW” would be changed to: |
| | |“Total weight is the sum of the stem and root weights: |
| | |WT = WS + WR” |
| | |— or Wtot, Wstem, Wroot if this would improve clarity. |
| |Confidence interval |Preferred format for CI is: |
| | |1.7 (95% CI, 1.3-2.1) |
| | |0.4 (95% CI, -0.1 to 0.9) |
| |Fractions | Spell out common fractions ‘In 2 of the 17 patients’ |
| |AMA 19.2.2; 19.1.2 | |
|Math style | |(Follow AMA 21) |
| |Superscript and subscript |Stacked if both together are provided (typesetter will apply) |
| |Equations |Use italics for letters representing variables and normal |
| | |upright font for letters that are identifiers, unless the |
| | |identifier is itself a variable, eg, “let di represent the |
| | |diameter of the ith branch”). The meaning of terms used in |
| | |equations should be explained when they first appear. |
| | |Equations should be displayed on a line on their own; if |
| | |numbered it should be in the format (1), (2), etc., and the |
| | |number should be right aligned. |
| |Inline equations |Integral, summation, etc. limits are to be given as side |
| | |limits. |
| |Display equation |Integral, summation, etc. limits are to be given as side limits|
| | |and have upper and lower limits. |
| |Ratio |5:3 |
| |Citation of sections |Appendix. If only one present, delete “1” in “Appendix 1.” |
| |Equations |Query author to check equations carefully. |
| | |Number them in brackets, eg, (1). Refer to equations in text by|
| | |eqn (1), eqns (1)–(4). Lowercase – AMA does not require Caps. |
| | | |
|Journal-specific style points |Citation of sections |Section title in title case and in quotation marks. |
| |Example |See “Discussion” |
| |
|TABLES AND FIGURES |
|Tables |Caption |Follow AMA 4.1–4.1.8: (See below) |
| |Example |Table 1. Relative Risks of Imaging Complications |
| | |Only “Table 1.” should be bold with the rest of the table |
| | |title in roman. |
| |In-text citation |Table 1 or (Table 1) |
| |Column headings |Title case, bold, no period at close of heading. |
| | |Example of heading: |
| | |CBT Alone |
| |Stub headings |Headings should be sentence case, except for proper nouns. |
| | | |
| | |Example: |
| | |No. of persons randomly assigned in hepatitis study |
| |Absence of text within columns |AMA 4.1.3. An ellipsis (…) may be used to indicate that no |
| | |data are available for a cell or that the category of data is |
| | |not applicable for a cell. However, ellipses should not be |
| | |used to denote different types of missing elements in the same|
| | |table. Other designations such as NA (for “not available,” |
| | |“not analyzed,” or “not applicable”) may be used, provided |
| | |their meaning is explained in a footnote |
| |Captions/Notes |All notes including abbreviations and superscripts should be |
| | |flush left. |
| | | |
| | |The order of the footnotes is determined by the placement in |
| | |the table of the item to which the footnote |
| | |Use superscript alphabet designators. |
| | | |
| | |Follow AMA 14: Use “Abbreviations:” if an abbreviation list is|
| | |needed (“Abbreviation:” if only one term in the list). Make |
| | |sure list is in alphabetical order and do not capitalize |
| | |abbreviation expansions unless pertaining to proper nouns. Do |
| | |not use NOTE. |
|Figure |In-text citation |Follow AMA Chapter 4.2: in-text callouts should have Figure 1 |
| | |spelled out even in parentheses, such as (Figure 1). |
| | |. |
| |Figure title |Each major word in a figure title is capitalized |
| |Example |Figure 1. Prominent Physical Signs of Familial |
| | |Hyperchlosterolemia |
| |Composite figures |For composite figures with 2 or more panels, capital letters |
| | |(A, B, C, D, etc) should be used to label the parts of the |
| | |figure. The figure legend should refer to each of the figure |
| | |components and the letter designators in a clear and |
| | |consistent format |
| |Notes |Figure notes should follow legend, run in |
| |Abbreviations |Abbreviations in figures should be consistent with those used |
| | |in the text and defined in the title or legend or in a key as |
| | |part of the figure. Abbreviations may be expanded individually|
| | |in the text of the legend or may be expanded collectively at |
| | |the end of the legend. |
| |
|BACK MATTER |
|Order: Acknowledgments, Supplementary Data, Funding, Conflict of Interest, References |
|Acknowledgments |Style |Acknowledgments can consist of author contribution/list of |
| | |participants in a group study/ /disclaimers/previous |
| | |presentations of material/miscellaneous |
| | |acknowledgments/additional contributions/preferred citation |
| | |format |
|Supplementary Data |Use |Insert text into part of text affected: |
| | | |
| | |See online supplementary material for a color version of this |
| | |figure. |
| | | |
| | |Insert following section just before |
| | |References. This note should read exactly as written below. If|
| | |author has used other phrasing, edit to match the note as |
| | |written below. |
| | | |
| | |Supplementary material |
| | |Supplementary material is available at the APS Function |
| | |online. |
| | | |
| | |Supplemental tables and figures should be cited in the text. A|
| | |capital S should be used. Example: |
| | | |
| | |Univariate analysis of patient age and outcome showed no |
| | |significant associations (Table S1). |
| | | |
|Funding statement | | |
| |Example |. |
| | | |
| | |Funding statement should be placed under a Level 1 heading: |
| | |“Funding”. Can use “none declared” statement as below unless |
| | |the author has provided their own statement |
| | |Funding |
| | |None declared. |
|Conflict of Interest statement |Use |Please add the following statement just before the References,|
| | |unless authors have declared a conflict in which case leave |
| | |text as author's original: |
| | | |
| | |Style as a Level 1 heading: |
| | |Conflict of interest statement |
| | |None declared. |
| | | |
| | |. |
|Appendix |Style |Additional material that the author wants to add and can be in|
| | |the form of text, figures or tables, |
| |Heading level 1 |As standard article (see above). |
| |Heading level 2 |As standard article (see above). |
| |Placement |Before References |
| |Theorem, etc |N/A |
| |Equation numbering |(A1), (A2) etc. |
| | |Display. |
| |Table numbering |Table A1 etc. |
| |Figure labels |Figure A1 etc. |
| |
|REFERENCES |
|Follow AMA for reference types not listed below |
|Heading |Style |As other level 1 heading |
|Order |General |Numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in the order in |
| | |which they are cited in the text; Follow AMA 3.5. |
|Author names | |Use the author’s surname followed by initials without periods. |
| | |The names of all authors should be given unless there are more |
| | |than 6, in which case the names of the first 3 authors are |
| | |used, followed by “et al.” |
|Journal articles in this issue |Style |Follow AMA 3.15.1: Basic format: Author(s). Title. Journal |
| | |Name. Year; vol (issue No.):inclusive pages. URL. Published |
| | |[date]. Updated [date]. Accessed [date]. See AMA for more |
| | |details. |
| |Example |Author XX, Author XX, Author XX, et al. Article title |
| | |[published online ahead of print Month xx, 20xx]. J Breast |
| | |Imag. doi: 10.1093/jbi/wby007. |
|Reference citation in text |General style |AMA3.6 Each reference should be cited in the text, tables, or |
| | |figures in consecutive numerical order by means of superscript |
| | |arabic numerals. It is acceptable for a reference to be cited |
| | |only in a table or a figure legend and not in the text if it is|
| | |in sequence with references cited in the text |
|Specific Types of Reference Style |
|Journal (includes all periodicals) |Title style |Sentence case, do not cap after colon |
| |Abbreviation |Short title |
| |Volume number |Required; query if not present |
| |Issue number |Required; query if not present |
| |Page range |Required; query if not present. Inclusive page numbers. |
| |Example |Ciatto S, Houssami N, Bernardi D, et al. Integration of 3D |
| | |digital mammography with tomosynthesis for population |
| | |breast-cancer screening (STORM): a prospective comparison |
| | |study. Lancet Oncol 2013;14(7):583–589. |
|Book (includes all other nonperiodicals) |Title style |Italicize, title case |
| |Publisher name |Required |
| |Publisher location |Required; add country if other than USA |
| |Example |Schroder FH, Kranse R. Book Title. 6th ed. New York: Wiley; |
| | |1987. (Country other than USA should be given for the publisher|
| | |location.) |
|Others |Book chapter |McIntosh K. Diagnostic virology. In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, |
| | |Chanock RM, et al., eds. Fields Virology. 2nd ed. Vol 1. New |
| | |York, NY: Raven Press, 1990:411–40. |
| |Patent |Ruth C, Smith A, Stein J. System and method for generating a 2D|
| | |image from a tomosynthesis dataset. U.S. Patent Office, 2010. |
| |Internet site |For online resources, a URL and date accessed should be |
| | |included as well as the “owner of the site” (eg, Public Health |
| | |Service Task Force) and/or “title” of the web page (eg, |
| | |Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant|
| | |HIV-1 infected women for maternal health and interventions to |
| | |reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States). |
| | | |
| | |Example: |
| | |Public Health Service Task Force. Recommendations for the use |
| | |of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1 infected women for |
| | |maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 |
| | |transmission in the United States. Available at: |
| | |. Accessed 24 April 2002. |
| | | |
| |Dissertation |Reference to a doctoral dissertation should include the author,|
| | |title, institution, location, year, and publication |
| | |information, if published. |
| | | |
| | | |
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